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Antibacterial Synergy Detection of Lignin Extract from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Opefb) Combined with Amoxicillin Against Staphylococcus Aureus Using The Azdast Method 用阿兹达斯法检测油棕空果束(Opefb)木质素提取物与阿莫西林联合使用对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌协同作用
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.191
Rifki Anshory Hendri, Herman Suryadi, Hayun Hayun
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are waste generated by the palm oil industry and are generally considered an environmental problem due to their large quantity and difficult recyclability. This study's objective was to examine the potential of OPEFB lignin extract combined with amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The Synergism Test of the OPEFB lignin extract-antibiotic combination was conducted using the AZDAST method (Ameri Ziaei Double Antibiotic Synergism Test). The lignin extraction process was a steam process using a 4% oxalic acid solution under optimal conditions. Then, Calcium ions precipitate 4% oxalate by adding Ca(OH)2 to the extract. The Lignin content was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm, and then the lignin extract was combined with antibiotics for antibacterial assay. The results showed a lignin content of 1.06 %. The AZDAST test results revealed clear zones from the combination of OPEFB lignin extract and amoxicillin with a diameter of 20.23 mm for the extract containing oxalate and 15.83 mm for the oxalate-free extract. Meanwhile, on average, the clear zone of single amoxicillin was only 14.13 mm. Based on these results, the combination of OPEFB lignin extract with amoxicillin was stronger than amoxicillin alone in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, but it was not significantly different (p-value> 0.05). In conclusion, the potential of OPEFB lignin extract synergistically worked with the antibiotic amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus.
油棕空果串(OPEFB)是棕榈油行业产生的废物,由于其数量大且难以回收利用,通常被认为是一个环境问题。本研究的目的是考察 OPEFB 木质素提取物与阿莫西林联合使用抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长的潜力。采用 AZDAST 方法(Ameri Ziaei 双抗生素增效试验)对 OPEFB 木质素提取物与抗生素组合进行了增效试验。木质素提取过程是在最佳条件下使用 4% 草酸溶液进行蒸汽提取。然后,在提取液中加入 Ca(OH)2 使钙离子沉淀出 4% 的草酸盐。木质素含量通过 280 纳米紫外可见分光光度法测定,然后将木质素提取物与抗生素结合进行抗菌检测。结果显示木质素含量为 1.06%。AZDAST 试验结果表明,OPEFB 木质素提取物与阿莫西林混合后,含草酸盐提取物的抗菌区直径为 20.23 毫米,不含草酸盐提取物的抗菌区直径为 15.83 毫米。同时,单一阿莫西林的清除区平均只有 14.13 毫米。根据上述结果,OPEFB 木质素提取物与阿莫西林的组合抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长的作用强于单独使用阿莫西林,但差异不显著(p 值> 0.05)。总之,OPEFB 木质素提取物与抗生素阿莫西林具有协同抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Lethal Concentration and Lethal Time Botanical Insecticide Tuba Root Extract Against Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith Larvae 植物杀虫剂杜巴根提取物对蚜虫幼虫的致死浓度和致死时间
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.181
M. Ibrahim, R. Rustam
Utilization of botanical insecticides is an option to control environmentally friendly Spodoptera frugiperda  pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC) and lethal time (LT) of botanical insecticides on the third instar larvae of S. frugiperda in the laboratory. The experiment was conducted at the Applied Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, over a period of 3 months, from September to November 2022. The concentration treatments used were 0, 2, 4, and 8 ml/L of water. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Larval mortality data was processed using probit analysis in order to determine the value of Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC95) and Lethal Time 50 (LT50). The results showed that the tuba root powder extract concentration showed LC50 and LC95 namely 0.07% equivalent to 0.7 ml/L of water and 1.53% equivalent to 15.3 ml/L of water. Meanwhile the concentration of 8 ml/L of water extract of tuba root flour causes LT50 of S. frugiperda larvae causing time to tend to be faster at 1.86 days or 44,64 hours after application. Botanical insecticides of the tuba root extract concentration show high efficacy against S. frugiperda larvae so that they can be recommended as a component for integrated pest management (IPM).
使用植物杀虫剂是控制环境友好型鞘翅目害虫的一种选择。本研究的目的是在实验室中确定植物杀虫剂对蚜虫第三龄幼虫的致死浓度(LC)和致死时间(LT)。实验于 2022 年 9 月至 11 月在日惹加札马达大学农学院应用昆虫学实验室进行,为期 3 个月。使用的浓度处理为 0、2、4 和 8 毫升/升水。实验采用完全随机设计法(CRD),4 个处理 5 次重复。幼虫死亡率数据采用 probit 分析法进行处理,以确定致死浓度(LC50 和 LC95)和致死时间 50(LT50)。结果表明,杜巴根粉提取物浓度的 LC50 和 LC95 分别为 0.07%(相当于 0.7 毫升/升水)和 1.53%(相当于 15.3 毫升/升水)。同时,浓度为 8 毫升/升的杜巴根粉水提取物对蚜虫幼虫的半数致死浓度(LT50)在施药后 1.86 天或 44,64 小时内趋于加快。杜巴根提取物浓度的植物杀虫剂对蚜虫幼虫具有很高的药效,因此可推荐将其作为害虫综合防治(IPM)的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
The Application of Botanical Pesticides to Control Fusarium Wilt on Asparagus Beans 应用植物杀虫剂控制芦笋豆上的镰刀菌枯萎病
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.190
M. Adiwena, A. Murtilaksono, Mikael Ngau, Rachmadaniar Rachmadaniar, S. Egra, A. P. Pradana, Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid Yousif
Triggered by a fungus of the genus Fusarium, wilting prevails in various horticultural crops in Indonesia. In asparagus beans, this pathogen can lead to decreased production. One eco-friendly controlling measure is the application of botanical pesticides made from betel leaves and neem leaves which have been extensively used to control various pathogenic fungi.  This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of plant-based pesticides made from neem and betel leaves in controlling Fusarium wilt in asparagus beans. This research was run for approximately six months, initiated at the Laboratory of Plant Protection in Universitas Borneo Tarakan, and ended in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture. It involved Fusarium propagation, preparation of planting media, planting asparagus beans, infecting Fusarium, and producing as well as applying botanical pesticides. It employed a one-factor randomized block design with 5 treatments, control (P0), 5% neem leaf extract per plant (P1), 10% neem leaf extract per plant (P2), 5% betel leaf extract per plant (P3) and 10% betel leaf extract per plant (P4). The covariance analysis results showed that the treatment did nothave a significant effect on the number of affected branches, the number of pods and pod weight. Even so, it can be concluded that P2 can reduce wilted branches by up to 48%, with the same concentration, and P4 can reduce wilted branches by up to 52%. In terms of the total number and the total weight of the pods, P4 achieved the best results with 77 pods, weighing 3,272 grams.
在印度尼西亚,由镰刀菌属真菌引发的枯萎病在各种园艺作物中普遍存在。在芦笋豆中,这种病原体会导致减产。一种生态友好型控制措施是使用槟榔叶和楝叶制成的植物杀虫剂,它们已被广泛用于控制各种病原真菌。 本研究旨在评估楝树叶和槟榔叶制成的植物杀虫剂在控制芦笋豆镰刀菌枯萎病方面的效果。这项研究在婆罗洲塔拉干大学植物保护实验室启动,在农学院实验园结束,历时约六个月。研究涉及镰刀菌繁殖、种植介质制备、芦笋豆种植、镰刀菌感染、植物杀虫剂的生产和应用。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,共设 5 个处理:对照(P0)、每株 5%楝叶提取物(P1)、每株 10%楝叶提取物(P2)、每株 5%槟榔叶提取物(P3)和每株 10%槟榔叶提取物(P4)。协方差分析结果表明,处理对受影响的枝条数量、豆荚数量和豆荚重量没有显著影响。尽管如此,可以得出结论:在浓度相同的情况下,P2 可使枯萎枝减少 48%,P4 可使枯萎枝减少 52%。就豆荚的总数量和总重量而言,P4 的效果最好,共结出 77 个豆荚,重 3 272 克。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Test of Coconut Shell Grinding Machine For Pyrolysis Process 用于热解工艺的椰壳研磨机性能测试
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.211
S. Novita, Santosa Santosa, N. Nofialdi, A. Andasuryani, Ahmad Fudholi
Coconut shell is a solid waste of biomass from processed coconuts separated from the flesh. Coconut shells can be reprocessed into products of high economic value. Coconut shells can be processed for bio-oil production via high-temperature pyrolysis. In the pyrolysis process, the coconut shell raw materials are reduced in size to facilitate combustion. The aim of this research was to test the performance of the modified coconut shell grinding machine, determine the effect of water content on the milling process, achieve coconut shell sizes of 3, 5, and 10 mm to enhance the pyrolysis process, and analyze the economics of grinding machine engineering. The size reduction process was carried out using a custom-designed coconut shell grinder that was altered in its sieve section. The sieve sections had diameters of 10, 5, and 3 mm. The coconut shell to be ground had a moisture content of 8–10%. The grinding machine capacity varies with each size, namely 10 mm, 5 mm, and 3 mm, achieving throughput rates of 14.892 kg/h, 7.214 kg/h, and 2.94 kg/hour, respectively. The resulting yield was notably high, ranging from 95 to 96.780%, and the associated yield loss remained low, between 3.2% and 4.8%. During the material size tests, the working RPM was observed at 630.6 for 10 mm, 711.2 for 5 mm, and 1017.18 for 3 mm, and these RPM variations influence the grinding speed.
椰子壳是从椰肉中分离出来的加工椰子的生物质固体废物。椰子壳可以再加工成具有高经济价值的产品。椰子壳可通过高温热解处理生产生物油。在热解过程中,椰子壳原料的体积会缩小,以利于燃烧。本研究的目的是测试改良椰壳研磨机的性能,确定含水量对研磨过程的影响,使椰壳尺寸达到 3、5 和 10 毫米以加强热解过程,并分析研磨机工程的经济性。减小尺寸的过程是使用定制设计的椰壳研磨机进行的,该研磨机的筛孔部分有所改变。筛孔直径分别为 10 毫米、5 毫米和 3 毫米。需要研磨的椰子壳含水量为 8-10%。每种尺寸的研磨机能力各不相同,分别为 10 毫米、5 毫米和 3 毫米,产量分别为 14.892 公斤/小时、7.214 公斤/小时和 2.94 公斤/小时。由此产生的成品率明显较高,在 95% 至 96.780% 之间,相关的成品率损失仍然较低,在 3.2% 至 4.8% 之间。在材料尺寸测试过程中,观察到 10 毫米的工作转速为 630.6,5 毫米为 711.2,3 毫米为 1017.18,这些转速变化影响了研磨速度。
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引用次数: 0
Flood Modelling of Premulung River, Bengawan Solo Premulung 河洪水模型,Bengawan Solo
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.183
Ferdi Pangestu, A. A. Kuntoro, Eko Winar Irianto
Premulung River or commonly known as Kali Premulung is one of many branches of Bengawan Solo River in its upstream area. This river pass through one of the most historical cities in Central Java, Surakarta. The overcapacity of this river leads to flood event that has a negative impact on humans. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Premulung River capacity and simulate the flood caused by rainfall design. The hydrological matter was analyzed using Hydrognomon and HEC-HMS while flood modelling was analyzed using HEC-RAS software one- and two-dimension (1D & 2D) simulation. Model calibrations were carried out based on historical flood events (depth, duration, and area of inundation) and local interview due to data limitation. Based on the simulation, the flood modelling shows that the current capacity of Premulung River cannot accommodate its peak discharge for two (Q2) and twenty years (Q20) return period flood. There are two main spots identified flooded due to Q2 flood with depth varies from 40 to 80 cm and duration from 4 hour to 7 hour. For Q20 flood, there are also two same spots identified flooded with depth varies from 1.2 m to 1.8 m and duration from 6 hour to 9 hour. The result of this study can be a reference for flood dike design in the future which still require further detailed investigation.
普姆隆河(Premulung River)或俗称卡利普姆隆河(Kali Premulung)是本加万梭罗河(Bengawan Solo River)上游地区的众多支流之一。该河流经中爪哇最具历史意义的城市之一--苏腊卡尔塔。这条河流的过载能力导致洪水泛滥,对人类造成了负面影响。本研究的目的是分析 Premulung 河的容量,并模拟降雨设计造成的洪水。水文问题使用 Hydrognomon 和 HEC-HMS 进行分析,洪水模型则使用 HEC-RAS 软件进行一维和二维(1D 和 2D)模拟分析。由于数据有限,模型校准根据历史洪水事件(深度、持续时间和淹没面积)和当地采访进行。根据模拟结果,洪水模型显示,目前 Premulung 河的泄洪能力无法承受两年一遇(Q2)和二十年一遇(Q20)的洪水峰值。在 Q2 洪水中,有两个主要地点被洪水淹没,水深在 40 厘米到 80 厘米之间,持续时间在 4 小时到 7 小时之间。在 20 年一遇的洪水中,也发现了两个同样的洪水淹没点,水深在 1.2 米至 1.8 米之间,持续时间在 6 小时至 9 小时之间。这项研究的结果可为今后的防洪堤设计提供参考,但仍需进一步详细调查。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Coffee Canopy Pruning and Fertilization on Coffee Growth and Soil Physical Properties 咖啡树冠修剪和施肥对咖啡生长和土壤物理特性的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.208
Rosesita Tri Suci Rohani, Cahyo Prayogo, D. Suprayogo, Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono
Arabica coffee is primarily cultivated in agroforestry systems in Indonesia, but limited local knowledge and technology adoption hinder its productivity due to insufficient practices in coffee pruning management. This study aims to analyze variations in coffee canopy pruning (Pruning+Bending) management and the impact on plant growth and soil physical characteristics.. The experiment employed a split-plot experimental design and utilized the Fisher test (5%) to assess the treatment effects. The primary plot focused on coffee canopy pruning using two management options: (1) Pruning (PR) and (2) Bending (BN). The subplots included various types and doses of fertilizer treatments: (1) Control (F0), (2) Chicken manure (F1), (3) Chicken manure+NPK fertilizer (F2), and (4) NPK fertilizer (F3). Each experimental plot covered an area of 20x20 m and contained 50 coffee plants. Bending techniques represent alternative pruning methods, and, in general, they have a significant impact on improving several coffee parameters compared to total pruning. Regarding the soil’s physical properties, the bending technique exhibited a higher infiltration rate than pruning. The management approach of Bending+Chicken manure: NPK fertilizer (BNF2) enhanced various coffee parameters, resulting in an increased stem diameter of 4.79 cm, new shoot length of 471.20 cm, and chlorophyll content of 6.83 mg/g. Furthermore, this treatment increased soil organic carbon content by 7.51% and reduced bulk density to 0.58 g/cm. In conclusion, the bending technique wasproven to be more advantageous than pruning, especially when combined with chicken manure and NPK fertilizer for enhancing coffee management among farmers.
阿拉比卡咖啡主要在印度尼西亚的农林系统中种植,但由于咖啡修剪管理实践不足,当地知识和技术采用有限,阻碍了其生产力的提高。本研究旨在分析咖啡树冠修剪(修剪+弯曲)管理的变化及其对植物生长和土壤物理特性的影响。实验采用了分小区实验设计,并利用 Fisher 检验(5%)来评估处理效果。主小区的重点是咖啡树冠修剪,采用两种管理方案:(1) 修剪 (PR) 和 (2) 弯曲 (BN)。子小区包括不同类型和剂量的肥料处理:(1)对照(F0);(2)鸡粪(F1);(3)鸡粪+NPK 肥料(F2);(4)NPK 肥料(F3)。每个试验小区的面积为 20x20 米,种植 50 株咖啡。折枝技术是一种可供选择的修剪方法,总体而言,与全面修剪相比,折枝技术对改善咖啡的多项参数有显著影响。在土壤物理特性方面,弯曲技术的渗透率高于修剪技术。弯曲+鸡粪的管理方法:NPK 肥料(BNF2)提高了咖啡的各项参数,使茎干直径增加了 4.79 厘米,新芽长度增加了 471.20 厘米,叶绿素含量增加了 6.83 毫克/克。此外,这种处理方法还使土壤有机碳含量增加了 7.51%,体积密度降低到 0.58 克/厘米。总之,在加强农民对咖啡的管理方面,弯曲技术被证明比修剪技术更有优势,尤其是与鸡粪和氮磷钾肥结合使用时。
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引用次数: 0
The Study of Relationship of Soil Physics Health and Micro-Climate Characteristics on Paddy Fields 稻田土壤物理健康与小气候特征的关系研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.194
S. Sumani, Alfia Nisa Widhiyastuti, M. Mujiyo, Ganjar Herdiansyah, Siti MARO'AH
Global food security and environmental stability will be threatened by population growth, land usage, and land change. Proper soil management in plant production helps reduce temperature and humidity-induced plant deterioration. This study aims to identify soil physics health (SPH), microclimate characteristics, and the relationship between the two in managing organic and inorganic paddy fields. The research location is in Purwantoro District, Wonogiri Regency, using descriptive explorative research, with purposive soil sampling at work map, made by overlay thematic maps, resulting in 9 LMU. The observation and sampling were carried out in the maximum vegetative phase of plants, while the micro-climate is in the generation phase. The determination of the soil physics health status used the scoring method. Using the T-test, Pearson’s correlation test finds the relationship between SPH and micro-climate characteristics and the differences between the two. The results showed the distribution of SPH in organic farming is healthy (74.7) and very healthy (83.3), while inorganic farming is healthy (79.72). The temperature is optimal, ranging from 23.5°C to 30.1°C, but the humidity is minimum in the range of 35.3% to 76.1%. The SPH and micro-climate have a significant relationship, with a positive correlation between air and soil temperature with SPH and a negative correlation between air humidity and soil moisture.
全球粮食安全和环境稳定将受到人口增长、土地使用和土地变化的威胁。植物生产中适当的土壤管理有助于减少温度和湿度引起的植物退化。本研究旨在确定有机和无机稻田管理中的土壤物理健康(SPH)、小气候特征以及两者之间的关系。研究地点位于沃诺吉里郡的普万托罗区,采用描述性探索研究方法,在工作图上进行有目的的土壤取样,通过叠加专题地图,得出 9 个 LMU。观察和取样是在植物的最大无性繁殖期进行的,而小气候则处于生成期。土壤物理健康状况的确定采用了评分法。利用 T 检验、皮尔逊相关检验发现 SPH 与小气候特征之间的关系以及两者之间的差异。结果显示,有机农业的 SPH 分布为健康(74.7)和非常健康(83.3),而无机农业为健康(79.72)。温度在 23.5°C 至 30.1°C 之间最适宜,但湿度在 35.3% 至 76.1% 之间最低。SPH 与小气候有显著关系,空气和土壤温度与 SPH 呈正相关,空气湿度与土壤湿度呈负相关。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Availability and Lignocellulosic Properties in Coconut Dregs Waste 椰子渣废弃物的可用性和木质纤维素特性鉴定
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.248
W. S. Murtius, B. D. Argo, I. Nurika, Sukardi Sukardi
Agricultural waste, including coconut pulp, contains lignocellulose and is a very important, renewable and sustainable industrial raw material. Many of the food, textile, pharmaceutical, paint and resin, agrochemical, oil processing, and other sectors utilize lignocellulosic derivatives. The objectives of this study were to determine the availability of coconut pulp in Padang City-West Sumatra, analyse the lignocellulosic components contained and cell surface morphology, and observe the chemical elements in coconut pulp waste. An exploratory approach was used in this study to achieve these objectives. The results showed that there were 98 coconut milk entrepreneurs spread across traditional markets in Padang City, West Sumatra. Every day the coconut milk squeeze business examined produces ± 1.18 tonnes of coconut pulp. Coconut waste also contains 47.18% cellulose, 10.58% lignin, and 12.10% hemicellulose. Based on the XRD results, the crystal size of coconut pulp obtained from XRD observation is 11.8 nm.
包括椰子浆在内的农业废弃物含有木质纤维素,是一种非常重要的、可再生和可持续的工业原料。许多食品、纺织、制药、涂料和树脂、农用化学品、石油加工和其他行业都使用木质纤维素衍生物。本研究的目的是确定巴东市-西苏门答腊的椰子浆供应情况,分析所含的木质纤维素成分和细胞表面形态,并观察椰子浆废料中的化学元素。为实现这些目标,本研究采用了探索性方法。结果显示,西苏门答腊省巴东市的传统市场上分布着 98 家椰奶企业。所调查的椰奶榨汁企业每天产生 ± 1.18 吨椰浆。椰子废料还含有 47.18% 的纤维素、10.58% 的木质素和 12.10% 的半纤维素。根据 XRD 观察结果,椰浆的晶体尺寸为 11.8 纳米。
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引用次数: 0
Growth of Cut-Grafting Robusta Coffee Seeds Utilizing Orthotropic and Plagiotropic Rootstocks with Application Bacillus and Pseudomonas Mixture 利用应用芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌混合物的正交砧木和异交砧木扦插嫁接罗布斯塔咖啡种子的生长情况
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v8i1.189
Muhammad Ghufron Rosyady, Larassati Larassati, Setiyono Setiyono, Gatot Subroto, K. Wijaya, Distiana Wulanjari, Oria Alit Farisi, Basuki Basuki
Vegetative propagation by cut-grafting has the advantage of being able to obtain seeds that inherit two superior traits from two scion clones in a relatively short time. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of using orthotropic and plagiotropic rootstocks applied by Bacillus and Pseudomonas on the early growth of robusta coffee seedlings from cut grafting. The method used was by using a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors and was   repeated 3 times. The first factor was the use of rootstock cuttings which consisted of 2 levels, which were S1 (orthotropic stem) and S2 (plagiotropic stem). The second factor was the concentration of Bacillus and Pseudomonas which consisted of 5 levels, which were B0 (0 ml/L), B1 (20 ml/L), B2 (40 ml/L), B3 (60 ml/L) and B4 (80 ml/L). The results showed that (1) there was no interaction between the use of variatic rootstock and the application of the biological agent (2) The use of orthotropic rootstock increased plant growth, that is the number of primary roots and the number of leaves and (3) Application of the biological agent of Bacillus and Pseudomonas with concentrations of B4 increased seedling growth on all observed parameters except the number of shoots. Based on the results of this research, the benefit for coffee planters is to obtain alternative planting materials, namely from orthotropic branches. For further research, the use of orthotropic branch planting material as a scion plant can be investigated.
通过切接进行无性繁殖的优势在于能够在相对较短的时间内从两个接穗克隆中获得继承两个优良性状的种子。本研究的目的是确定使用芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的正交砧木和杂交砧木对扦插嫁接的罗布斯塔咖啡幼苗早期生长的影响。采用的方法是完全随机阶乘设计,包含 2 个因子,重复 3 次。第一个因素是砧木插条的使用,包括两个水平,即 S1(正茎)和 S2(斜茎)。第二个因素是芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的浓度,包括 5 个水平,分别为 B0(0 毫升/升)、B1(20 毫升/升)、B2(40 毫升/升)、B3(60 毫升/升)和 B4(80 毫升/升)。结果表明:(1) 使用变异砧木与施用生物制剂之间没有交互作用;(2) 使用正交砧木增加了植株的生长,即主根数和叶片数;(3) 施用浓度为 B4 的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌生物制剂增加了幼苗的生长,除芽数外,所有观察到的参数都增加了。根据这项研究的结果,咖啡种植者可以获得替代种植材料,即从直生枝条中获得种植材料。在进一步的研究中,可以对使用直立枝种植材料作为接穗植物进行调查。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of Edible Film from Corn Starch (Zea mays L.) with Additional Glycerol and Variations of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles 添加甘油玉米淀粉可食用膜的特性及氧化锌纳米颗粒的变化
Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v7i3.87
Ifmalinda Ifmalinda, Siti Azzahra Kurnia, Dinah Cherie
Plastic is one of the most widely used packaging materials. Plastic is made of chemicals that are highly toxic, and its use has produced a lot of waste that is bad for the environment and difficult to decompose. The global community is becoming more and more aware of the value of high-quality food, particularly when it comes to packaging that is safe for human health and the environment. Edible films can be used as an eco-friendly alternative to plastic food packaging options. As a material for packaging, edible film made of biopolymers has been created. This material can be made from biodegradable components and has qualities akin to those of ordinary plastics. When combined with zinc oxide (ZnO), a piezoelectric ceramic with anti-microbial properties, edible film degrades and decomposes readily. This study sets out to identify the effects of variations in zinc oxide nanoparticle concentration properties of edible films made from corn starch (Zea mays L.) and to establish the optimal zinc oxide nanoparticle concentration. ZnO concentrations ranging from 0% to 3% to 9% to 12% were used. The outcomes demonstrated that a concentration of 12% provided the optimal treatment for the properties of edible film. With the addition of 12% ZnO concentration, the edible film's properties improved the most in this investigation, showing 81.94% water resistance, 1.434 MPa tensile strength, and 38.46% elongation percent. The lowest biodegradability value was found in edible film with a concentration of ZnO 12%, within 14 days. The resistivity, tensile strength, and % elongation of the edible film increase with increasing ZnO content.
塑料是应用最广泛的包装材料之一。塑料是由剧毒的化学物质制成的,它的使用产生了大量对环境有害且难以分解的废物。国际社会越来越意识到高质量食品的价值,特别是在涉及对人类健康和环境安全的包装时。可食用薄膜可以作为塑料食品包装的环保替代品。作为一种包装材料,生物聚合物制成的可食用薄膜已经被创造出来。这种材料可以由可生物降解的成分制成,具有与普通塑料相似的品质。当与氧化锌(ZnO)结合时,具有抗微生物特性的压电陶瓷,可食用薄膜易于降解和分解。本研究旨在确定由玉米淀粉(Zea mays L.)制成的可食用薄膜中氧化锌纳米颗粒浓度变化的影响,并确定最佳氧化锌纳米颗粒浓度。ZnO的浓度范围为0% ~ 3%和9% ~ 12%。结果表明,12%的浓度对食用膜的性能有较好的影响。当ZnO浓度为12%时,可食用薄膜的抗水性提高最多,达到81.94%,抗拉强度为1.434 MPa,伸长率为38.46%。当氧化锌浓度为12%时,可食用薄膜在14天内的生物降解值最低。随着ZnO含量的增加,可食用薄膜的电阻率、抗拉强度和伸长率均有所提高。
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Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
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