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Looking at the cultural heritage proclamations of Ethiopia: conceptualisation and management of cultural heritage 埃塞俄比亚的文化遗产宣言：文化遗产的概念化和管理

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00111-2

Mengistie Zewdu

The main purpose of this paper is to explore how the conceptualisation and management of cultural heritage have been treated in the cultural heritage proclamations of Ethiopia. The analysis of the four cultural heritage proclamations reveals that the notion of cultural heritage improves from the first to the fourth proclamation. In the first two proclamations, the term antiquity was employed, and the latter two employed the term of cultural heritage. The 1966 proclamation included antiquities that were dated prior to 1850 EC, while the 1989 proclamation removed this cutoff date and expounded upon the definition of antiquities. The 2000 proclamation replaced the term antiquity with cultural heritage and introduced the concept of intangible cultural heritage. In terms of the management of cultural heritage, the differences between the 1989 and 2000 proclamations are quite minimal. The 2014 proclamation attempted to classify cultural heritage into national and regional cultural heritage. It also defined important components of intangible cultural heritage. The management of cultural heritage exhibits some evolution from the first to the last proclamation. However, due to the diversified nature of cultural heritage conceptualisation and management, it will be important for additional legislation to be issued separately for movable, immovable and intangible cultural heritage, for example. This study argues that strong legal and institutional frameworks should be established to properly protect, conserve and study cultural heritage.

本文的主要目的是探讨埃塞俄比亚的文化遗产公告是如何处理文化遗产的概念和管理的。对四项文化遗产公告的分析表明，文化遗产的概念从第一项公告到第四项公告都有所改进。在前两份公告中，使用的是 "古代 "一词，而后两份公告则使用了 "文化遗产 "一词。1966 年的公告包括 1850 年（东加勒比共同体）以前的古物，而 1989 年的公告取消了这一截止日期，并对古物的定义进行了阐述。2000 年的公告用文化遗产取代了古物一词，并引入了非物质文化遗产的概念。在文化遗产管理方面，1989 年公告与 2000 年公告之间的差异微乎其微。2014 年的公告试图将文化遗产分为国家和地区文化遗产。它还定义了非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分。从第一份公告到最后一份公告，文化遗产的管理发生了一些变化。然而，由于文化遗产的概念和管理具有多样性，因此有必要针对可移动、不可移动和非物质文化遗产等分别颁布新的立法。本研究认为，应建立强有力的法律和制度框架，以妥善保护、保存和研究文化遗产。

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引用次数: 0

The place of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen: the paradox between patrimonialisation and appropriation 特莱姆森大清真寺的位置：遗产化与占有之间的矛盾

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00109-w

Mohammed Chihab Selka, Imene Selka Oussadit

The Great Mosque of Tlemcen is a unique case, as it is one of the few mosques dating back to the Almoravid period that is almost intact. It has evolved in a constantly changing space and now has a conjoined public square, following an occidental configuration, which is quite rare. The size of this square suggests that it could be put to use as an additional vector for the valorisation of the mosque, but the current situation is different. This added space, introduced by occidental culture, creates a dual architectural language with several other buildings that mark all the layers of evolution in the urban fabric. Apart from its religious function, this mosque used to play the role of a covered public square, a role that has eroded over time. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between the building and its surroundings, as well as the population’s perception of this relationship. Additionally, the research is intended to highlight changes in the perception of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen’s public square over time, depending on historical, political, and social contexts. This research relies on an approach that combines different methods, including a thorough analysis of historical, cartographic, and legislative documents. Through this approach, we were able to conduct a comparative analysis with other similar cases. Finally, field research allowed us to understand the relationship between space and society. Despite the legal recognition of the surroundings as a historical monument, this status is not widely perceived and integrated into the population’s sense of heritage space. This is reflected in private and even public actions, despite the instrumentalisation of this heritage status, with appropriations of protected space that occur outside of regulations and become part of the landscape expression of the building in its environment.

特莱姆森大清真寺是一个独特的例子，因为它是为数不多的几座可追溯到阿尔莫拉维时期的清真寺之一，几乎保存完好。清真寺在不断变化的空间中发展，现在有一个连体公共广场，采用西式布局，这是非常罕见的。从广场的面积来看，它可以作为清真寺价值提升的额外载体，但目前的情况却并非如此。由西方文化引入的这一新增空间与其他几座建筑形成了双重建筑语言，标志着城市结构的所有演变层次。除宗教功能外，这座清真寺还曾扮演过有顶广场的角色，但随着时间的推移，这一角色已逐渐消失。这项研究的目的是分析这座建筑与其周围环境之间的关系，以及人们对这种关系的看法。此外，这项研究还旨在强调随着时间的推移，人们对特莱姆森大清真寺公共广场的看法会随着历史、政治和社会背景的变化而变化。这项研究采用了一种结合不同方法的方法，包括对历史、地图和立法文件的全面分析。通过这种方法，我们能够与其他类似案例进行比较分析。最后，实地研究使我们得以了解空间与社会之间的关系。尽管周围环境在法律上被认定为历史古迹，但这一地位并没有被广泛认知，也没有融入民众对遗产空间的认识中。这一点反映在私人甚至公共行动中，尽管这种遗产地位被工具化了，但对受保护空间的占用发生在法规之外，成为建筑在其环境中的景观表达的一部分。

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引用次数: 0

A metamodel for heritage-based urban development: enabling sustainable growth through urban cultural heritage, by Matthias Ripp. Springer Cham, 2022. 209pp. ISBN9783031082375 基于遗产的城市发展元模型：通过城市文化遗产实现可持续增长》，Matthias Ripp 著。Springer Cham，2022 年。209pp.国际标准书号：9783031082375

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00107-y

Yonca Erkan

1.1 What is the book about?

This article provides a review on the new publication of Matthias Ripp titled Meta-model for Heritage-based Urban Development: Enabling Sustainable Growth through Urban Cultural Heritage released by Springer in 2022. The subtitle is an inspirational, hope-giving, new perspective to heritage studies, if one puts aside the growth-based world economic systems towards development.

Matthias Ripp is one of the recognised scholars in the field of urban conservation. His publications over the years have contributed greatly to the development of the field. His recent book is one of the few theoretical approaches that enable a complex understanding of the city using a systemic approach, as well as a good demonstration of a methodological study. By using various theories (urban morphology, governance, and metamodeling theory) and the observations and examinations of earlier heritage-based development processes Ripp proposed the use of a Metamodel and overcome the shortages of the individual models. To develop the elements of the Metamodel, determination of what entities are involved (domain), how decisions have been taken (control levels of logic), and which processes and interactions took place (rationalities and organisational levels) is deemed necessary. For the systemic approach of the Metamodel, the common ground is a systemic view of the real world which tries to take reality and all its complexity into account. Ripp mentions that though the high level of abstraction is primarily a strength of the Metamodel, it can also be a weakness; users must have a deep level of understanding and openness to transfer and apply a Metamodel with such a high level of abstraction to other situations.

The book is well organised in three parts. Part one focuses on the contextual background, identification of the problem, theories, methods and research design; part two talks about the application of research methods; part three reveals the description, application and demonstration of the Metamodel in Regensburg, Germany. After testing the model in Regensburg, revisions to the Metamodel have been made. The book demonstrates how the Metamodel can be used, and presented as a key to solving many problems concerning heritage planning (designing heritage-based urban development processes, improving ongoing ones, to evaluating them). It is argued that the model is also useful for teaching and training, curriculum development, coaching of staff involved in heritage-based development, and scientific studies and set as example for developing other models.

1.2 What is the relevance of this book for urban conservation studies?

Conservation studies since the 1964 Venice Charter have been regulated by international agendas and mostly by the dominance of ICOMOS as an expert organisation. This, however, resulted in a scientific discipline that lacked distinct theories and approaches. Rather, as a

元模型的设计分为五个步骤，与线性城市发展模型非常相似。一个阶段的产出成为下一个阶段的输入，就像在线性模型中一样。从诠释学的角度看，THRIVE 元模型各阶段的图形表示法无助于进一步构思以遗产为基础的城市发展。该模型特别强调了范围界定阶段，但这一步骤已得到许多方面的认可，如英国皇家建筑师学会工作计划（2020 年）和其他地方规划条例。尽管元模型确定了需要分析的要素，但如何进行分析以及如何评估这些要素之间的相互作用却并不明确。当今最大的挑战是如何处理大数据，以及如何理解构成城市的复杂系统之间的相互关系。遗产要素增加了这一复杂性，因为概念、人和过程（也在 THRIVE 元模型中确定）很难测量和量化，因此利用这一模型可能需要补充工作。根据 THRIVE 元模型，愿景是在模型的第三阶段制定的。愿景陈述可以作为分析阶段的一项产出，并为开发阶段提供信息。如果没有愿景，以遗产为基础的城市规划的发展可能会朝着不同的方向发展。如果愿景是开发阶段的成果，如 THRIVE 元模型的情况，那么它就会被解读为适合项目局限性的叙述性图表。而如果愿景是在分析阶段之后产生的，那么它就会成为一种动力，一种塑造以遗产为基础的城市发展的意志力。举例来说，分析可以指出利用遗产资产发展经济的空间。根据对愿景方法的不同理解，这可能包括生态方法和基于房地产的发展。因此，可以说，如果将愿景说明作为发展阶段的一项投入，而不是结果，那么它就能更好地发挥其作用。从范围界定阶段[输出]到开发阶段[输入]的开发叙述似乎保持不变，因此不清楚如何将这一叙述转化为愿景声明。在 THRIVE 元模型中，挑战是分析阶段的结果，然后作为开发阶段的输入。通过发展阶段，挑战被转化为愿景、战略和规划，并作为成果显示出来。在这里，我们缺少了确定挑战/威胁、机遇和效益的步骤，而这是实施阶段的成果。然而，挑战/威胁、机遇和效益为规划决策提供了信息，然后才开始实施。虽然图形表示法并不意味着循环机制，但在实施阶段结束时，叙述的发展作为结果出现，这表明存在反馈机制。该系统旨在为最初的发展叙述提供反馈，但如何做到这一点还需要进一步解释。最后的线性过程将发展说明、机会、威胁、效益以及效果、概念、人员和环境作为输入，并通过评估将其转化为概念、原则、环境、人员和资源作为结果。此外，发展阶段似乎取决于主持人。这方面是元模型的一个弱点，在雷根斯堡的例子中暴露无遗。另一方面，选择雷根斯堡作为展示 "元模型 "的案例研究可能并不理想，因为现有的模型已经使用了西欧的例子，而如果使用西欧和北美地区以外的例子，则可以更好地展示一个具有普遍雄心的模型。从方法论上讲，该书的分类方法是合理的。对于定义基于遗产的发展模式的共同要素这一关键问题，我们进行了定性研究，以分析典范案例模式，并得出共同要素，从而在 Van Gigch 所描述的三个类别（逻辑、领域和合理性的控制层面以及组织层面）中发展出更为抽象的要素。在这里，我们可以看到，研究结果与输入密切相关，就像线性思维过程一样。

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引用次数: 0

Modernist heritage and memory politics in Spain: shifting values for the adaptive reuse of Seville’s former police headquarters 西班牙的现代主义遗产和记忆政治：塞维利亚前警察总部适应性再利用的价值转变

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00110-3

Plácido González Martínez

The political significance of modernist heritage architecture continues to be an unsolved question, particularly its identification and conservation. In Spain, the chronology of modernism stretches through the whole of the Spanish Civil War and Franco’s dictatorship. The passing of legislation on memory politics in Spain (i.e. the 2007 Law of Historical Memory and the 2022 Law of Democratic Memory) offers a unique opportunity to address this unsolved question by discussing two uncharted heritage debates: namely, the motivations for the heritagisation of modernist architecture in Spain and the challenges in the adaptive reuse of modernist buildings with controversial histories. The former police headquarters in Seville exemplifies the complexities of both debates and to what extent conflicting views about heritage architecture may determine debates about its reuse. Through a documentary review of the heritagisation of Seville’s former police headquarters, a discourse analysis of intervention proposals and press articles and interviews with relevant stakeholders, this study explored how the rise of memory politics in Spain has changed the interpretation of the former police headquarters’ significance in the last two decades and influenced the choices for its adaptive reuse.

现代主义遗产建筑的政治意义仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，特别是其识别和保护。在西班牙，现代主义的时间顺序贯穿整个西班牙内战和佛朗哥独裁统治时期。西班牙通过的有关记忆政治的立法（即 2007 年《历史记忆法》和 2022 年《民主记忆法》）为解决这一悬而未决的问题提供了一个独特的机会，可以讨论两个未知的遗产辩论：即西班牙现代主义建筑遗产化的动机以及对具有争议历史的现代主义建筑进行改造再利用所面临的挑战。塞维利亚前警察总部是这两个争论的复杂例子，对遗产建筑的不同看法在多大程度上决定了对其再利用的争论。本研究通过对塞维利亚前警察总部遗产化的文献回顾、对干预建议和新闻报道的话语分析以及对相关利益方的访谈，探讨了西班牙记忆政治的兴起如何在过去二十年中改变了对前警察总部重要性的诠释，并影响了对其改造再利用的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Reimagining local worlds: Wen village conservation and regeneration by Amateur Architecture Studio 重新想象当地的世界:温村的保护和再生由业余建筑工作室

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00108-x

Xiang Ren

This article theorises the local world as a conceptual scaffold for future conservation and regeneration. It aims to catalyse a theoretical dialogue across the East and West to understand how ordinary places and lifeworlds are preserved, reproduced, and possibly reimagined. The local worlds discussed herein are conceptualised as the worlds of many, the worlds of relating, the worlds of structuring and the worlds of becoming. These four cardinal points present a source of open-endedness and futurity for contemporary architectural reinterpretation. The current article examines the characterisation of the Wen village conservation and regeneration project, led by the Amateur Architecture Studio in Zhejiang Province of China (2012–2016), as an architectural reimagination of local worlds, with a strong sensitivity to the ordinary places and lifeworlds of rural China and juxtapositions of new local worlds within old worlds. By piecing together the flows and fragments of the architectural process, this article shows how locally situated designs and dynamics have shaped the project in both its formation and afterlife, both ethically and contemporarily. Using close readings of popular and oral accounts from both architect’s and users’ perspectives, this article extends the case study by broadening theoretical conversations about contemporary architecture’s capacity to reimagine local worlds.

这篇文章将当地的世界理论化，作为未来保护和再生的概念框架。它旨在促进东西方之间的理论对话，以了解普通的地方和生活世界是如何被保存、复制和可能的重新想象的。这里讨论的局部世界被概念化为许多人的世界，关系的世界，结构的世界和成为的世界。这四个基本要点为当代建筑的重新诠释提供了开放性和未来性的来源。本文考察了由中国浙江省业余建筑工作室(2012-2016)领导的温村保护和再生项目的特征，作为对当地世界的建筑重新想象，对中国农村的普通场所和生活世界具有强烈的敏感性，并将新的地方世界与旧世界并列。通过将建筑过程的流程和片段拼凑在一起，本文展示了当地的设计和动态如何在其形成和后期塑造项目，无论是在道德上还是在当代。本文从建筑师和用户的角度仔细阅读了流行的和口头的叙述，通过扩大关于当代建筑重新想象当地世界的能力的理论对话，扩展了案例研究。

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引用次数: 0

Urban built heritage protection and realistic dilemmas: the development process, protection system, and critical thinking of historic districts in Dalian 城市建筑遗产保护与现实困境:大连市历史街区的发展历程、保护制度与批判性思考

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00106-z

Hongchi Zhang, Fenglin Wang, Fei Guo, Jun Cai, Jing Dong

In China, the northeastern region has preserved many valuable modern built heritage buildings, which are undergoing difficult exploratory protection during the industrial and urbanisation process. Taking Dalian city as a case study, this article retraces the history of Dalian’s opening up and colonial management from the perspective of urban planning and historic district protection and management systems. This article sorts out the influence of national and local institutional policies on Dalian’s urban construction and development to analyse the past evolution, current problems and internal causes of the renovation and protection of Dalian’s typical historic districts. This influence is mainly reflected in the lack of protection and damage done to unofficial heritage, the disconnection between historic districts and the surrounding environments and urban textures, and the Chinese-style transformation and economic decline of exotic areas. This paper calls for attention to and the rapid clarification of the built heritage list, the improvement of planning and protection systems and related supporting policies, and a focus on the protection of the authenticity of colonial heritage. This paper provides strategic guidance for improving the protection of historic districts in Dalian in Northeast China and hopes to serve as a reference for the protection of built heritage in other nonfamous historic and cultural cities.

在中国，东北地区保存了许多有价值的近代建筑遗产，这些建筑在工业化和城市化进程中正经历着艰难的探索性保护。本文以大连市为例，从城市规划和历史街区保护管理制度的角度，追溯大连市对外开放和殖民管理的历史。本文通过梳理国家和地方制度政策对大连市城市建设发展的影响，分析大连市典型历史街区改造与保护的历史沿革、现状问题及内因。这种影响主要体现在对非官方遗产保护的缺失和破坏，历史街区与周边环境和城市肌理的脱节，异域地区的中国式转型和经济衰退。本文呼吁关注并尽快清理已建遗产名录，完善规划和保护制度及相关配套政策，重点保护殖民地遗产的真实性。本文为完善东北大连市历史街区保护提供战略指导，并希望对其他非历史文化名城的建筑遗产保护起到借鉴作用。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring visitors’ visual perception along the spatial sequence in temple heritage spaces by quantitative GIS methods: a case study of the Daming Temple, Yangzhou City, China 基于定量GIS的寺庙遗产空间序列探索游客视觉感知——以扬州市大明寺为例

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00105-0

Kai Zhou, Wenting Wu, Tianjie Li, Xiaoling Dai

Abstract The Daming Temple, built during 457–464 C.E., is one of the developing ancient temple heritage spaces located in Yangzhou city, P. R. China. Over the past 60 years, variation in visitors’ spatial perception along the tour routes in the temple has occurred. This research attempts to reveal the changes in visitors’ visual perception along the spatial sequences at 3 different times (i.e., 1962, 1973 and 2022). A quantitative GIS-based method, which includes analysing the distribution of visitors’ spatial preferences and spatial configuration, is proposed. Digital landscape tools and quantitative estimation methods are used, including mapping within Rhinoceros software, the kernel density estimation (KDE) method within ArcGIS software and spatial syntax analysis within DepthMap software. Extracted geodata from 500 photographs of the heritage space taken by volunteer visitors are analysed within the GIS environment. Values of the mean depth (MD) at both levels of visibility and accessibility are calculated within the visibility graph analysis (VGA) model. Comparisons between the visual preferences of the visitors and the spatial configuration along the spatial sequence are conducted. The results indicate that the spatial sequence has a significant impact on visitors’ visual preferences and tour routes. The phenomenon of spatial sequence among dynamic temporal variations and the effects of narrative spaces along the spatial sequence are highlighted and explained, which reveal the relationship between visitors’ geospatial preference and the spatial configuration of the temple. Some suggestions are put forwards for further studies on the revitalisation and management of East Asian ancient temple heritage spaces.

大明寺建于公元457-464年，是中国扬州市正在发展的古代寺庙遗产空间之一。在过去的60年里，游客在寺庙内沿游览路线的空间感知发生了变化。本研究试图揭示1962年、1973年和2022年三个不同时期游客视觉感知沿空间序列的变化。提出了一种基于gis的游客空间偏好分布和空间配置分析方法。使用数字景观工具和定量估计方法，包括rhino软件中的制图，ArcGIS软件中的核密度估计(KDE)方法和DepthMap软件中的空间语法分析。从500张由志愿游客拍摄的遗产空间照片中提取的地理数据在GIS环境中进行分析。在可见性图分析(VGA)模型中计算可见性和可达性两个级别的平均深度(MD)值。对游客的视觉偏好和沿空间序列的空间配置进行了比较。结果表明，空间序列对游客的视觉偏好和游览路线有显著影响。强调并解释了动态时间变化中的空间序列现象，以及沿着空间序列的叙事空间效应，揭示了游客的地理空间偏好与寺庙空间形态的关系。对东亚古庙遗产空间的活化与管理研究提出了一些建议。

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引用次数: 0

The museum method of reusing Shanghai waterfront industrial heritage: continuation and reconstruction of urban memory 上海滨水工业遗产再利用的博物馆方法:城市记忆的延续与重建

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00102-3

Lan Luo, Yongkang Cao

Abstract In the context of transforming traditional labour-intensive industries into the service economy in China, the reuse of industrial heritage as museums has become a trend, for example, along Shanghai waterfronts, gradually fuelling the continuation of urban memory, reshaping urban cultural identity and promoting the development of the waterfront economy. Additionally, the connotation of a museum is continually being expanded from an institution to a method, and the major function is gradually shifting from collection to display. Previous studies on Shanghai waterfront industrial heritage have mostly referred to cultural factors, but these factors are still mainly included in macroscale large waterfront projects or microscale single practical project analyses. Mesoscale typology discussions between the two are rare. Therefore, this paper examines eleven industrial heritage sites that have been repurposed as museums along Shanghai waterfronts to analyse the urban memory elements of industrial heritage and summarise three classes of memory interpretation strategies: translating memory information, renovating memory carriers, and relating memory clues. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the study cases are discussed separately, and the following corresponding recommendations are made: 1) further enrich and balance memory interpretation strategies; 2) enhance the rationality, service, and tolerance of the “exhibition + ” mode; and 3) improve local laws and regulations related to the protection and utilisation of industrial heritage to provide references for similar reuse designs.

在中国传统劳动密集型产业向服务经济转型的背景下，工业遗产作为博物馆的再利用已成为一种趋势，例如上海滨水区，逐渐推动了城市记忆的延续，重塑了城市文化认同，促进了滨水经济的发展。此外，博物馆的内涵也在不断从机构向方法扩展，主要功能也逐渐从收藏向展示转变。以往对上海滨水工业遗产的研究多涉及文化因素，但这些因素仍主要包含在宏观尺度的大型滨水项目或微观尺度的单个实际项目分析中。两者之间的中尺度类型学讨论很少。因此，本文以上海滨水区11处工业遗产改造为博物馆为研究对象，分析工业遗产的城市记忆要素，总结出三种记忆解读策略:记忆信息的翻译、记忆载体的改造和记忆线索的关联。最后，分别分析了研究案例的优缺点，并提出了以下建议:1)进一步丰富和平衡记忆解释策略;2)增强“展览+”模式的合理性、服务性、包容性;3)完善与工业遗产保护和利用相关的地方法律法规，为类似的再利用设计提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying disappeared historic buildings of port of Callao using georeferencing 利用地理参考识别卡亚俄港消失的历史建筑

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00101-4

Diego Javier Celis Estrada, Francisco Felipe Quiroz Chueca, Ruth Aracelis Manzanares Grados

Abstract The port of Callao is important for its varied historical and archaeological heritage, which includes several military buildings that were the main actors and witnesses of the colonial era of Peru (from the 16th century to the country’s independence from Spain early in the 19th century). Despite the studies that have been carried out on the basis of documents and some eventual archaeological excavations, the port’s main monument, namely, the Real Felipe Fortress, continues to hide very important information that could be used to understand the role that the fortress played in numerous historical events throughout the centuries. The main contribution of this study is the use of photogrammetry software and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to examine the Real Felipe Fortress. In this way, the nature of the atypical construction within the fortress is determined. As a result, it is possible to accurately establish the location of the defensive wall that surrounded the ancient city of Callao, as well as its first churches, whose records were lost after being destroyed by the 1746 earthquake and tsunami in Lima, the worst cataclysm registered in the history of Peru and South America. As a result, this study demonstrates that technology can be successfully used to establish and validate with great precision the existence of the location of churches that have been built in the port of Callao since the founding of Lima in the 16th century. Such identification allows architects, engineers and students who are interested in the history of monuments to discover hidden structures and buildings and carry out the necessary restoration and archaeological works, with the aim of recovering the history of the colonial architecture of Callao and other similar cities and ports worldwide.

卡亚俄港因其丰富的历史和考古遗产而闻名，其中包括几座军事建筑，这些建筑是秘鲁殖民时代(从16世纪到19世纪初该国从西班牙独立)的主要参与者和见证人。尽管已经根据文件和一些最终的考古发掘进行了研究，但港口的主要纪念碑，即皇家费利佩要塞，仍然隐藏着非常重要的信息，这些信息可以用来了解要塞在几个世纪以来的许多历史事件中所起的作用。本研究的主要贡献是使用摄影测量软件和地理信息系统(GIS)来检查真正的费利佩要塞。通过这种方式，确定了堡垒内非典型建筑的性质。因此，有可能准确地确定包围卡亚奥古城的防御墙的位置，以及它的第一批教堂，这些教堂的记录在1746年利马地震和海啸中被摧毁后丢失，这是秘鲁和南美洲历史上最严重的灾难。因此，这项研究表明，技术可以成功地用于建立和验证自16世纪利马建立以来在卡亚俄港建造的教堂的位置。这种鉴定使对古迹历史感兴趣的建筑师、工程师和学生能够发现隐藏的结构和建筑物，并进行必要的修复和考古工作，目的是恢复卡亚俄和世界各地其他类似城市和港口的殖民建筑历史。

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引用次数: 0

The development of the concept of architectural heritage conservation and its inspiration 建筑遗产保护理念的发展及其启示

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Built Heritage

Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00103-2

Wen Liang, Yahaya Ahmad, Hazrina Haja Bava Mohidin

Abstract Over recent decades, heritage conservation has developed in concept and scope. This paper uses a systematic literature review approach to collect charters and documents on heritage conservation issued by UNESCO and ICOMOS, divided into two periods, before 2000 and from 2000 to the present, for analysis from a qualitative perspective. The study results show that the scope of architectural heritage is expanding, and the definition of conservation is changing from individual to holistic conservation and from holistic to sustainable conservation. The focus of conservation has evolved from tangible to intangible attributes. The changing scale of conservation, from object to landscape, incorporates a more comprehensive range of heritage values, and the status of conservation has changed from static to living conservation. This study systematically structures the development of the concept of architectural heritage conservation, providing insight in the international field of architectural heritage conservation and encouraging reflection on the conservation of architectural heritage in historic cities.

近几十年来，遗产保护在概念和范围上都有了发展。本文采用系统文献综述的方法，收集了联合国教科文组织和国际古迹遗址理事会发布的有关文物保护的章程和文件，分为2000年以前和2000年至今两个时期，从定性的角度进行分析。研究结果表明，建筑遗产的范围在不断扩大，保护的定义正在从个体保护向整体保护、从整体保护向可持续保护转变。保护的重点已经从有形属性向无形属性发展。保护尺度的变化，从物体到景观，包含了更全面的遗产价值，保护的地位也从静态保护转变为有生命的保护。本研究系统梳理了建筑遗产保护理念的发展脉络，为国际建筑遗产保护领域提供借鉴，鼓励对历史城市建筑遗产保护的思考。

引用次数: 0