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Crouching the tiger, or hiding the dragon? scale in China’s heritage production 卧虎藏龙? 中国文物生产的规模
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00122-7
Yi Yu, June Wang
In the built heritage studies, the intricate web of social and selective processes that define heritage is evident. These processes are, in many cases, intertwined with the notion of scale, examplified through the production of heritage sites at the local, national, and transnational scales. While heritage and geography scholars have articulated the role played by scale in heritage-making and argue against a rigid, fixed, and hierarchical understanding of scale, they highlight the constant reproduction of scale. There is, so far, limited explanation of how the perception of scale gets reproduced and how crucial actors manipulate scalar power and resources for heritage making and the reproduction of scale. To fill this gap, this paper delves into mainland China’s heritage-making, using the southern Anhui historical villages as an example. Based on intensive 5-month field research, this paper has three findings: 1) The nomination process for a World Heritage Site is notably influenced by politics and selectivity; 2) Diverse stakeholders are pivotal in shaping heritage narratives; 3) Individual contributions to heritage creation directly interact with, and subsequently reshape, ‘scale’, an entity that is simultaneously discursive and tangible. By integrating the notion of ‘scale’ into heritage discussions, we illuminate two concurrent processes: creating hierarchies through rule assimilation by interpreting the UNESCO standard internally and evolving socio-spatial dynamics via the manifestation of individual agency with resource manipulation, scale jumping, and reproduction of scale. This approach aligns with the material orientation in human geography and repositions ‘scale’. Here, it’s not just an epistemological framework but also a tangible force that steers individual perceptions and actions and yields measurable material impacts.
在遗产建筑研究中,界定遗产的错综复杂的社会和选择性过程显而易见。在许多情况下,这些过程与规模的概念交织在一起,通过在地方、国家和跨国范围内的遗产地生产来体现。遗产学者和地理学者阐明了规模在遗产创造中的作用,反对僵化、固定和等级化的规模理解,强调规模的不断再生产。迄今为止,对于规模感知如何再生产,以及关键行为者如何操纵规模权力和资源以进行遗产制作和规模再生产的解释还很有限。为了填补这一空白,本文以皖南历史村落为例,对中国大陆的遗产制造进行了深入研究。基于为期 5 个月的深入田野调查,本文有三方面的发现:1) 世界遗产的申报过程受到政治和选择性的显著影响;2) 不同的利益相关者在遗产叙事的形成过程中起着关键作用;3) 个人对遗产创造的贡献直接与 "规模"--一个同时具有话语性和有形性的实体--相互作用,并随之重塑 "规模"。通过将 "规模 "的概念纳入遗产讨论,我们揭示了两个并行的过程:通过在内部解释联合国教科文组织的标准,以规则同化的方式创建等级制度;以及通过资源操纵、规模跳跃和规模再现等个人能动性的体现,发展社会空间动态。这种方法与人文地理学的物质导向相一致,并重新定位了 "尺度"。在这里,它不仅是一个认识论框架,也是一种有形的力量,引导着个人的观念和行动,并产生可衡量的物质影响。
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引用次数: 0
Approaches to sustaining people–place bonds in conservation planning: from value-based, living heritage, to the glocal community 在保护规划中维持人地关系的方法:从基于价值的活遗产到地方社区
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00121-8
Yueyi Chen, Yi-Wen Wang
This review paper explores approaches to sustaining the enduring connection between communities and heritage places in conservation planning. Amidst global overtourism, the gradual outmigration and sudden displacement of local communities from heritage places disrupt not only physical ties between people and places but also shared traditions, memories and emotional bonds. These intangible qualities constitute the social dimension of heritage and are pivotal to its cultural significance. However, existing conservation approaches to safeguarding this social dimension often rely on the continued presence of local communities, which may yield limited effectiveness in restoring people–place bonds amidst challenges posed by overtourism and displacement. This review unpacks the term ‘social value’ within the framework of value-based assessment and progresses towards a dynamic conception of ‘sense of place’. In response to the changing social composition of ‘local communities’ at heritage places, this review examines approaches for conserving the social dimension of heritage, aiming to sustain the enduring continuity of people–place bonding. It proposes a broader definition of ‘sense of place’ that transcends the preconceived notion of stakeholder groups as a geographically defined community and suggests leveraging digital social platforms to re-establish these bonds. The review concludes by advocating for the ‘glocal community’ approach, acknowledging the personal emotional connections that individuals form with a heritage place regardless of their places of residence. This approach has the potential to complement existing methods, such as value-based assessment and the living heritage approach, which are commonly practised in contemporary conservation efforts.
本综述文件探讨了在保护规划中维持社区与遗产地之间持久联系的方法。在全球过度旅游的背景下,当地社区逐渐迁出遗产地或突然离开遗产地,这不仅破坏了人与遗产地之间的物质联系,也破坏了共同的传统、记忆和情感纽带。这些非物质品质构成了遗产的社会维度,对其文化意义至关重要。然而,现有的保护社会维度的方法往往依赖于当地社区的继续存在,在过度旅游和流离失所带来的挑战中,这种方法在恢复人与地方的联系方面可能效果有限。本综述在以价值为基础的评估框架内解读了 "社会价值 "一词,并逐步形成了 "地方感 "的动态概念。为应对遗产地 "当地社区 "不断变化的社会构成,本综述探讨了保护遗产的社会维度的方法,旨在维持人与地方之间纽带的持久连续性。它对 "地方感 "提出了一个更广泛的定义,超越了利益相关者群体作为一个地理上界定的社区的先入为主的概念,并建议利用数字社交平台来重建这些联系。综述最后提倡 "全域社区 "方法,承认个人与遗产地形成的情感联系,无论其居住地在哪里。这种方法有可能补充现有的方法,如当代保护工作中普遍采用的基于价值的评估和活遗产方法。
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引用次数: 0
Territorial heritage gentrification in Abdali in Amman, Jordan 约旦安曼 Abdali 的领土遗产城市化
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00120-9
Rama Al Rabady
Having established itself as a heritage discourse, planetary gentrification is being studied in terms of how it operates in the Global South. This study focuses on the case of Abdali Amman, a significant mixed-use neighbourhood in Jordan that has experienced numerous mega-gentrification initiatives. According to Bourdieu’s theories of the state and dispositional practices, this study critically evaluates urban gentrification practices. In terms of gentrification governance, which takes place in two adjacent ‘state’ and ‘civic’ zones inside the Abdali district, this study analyses the interactions between transnational and state actors and the intragovernmental (state-municipality) governance system. Gentrification in Amman is connected to the revitalisation of historic sites, is a matter of urban governance, and operates from the transnational sphere along national and local lines. Furthermore, gentrification is caught in a desire/resistance paradox with calls for legitimacy and recognition. As a country in the Global South, Jordan has welcomed capitalist urbanisation. Gentrification is articulated within a flux between deterritorialisation/reterritorialisation, producing a form of ‘heritage gentrification’ in which history and national heritage are sacrificed through a process of satellite gentrification that is rooted in generative cultural transformation and governed by decentralised power structures. Introducing a Western blueprint of planetary gentrification through narrow gates into non-Western environments is a prevailing challenge.
地球绅士化已经成为一种遗产论述,人们正在研究它在全球南部是如何运作的。本研究以约旦安曼阿卜杜拉利为案例,这是约旦一个重要的多功能社区,经历了无数次大型绅士化活动。根据布迪厄的国家和处置实践理论,本研究对城市绅士化实践进行了批判性评估。就发生在阿卜达利区内两个相邻的 "国家 "和 "公民 "区的绅士化治理而言,本研究分析了跨国和国家行为者与政府内部(国家-市政当局)治理系统之间的互动。安曼的 "绅士化 "与历史遗址的振兴有关,是一个城市治理问题,从跨国领域沿着国家和地方路线运作。此外,"绅士化 "还陷入了欲望/抵制的悖论,要求获得合法性和认可。作为全球南部的一个国家,约旦欢迎资本主义城市化。绅士化是在去领土化/去领土化之间的变化中形成的,产生了一种 "遗产绅士化 "形式,在这种形式中,历史和民族遗产通过卫星绅士化进程被牺牲掉,而卫星绅士化进程植根于文化转型,并由分散的权力结构管理。将西方的地球城市化蓝图通过狭窄的大门引入非西方环境是一个普遍的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the socio-cultural impact of urban revitalisation using Relative Positive Impact Index (RPII) 利用相对积极影响指数(RPII)评估城市振兴的社会文化影响
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00118-3
Shahim Abdurahiman, A. K. Kasthurba, Afifa Nuzhat
Urban heritage is a vital resource that connects communities to their local identity. Unplanned developments and rapid urbanisation often harm the authenticity of historic areas, disrupting the cultural fabric and altering their character. This study introduces the Relative Positive Impact Index (RPII), a novel technique for assessing the socio-cultural impacts of urban revitalisation. The significance of RPII lies in its ability to quantitatively evaluate the impacts on the cultural fabric and integrity of historic urban areas, which is crucial for sustainable urban development. The study’s objective is to apply RPII in evaluating qualitative socio-cultural characteristics in historic urban areas, with a focus on four main criteria and 16 sub-criteria, in the case of the Kuttichira precinct. The methodology integrates the analysis of published literature, a quantitative survey mapping the stakeholders’ perception, and qualitative insights. This approach facilitates an in-depth understanding of how urban revitalisation affects local socio-cultural dynamics, preserving the authenticity and character of historic areas. The study reveals that the revitalisation project in Kuttichira positively impacts the socio-cultural fabric of the area, maintaining cultural integrity and addressing social challenges. These findings offer valuable insights for sustainable urban development and policymaking in historic areas. The study recommends the application of RPII in other urban precincts for comparative analysis and further development of urban development practices, contributing to informed urban policy and planning decisions.
城市遗产是连接社区与地方特性的重要资源。无规划的开发和快速的城市化往往会损害历史区域的真实性,破坏其文化结构并改变其特征。本研究引入了相对积极影响指数(RPII),这是一种评估城市振兴对社会文化影响的新技术。RPII 的意义在于它能够定量评估对历史城区文化结构和完整性的影响,这对城市的可持续发展至关重要。本研究的目标是应用 RPII 对历史城区的社会文化特征进行定性评估,以库提奇拉街区为例,重点关注 4 项主要标准和 16 项次级标准。该方法综合了对已出版文献的分析、对利益相关者看法的定量调查以及定性见解。这种方法有助于深入了解城市振兴如何影响当地的社会文化动态,以及如何保护历史区域的真实性和特色。研究表明,库蒂奇拉的振兴项目对该地区的社会文化结构产生了积极影响,既保持了文化完整性,又应对了社会挑战。这些发现为历史区域的可持续城市发展和政策制定提供了宝贵的见解。研究建议在其他城市地区应用 RPII 进行比较分析,并进一步发展城市发展实践,为知情的城市政策和规划决策做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Emergent place-identity: place activation through the architectural restoration of a small Hakka household in the Hong Kong countryside 新出现的地方认同:通过修复香港乡村客家小户建筑激活地方认同
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00117-4
Jimmy Tsz-wai Ho
This paper discusses the cocreation of an emergent place-identity in a Hakka household in the Hong Kong countryside triggered by architectural restoration. Located in Kuk Po, a quintessential Hakka village that was established over 300 years ago, Yeung House was restored by the research team under a government-funded initiative to regenerate architectural values. Rebuilt in 1967, Yeung House has experienced decay and evolution over the years. It signifies the adaptive lifestyle of Hakka immigrants through its adapted siting, hybrid tectonics and modernised features. After restoration, Yeung House was repurposed into a base for education and research managed by the three house-owning villagers. Different activities were initiated by the villagers and coarranged by the research team. As a serendipitous outcome, the front yard of Yeung House has been activated into a multifunctional communal space. Subsequently, it is argued that a place-identity has emerged in Ng To and is influenced by the distinctiveness of the restored Yeung House and the continuity of the front yard. New meanings of the place have been created by the villagers through the practice of a potential, alternative lifestyle in the rural-urban parallel.
本文讨论了在香港乡郊的一个客家人家庭中,建筑修复引发的地方认同的共同创造。杨屋坐落于有 300 多年历史的典型客家村落--谷埔,由研究小组根据政府资助的建筑价值再生计划进行修复。杨屋重建于 1967 年,历经沧桑和演变。它通过调整选址、混合构造和现代化特征,体现了客家移民的适应性生活方式。修复后,杨屋被重新用作教育和研究基地,由三位拥有杨屋的村民管理。不同的活动由村民发起,由研究团队共同安排。一个偶然的结果是,杨屋的前院被激活,成为一个多功能的公共空间。随后,研究人员认为,受修复后的杨屋的独特性和前庭的连续性的影响,吴都出现了地方认同。村民们通过在城乡平行地带实践一种潜在的、另类的生活方式,创造了新的地方意义。
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引用次数: 0
Temples as centres of communal networks: a case study of South Lantau 作为社区网络中心的庙宇:南大屿山个案研究
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00114-7
Sidney C. H. Cheung, Alex W. H. Wong
In the countryside, where intensive rural development and rising property values have been observed since the late 1970s, the preservation and meaning of traditional dwellings have emerged as crucial considerations in shaping Hong Kong’s countryside conservation policy. The focus of this paper is on the conservation of temples, as we are drawn to these structures not only for their architectural merit but also for their role as public buildings within the countryside. Consequently, their cultural significance is heavily influenced by the stakeholders they are associated with, distinguishing them from other types of dwellings. This paper examines the coastal landscape of South Lantau, which includes several villages with distinct traditions that have undergone significant transformations since the 1960s. Located at the southwest edge of Hong Kong, Lantau Island had a rural lifestyle that was relatively undisturbed before WWII because of the difficulty in accessing the island. However, in response to the large people influx from China's mainland after 1949, the Hong Kong government introduced the Lantau Development Plan in 1953, mainly to open up new sources of freshwater resources for Hong Kong Island. The construction of South Lantau Road in 1955 and Shek Pik Reservoir in 1957 gradually led to the decline of agricultural activities in South Lantau and the population exodus of local villagers, resulting in a rupture to regional traditions. In multilineage communities such as the villages on South Lantau, worship of a common deity provides a vital source of social bonding, particularly for an area long beset by typhoons, piracy and banditry. Local people pray for safety and prosperity through collective rituals and celebratory activities. Therefore, temples are not only religious establishments but also embody the sense of social solidarity among villagers on South Lantau. Through the case study of three rural villages on South Lantau, this paper examines how temples play an important role in the continuity of the communal network amid repercussions from the postwar disruption of traditional rural life. Significantly, this pilot study also draws attention to the functions of temples in their historical context. It emphasises the importance of recognising and re-evaluating these buildings for cultural enhancement as part of community engagement. This study provides valuable insights for future conservation efforts for religious buildings in the countryside.
自上世纪七十年代末以来,香港的乡村发展日趋密集,物业价值不断上升,因此,在制定香港的乡村保育政策时,保存传统民居及其意义已成为重要的考虑因素。本文的重点是庙宇的保育,因为我们对这些建筑的兴趣不仅在于它们的建筑价值,还在于它们作为乡郊公共建筑的角色。因此,它们的文化意义在很大程度上受到与之相关的利益攸关方的影响,使其有别于其他类型的住宅。本文研究了大屿山南部的沿海景观,其中包括几个具有独特传统的村庄,这些村庄自 20 世纪 60 年代以来经历了重大变革。大屿山位于香港西南边缘,由于交通不便,二战前的乡村生活方式相对不受干扰。然而,为了应对 1949 年后从中国大陆涌入的大量人口,香港政府于 1953 年推出了大屿山发展计划,主要目的是为香港岛开辟新的淡水资源来源。1955 年兴建大屿山南路,1957 年兴建石壁水塘,逐渐导致大屿山南部农业活动减少,当地村民人口外流,造成地区传统的断裂。在大屿山南部村落这样的多层次社区中,对共同神灵的崇拜是社会凝聚力的重要来源,尤其是对于长期受台风、海盗和土匪活动困扰的地区而言。当地人通过集体仪式和庆祝活动祈求平安和繁荣。因此,庙宇不仅是宗教场所,也体现了南大屿山村民的社会团结意识。本文通过对南大屿山三个乡村的个案研究,探讨在战后传统乡村生活受到破坏的情况下,庙宇如何在延续社区网络方面发挥重要作用。值得注意的是,这项试点研究还提请人们注意寺庙在其历史背景下的功能。它强调了作为社区参与的一部分,认识和重新评估这些建筑以提升文化的重要性。这项研究为今后保护农村宗教建筑的工作提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Building typology of Albanian kulla stone houses in the Balkans 巴尔干地区阿尔巴尼亚库拉石屋的建筑类型
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00113-8
Florina Jerliu, Kaltrina Thaçi
This paper aims to establish a unified typology for the culturally significant kulla stone houses built in the cross-border region of Kosovo, Albania, and Montenegro during the 18th and 19th centuries. Despite some attempts at typological categorisation on the national level, a joint typology for this region currently needs to be improved. Based on existing literature and field research, the paper identifies the specificities of different geographical locations while validating the core attributes common to all typological variations. The findings suggest that the joint typological classification of kulla in the Balkans should primarily be based on architectural elements and, to some extent, setting, building materials and techniques, while functional composition is consistent across all types. The paper argues that defining a common typology for the Albanian kulla stone houses in the Balkans is crucial for evaluating, preserving, and developing kulla as serial properties and for their future regional development.
本文旨在为 18 世纪和 19 世纪期间在科索沃、阿尔巴尼亚和黑山跨境地区建造的具有重要文化意义的库拉石屋建立统一的类型学。尽管在国家层面上进行了一些类型分类尝试,但该地区的联合类型学目前仍有待改进。在现有文献和实地研究的基础上,本文确定了不同地理位置的特殊性,同时验证了所有类型学变体所共有的核心属性。研究结果表明,巴尔干地区库拉的联合类型学分类应主要基于建筑元素,并在一定程度上基于环境、建筑材料和技术,而所有类型的功能构成是一致的。本文认为,为巴尔干地区的阿尔巴尼亚库拉石屋定义一个共同的类型学,对于将库拉作为系列财产进行评估、保护和开发,以及库拉未来的区域发展至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the performance of urban heritage conservation projects – influencing factors, aspects and priority weights 评估城市遗产保护项目的绩效--影响因素、方面和优先权重
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00116-5
Sunena Abdul Huq, Bimal Puthuvayi
Heritage conservation in urban areas involves complex systems often faced with the dilemmas of maintaining the built form’s historical character, improving infrastructure, and managing development through stakeholder cooperation. At present, the performance of any conservation project is solely vested in conserving the built fabric. Evaluation tools for urban heritage conservation projects do not have provisions for measuring the subjective value of stakeholders who are part of the heritage setting. This study tries to identify and prioritise the factors that need to be considered when developing a conservation project performance assessment model for an urban heritage conservation project from the perspective of experts that can be further evaluated from the perspective of stakeholders. As these complex systems can be better viewed in the context of developing countries, the case of India is adopted. From a literature review, factors that contribute to the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project were identified and categorised into six aspects: the physical, social, economic, cultural, political, and continuity aspects. Through an expert survey, the factors that constituted each aspect were filtered using the feature selection method of correlation to avoid factors that may seem related. The factors under each aspect were ranked using a weighted average ranking method to identify the most prioritised factors determining the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project. The priority weights of the aspects were calculated using Saaty’s analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the cultural aspect was the most important aspect, followed by the continuity aspect. The social and physical aspects were prioritised similarly, followed by the economic and political aspects. This study is distinctive because it identifies the influential factors that can help develop a conservation project performance assessment model for an urban heritage conservation project.
城市地区的遗产保护涉及复杂的系统,往往面临着既要保持建筑形式的历史特征,又要改善基础设施,还要通过利益相关者的合作来管理发展的两难境地。目前,任何保护项目的绩效都只取决于对建筑结构的保护。城市遗产保护项目的评估工具中没有衡量遗产环境中利益相关者主观价值的规定。本研究试图从专家的角度为城市遗产保护项目开发一个保护项目绩效评估模型,并从利益相关者的角度对其进行进一步评估。由于从发展中国家的角度可以更好地审视这些复杂的系统,因此采用了印度的案例。通过文献综述,确定了影响城市遗产保护项目成果的因素,并将其分为六个方面:物质、社会、经济、文化、政治和连续性。通过专家调查,利用相关性特征选择法对构成各方面的因素进行了筛选,以避免出现看似相关的因素。采用加权平均排序法对每个方面的因素进行排序,以确定决定城市遗产保护项目结果的最优先因素。各方面的优先权重是通过萨蒂层次分析法计算得出的。结果表明,文化是最重要的因素,其次是连续性。社会和物质方面的优先权相似,其次是经济和政治方面。这项研究的独特之处在于,它确定了有助于为城市遗产保护项目开发保护项目绩效评估模型的影响因素。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections on the importance of built heritage inventory as a tool for preservation in Karachi–a case study of Wadhumal Odharam (Jail) Quarter in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 关于将建筑遗产清单作为卡拉奇保护工具的重要性的思考--巴基斯坦信德省卡拉奇市 Wadhumal Odharam(监狱)街区的案例研究
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-023-00112-1
Tania Ali Soomro
The cultural heritage inventory is an alternate tool to document historic buildings to establish a protected enlistment process. Recognising the importance of inventories for developing knowledge of historical and cultural patterns, multiple attempts are being made to record Karachi’s historic buildings in the form of inventory documents. This research investigates the various approaches used for inventorying Karachi’s cultural heritage and their potential impact on the survival of the city’s historical ensemble. As literature, this research provides a brief overview of Karachi’s architectural development before and after its annexation to the British Raj (Term used by scholars to represent the British Crown in India. The term ‘The Raj’ is also sometimes used.) (1843–1947), which is now considered the historic core of the city of Karachi, together with the systems of inventorying the built heritage over time. Wadhumal Odharam (Jail) Quarter is shortlisted as a case study for this research, which will be examined from the perspective of inventory making in relation to its specific physical and sociocultural context as documented through the inventorying process. The Quarter is also referred to as ‘Jail Quarter’ because of the presence of the Jail building within the Quarter precinct, which was demolished during the British era; it is discussed in further detail later in this article. The research approach follows a survey of the quarter conducted between August and September 2022, followed by a mapping of the historic properties. The inventory mapping of the Quarter is performed by using an available database (Database of various historic Quarters of Karachi by Heritage Cell-DAPNED). The data for inventory also helps provide an understanding of the history and development of the area. The other aspects of the research methodology include intreating questions and collecting data about various aspects of the Quarter, such as the building information, photographic documentation of the properties, and analysis of the present conservation status based on inventory mapping. Moreover, this study also suggests that inventorying aided the enlistment process for the Quarter under the Sindh Cultural Heritage Preservation Act 1994 (SCHPA), which was first implemented in 1997 and again in 2011 until 2021. The protected status helped stop the illicit demolitions; however, vandalism continued in many forms, for instance, the need-based alterations relying on the ever-increasing population, upgradation of the building bylaws, inadequate heritage legislation and its enforcement.
文化遗产清单是记录历史建筑的另一种工具,目的是建立一个受保护的登记程序。由于认识到清查工作对于了解历史和文化模式的重要性,目前正在进行多种尝试,以清查文件的形式记录卡拉奇的历史建筑。本研究调查了用于编制卡拉奇文化遗产清单的各种方法及其对该市历史建筑群存续的 潜在影响。作为文献资料,本研究简要概述了卡拉奇并入英国王室(学者们使用的术语,代表在印度的英国王室。有时也使用 "The Raj "一词。)(1843-1947 年),现在被认为是卡拉奇市的历史核心区,同时还包括随着时间的推移对建筑遗产进行清点的系统。Wadhumal Odharam(监狱)街区被选为本研究的一个案例,我们将从清单编制的角度,结合清单编制过程中记录的具体物质和社会文化背景,对其进行研究。该区也被称为 "监狱区",因为在该区范围内有一座在英国时期被拆除的监狱建筑;本文稍后将对此进行详细讨论。研究方法是在 2022 年 8 月至 9 月期间对该区进行调查,然后绘制历史遗产地图。该街区的清查制图是利用现有数据库(由遗产单元--DAPNED 提供的卡拉奇各历史街区数据库)进行的。清查数据还有助于了解该地区的历史和发展。研究方法的其他方面包括就街区的各个方面提出问题和收集数据,如建筑信息、财产的摄影记录以及根据清查制图对目前的保护状况进行分析。此外,这项研究还表明,清查工作有助于根据 1994 年《信德省文化遗产保护法》(SCHPA)对 Quarter 进行登记,该法于 1997 年首次实施,并于 2011 年再次实施,直至 2021 年。受保护的地位有助于制止非法拆毁行为;然而,破坏行为仍以多种形式存在,例如,根据不断增加的人口、建筑细则的升级、遗产立法及其执行不力等需要进行的改建。
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引用次数: 0
Comments on ‘historical imaginaries, historic urban branding, and the local state in China: rejuvenation discourse, manufactured heritage and simulacrascapes’ by Andrew Malcolm law 就安德鲁-马尔科姆-罗(Andrew Malcolm law)的 "中国的历史想象、历史性城市品牌和地方国家:复兴话语、人造遗产和模拟景观 "发表评论
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1186/s43238-024-00115-6
Junjie Su

Andrew Malcolm Law’s intervention article, ‘Historical imaginaries, historic urban branding, and the local state in China: rejuvenation discourse, manufactured heritage and simulacrascapes’, presents an interdisciplinary discussion on the construction, in terms of imaginaries and branding, of Chinese historic cities through an investigation of the development and interpretation of the discourse of Chinese national rejuvenation. This article closely examines heritage in Xi’an, China, although the findings and implications may also be relevant to other historic cities/towns in China, which would invite additional studies on both the discourse and practices related to heritage cities in China and across the world.

The most obvious contribution of this article is that Law applies a critical discourse analysis of the origin, development and implications of the discourse of rejuvenation through the lens of historical imaginaries and branding. Critical discourse analysis is a basic analytical method adopted in the emerging field of critical heritage studies worldwide over the past 20 years or more (Smith 2006; Winter and Waterton 2013). In the seminal work by Laurajane Smith (2006), the concept of ‘authorised heritage discourse’ (AHD) was proposed to reveal and critique the existence of a powerful discourse held by international professional organisations regarding the recognition, authentication, protection, interpretation, and commodification of heritage. AHD has therefore become a popular theoretical frame in critical studies on the making of heritage in various social aspects.

In the present article, ‘the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation’ can be understood as an AHD that has been manipulating the policies, practices and assessments of heritage enterprises in China since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2017. Law elaborates on the origin and development of the discourse of rejuvenation, which evolved from an idea of the literati to a nationwide political agenda and then to a political discourse with great influence on heritage policy-making (Svensson and Maags 2018). In this way, rejuvenation can be understood as an AHD. Nevertheless, the idea of AHD, as well as the influences of the discourse of rejuvenation on heritage policies/politics in China, have not been discussed.

Additional research is needed on AHD in China, as some investigations there indicate that that the country’s AHD is diversified and stratified from the national to the local level (Su 2020). This means that the implementation of the discourse of rejuvenation can also be accommodated and therefore localised in China. More research is needed to determine how the national discourse on rejuvenation has been understood and implemented in local heritage discourses and practices. Within critical heritage studies, practice is another key concept to look at, as practice and discourse are interrelated. Therefore, a comprehensive under

参见相关详细文章:《国家文物事业 "十四五 "规划》(https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-11/08/content_5649764.htm)、《国务院关于非物质文化遗产保护的意见》(https://www.gov.cn/govweb/zhengce/2021-08/12/content_5630974.htm.See)、《"五位一体 "规划》(https://www.12371.cn/2013/05/10/ARTI1368184054375142.shtml?from=groupmessage.AHD:authorised)、《遗产话语》(Ai, J.W. 2012)。"取其精华,去其糟粕":1990 年后中国领导人对文化传统的态度》。In Routledge handbook of heritage in Asia, edited by P. Daly and T. Winter, 129-138.New York:Cohen,E. and S. A. Cohen.2012.Authentication:Hot and cool.旅游研究年鉴 39 (3):1295-1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.03.004.Khalaf, R. W. 2021.Continuity:A fundamental yet overlooked concept in world heritage policy and practice.International Journal of Cultural Policy 27 (1):https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2019.1696782.Ludwig, C., and L. Walton.2020.Introduction: (un) authorised heritage discourse and practice in China.In The Heritage turn in China:The reinvention, dissemination and consumption of heritage, edited by C. Ludwig and L. Walton, 15-35.阿姆斯特丹大学出版社:Smith, L. 2006.遗产的用途》。New York:Book Google Scholar Sofield, T. H. B., and F. M. S. Li.1998.中国的旅游发展与文化政策》。旅游研究年鉴 25 (2):362-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00092-3.Su, J. 2020.旅游背景下的非物质文化遗产管理:中国官员的观点.Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 18 (2):164-186.Su, J., and H. Chen.2018.China:文化遗产管理》。In Encyclopedia of global archaeology, edited by C. Smith.Springer Cham.Svensson, M., and C. Maags.2018.Svensson, M., and C. Maags:Ruptures, Governmentality, and Agency.In Chinese Heritage in the Making:C. Maags 和 M. Svensson 编辑,11-38。阿姆斯特丹,阿姆斯特丹大学出版社:https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt2204rz8.4.Wang, J. 2019.Relational heritage sovereignty:Authorization, territorialization and the making of the silk roads.Territory, Politics, Governance 7 (2):200-216.Article Google Scholar Winter, T., and E. Waterton.2013.Editorial:Critical heritage studies.International Journal of Heritage Studies 19 (6):529-531.Article Google Scholar Download references I would like to thank the Executive Editor of Built Heritage, Prof. Jun Wang at City University of Hong Kong.Notes of authorJunjie Su holds a PhD from the Cultural Heritage Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Deakin University, Australia.他是中国云南大学民族学与社会学学院副教授、云南省非物质文化遗产研究基地主任。他还是国际古迹遗址理事会国际非物质文化遗产委员会的专家成员。他的研究兴趣包括文化遗产、遗产旅游、博物馆和艺术管理、文化和创意产业以及遗产社会学。他的最新著作是《中国的非物质文化遗产与旅游》:国家社科基金项目 "当代中国非物质文化遗产保护与利用的新思路与新方法"(19BMZ069)。作者及单位云南省昆明市翠湖北路2号云南大学民族学与社会学学院,云南 昆明 650091苏俊杰作者简介苏俊杰查看作者发表的论文您也可以在PubMed Google Scholar中搜索该作者投稿作者阅读并批准了最终稿件通讯作者通讯作者:苏俊杰。开放获取本文采用知识共享署名 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可,该协议允许以任何媒介或格式使用、共享、改编、分发和复制,只要您适当注明原作者和来源,提供知识共享许可协议的链接,并说明是否进行了修改。本文中的图片或其他第三方材料均包含在文章的知识共享许可协议中,除非在材料的署名栏中另有说明。如果材料未包含在文章的知识共享许可协议中,且您打算使用的材料不符合法律规定或超出许可使用范围,您需要直接从版权所有者处获得许可。要查看此许可的副本,请访问 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Reprints and permissionsCite this articleSu, J.
{"title":"Comments on ‘historical imaginaries, historic urban branding, and the local state in China: rejuvenation discourse, manufactured heritage and simulacrascapes’ by Andrew Malcolm law","authors":"Junjie Su","doi":"10.1186/s43238-024-00115-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43238-024-00115-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Andrew Malcolm Law’s intervention article, ‘Historical imaginaries, historic urban branding, and the local state in China: rejuvenation discourse, manufactured heritage and simulacrascapes’, presents an interdisciplinary discussion on the construction, in terms of imaginaries and branding, of Chinese historic cities through an investigation of the development and interpretation of the discourse of Chinese national rejuvenation. This article closely examines heritage in Xi’an, China, although the findings and implications may also be relevant to other historic cities/towns in China, which would invite additional studies on both the discourse and practices related to heritage cities in China and across the world.</p><p>The most obvious contribution of this article is that Law applies a critical discourse analysis of the origin, development and implications of the discourse of rejuvenation through the lens of historical imaginaries and branding. Critical discourse analysis is a basic analytical method adopted in the emerging field of critical heritage studies worldwide over the past 20 years or more (Smith 2006; Winter and Waterton 2013). In the seminal work by Laurajane Smith (2006), the concept of ‘authorised heritage discourse’ (AHD) was proposed to reveal and critique the existence of a powerful discourse held by international professional organisations regarding the recognition, authentication, protection, interpretation, and commodification of heritage. AHD has therefore become a popular theoretical frame in critical studies on the making of heritage in various social aspects.</p><p>In the present article, ‘the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation’ can be understood as an AHD that has been manipulating the policies, practices and assessments of heritage enterprises in China since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2017. Law elaborates on the origin and development of the discourse of rejuvenation, which evolved from an idea of the literati to a nationwide political agenda and then to a political discourse with great influence on heritage policy-making (Svensson and Maags 2018). In this way, rejuvenation can be understood as an AHD. Nevertheless, the idea of AHD, as well as the influences of the discourse of rejuvenation on heritage policies/politics in China, have not been discussed.</p><p>Additional research is needed on AHD in China, as some investigations there indicate that that the country’s AHD is diversified and stratified from the national to the local level (Su 2020). This means that the implementation of the discourse of rejuvenation can also be accommodated and therefore localised in China. More research is needed to determine how the national discourse on rejuvenation has been understood and implemented in local heritage discourses and practices. Within critical heritage studies, practice is another key concept to look at, as practice and discourse are interrelated. Therefore, a comprehensive under","PeriodicalId":33925,"journal":{"name":"Built Heritage","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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