Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-7
O. Buchinskaia
The paper presents an overview of a monograph prepared by a team of scholars representing the Ural school of regional economics, which was created under the leadership of Evgeny Animitsa and is based in the Ural State University of Economics. Methodologically, the monograph relies on a wide range of approaches in the fields of philosophy of science, regional economics, economic geography, urban studies, finance. The main research method is content analysis of achievements in regional economics and related branches of science. The review examines interrelations between the development directions of the Ural school of thought and general global trends in regional economics and reveals the specificities of the Ural science. The synopsis of the monograph’s key chapters allows evaluating the contribution of the authors into the new ideas linked both with the theoretical consideration of the current economic situation and the state-of-the-art applied research into the economy of regions, agglomerations, cities. The paper outlines a number of controversial issues concerning the fallouts of ongoing economic reforms: the possibility of emergence and the focus of synergistic effects; problems of training research personnel and reforming the system of vocational education at regional level; development of impact investment system; formation of urban agglomerations and location of productive forces in regions. Particular emphasis is put on the social orientation and comprehensive development of regional economy by supporting the well-being economy. The review demonstrates that the research of the Ural school of regional economics clusters around the major problems of science, and in some cases is ahead of world academic achievements.
{"title":"Development of paradigmatic ideas in the domestic regional economics by Evgeny Animitsa et al.","authors":"O. Buchinskaia","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an overview of a monograph prepared by a team of scholars representing the Ural school of regional economics, which was created under the leadership of Evgeny Animitsa and is based in the Ural State University of Economics. Methodologically, the monograph relies on a wide range of approaches in the fields of philosophy of science, regional economics, economic geography, urban studies, finance. The main research method is content analysis of achievements in regional economics and related branches of science. The review examines interrelations between the development directions of the Ural school of thought and general global trends in regional economics and reveals the specificities of the Ural science. The synopsis of the monograph’s key chapters allows evaluating the contribution of the authors into the new ideas linked both with the theoretical consideration of the current economic situation and the state-of-the-art applied research into the economy of regions, agglomerations, cities. The paper outlines a number of controversial issues concerning the fallouts of ongoing economic reforms: the possibility of emergence and the focus of synergistic effects; problems of training research personnel and reforming the system of vocational education at regional level; development of impact investment system; formation of urban agglomerations and location of productive forces in regions. Particular emphasis is put on the social orientation and comprehensive development of regional economy by supporting the well-being economy. The review demonstrates that the research of the Ural school of regional economics clusters around the major problems of science, and in some cases is ahead of world academic achievements.","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41636103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-6
G. Zhurukhin, A. Mokronosov, I. Illarionov
Current regulations in the field of social services do not allow meeting the requirements of the state standard in terms of pooling and allocating necessary resources objectively. The research aims to create a model of regional information system according an algorithm, which assumes developing a five-level classifier of social services, identifying typological groups of services providers, and applying an industry-average cost of homogeneous services. This model serves a basis for automated formation of norms that guarantee the quality of social service required by the standard. The research methodology rests on the theory of public goods and institutional economics. The methods include structural, normative, and comparative analysis. The data comes from statistical, accounting, and analytical reporting of the social welfare institutions of the Sverdlovsk oblast. Creation and practical implementation of the suggested model of digitalisation of the processes related to the development of normative regulatory measures permitted the authors to customise the existing method of formation of normative regulators of the services quality in line with the preferences of individual consumers; to ensure completeness, accuracy, and timeliness of substantiating the expenditures for fulfilling the state task by social welfare institutions and autonomous non-profit organisations of social service. The findings contribute to the research of the systemic effects of the product, spatial, and time customisation of the social welfare system
{"title":"Fair cost standards for social services","authors":"G. Zhurukhin, A. Mokronosov, I. Illarionov","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-6","url":null,"abstract":"Current regulations in the field of social services do not allow meeting the requirements of the state standard in terms of pooling and allocating necessary resources objectively. The research aims to create a model of regional information system according an algorithm, which assumes developing a five-level classifier of social services, identifying typological groups of services providers, and applying an industry-average cost of homogeneous services. This model serves a basis for automated formation of norms that guarantee the quality of social service required by the standard. The research methodology rests on the theory of public goods and institutional economics. The methods include structural, normative, and comparative analysis. The data comes from statistical, accounting, and analytical reporting of the social welfare institutions of the Sverdlovsk oblast. Creation and practical implementation of the suggested model of digitalisation of the processes related to the development of normative regulatory measures permitted the authors to customise the existing method of formation of normative regulators of the services quality in line with the preferences of individual consumers; to ensure completeness, accuracy, and timeliness of substantiating the expenditures for fulfilling the state task by social welfare institutions and autonomous non-profit organisations of social service. The findings contribute to the research of the systemic effects of the product, spatial, and time customisation of the social welfare system","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42036162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-5
A. Shcherbakov
The socioeconomic development of society goes hand in hand with accumulation and enhancement of human capital, yet many of the issues concerning its assessment are still subject to research. At present, human capital is estimated with the help of abstract models that indirectly assess its possessors based on statistical and actual measurements. Such models are applicable at macro level and to a certain extent at meso level, though cannot be used at microlevel. By contrast, factual models assess directly the possessors of human capital and allow for individual economic, physiological, sociological, psychological indicators. The research aims to identify the prerequisites for designing and create a factual model for human capital assessment. Methodologically, the study rests on the human capital theory and labour economics. To examine the World Bank’s statistics, the study applied a set of general scientific methods: comparative analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, modelling, the mathematical method. The paper proposes a factual assessment model that allows digitizing the value of human capital, both general and special, based on a set of 56 indicators and sub-measurements. Its distinctive feature is a comprehensive consideration of all components of human capital: physiological, cognitive, social and emotional. The model puts emphasis on the measurement of social and emotional component with the use of a social psychological test and a comparative index of achievements and penalties received by an employee at a previous job. The results of applying the proposed model are consistent with the estimates obtained within the framework of generally accepted cost measurements, and can be used at the micro level both by individual businesses and households.
{"title":"Factual models for human capital assessment","authors":"A. Shcherbakov","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"The socioeconomic development of society goes hand in hand with accumulation and enhancement of human capital, yet many of the issues concerning its assessment are still subject to research. At present, human capital is estimated with the help of abstract models that indirectly assess its possessors based on statistical and actual measurements. Such models are applicable at macro level and to a certain extent at meso level, though cannot be used at microlevel. By contrast, factual models assess directly the possessors of human capital and allow for individual economic, physiological, sociological, psychological indicators. The research aims to identify the prerequisites for designing and create a factual model for human capital assessment. Methodologically, the study rests on the human capital theory and labour economics. To examine the World Bank’s statistics, the study applied a set of general scientific methods: comparative analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, modelling, the mathematical method. The paper proposes a factual assessment model that allows digitizing the value of human capital, both general and special, based on a set of 56 indicators and sub-measurements. Its distinctive feature is a comprehensive consideration of all components of human capital: physiological, cognitive, social and emotional. The model puts emphasis on the measurement of social and emotional component with the use of a social psychological test and a comparative index of achievements and penalties received by an employee at a previous job. The results of applying the proposed model are consistent with the estimates obtained within the framework of generally accepted cost measurements, and can be used at the micro level both by individual businesses and households.","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-3
I. Deren, Kseniya Samofatova
Lately, the demand for long-term care for the elderly as well as the requirements to its quality have been increasing worldwide. The annual growth in the volume of state investment in the system of long-term care for the elderly generates multiplier effects for the development of certain types of activities in the services sector. The article aims to devise a method for calculating these effects. The methodological basis of the study is the Keynesian multiplier and institutional theory. Statistical and economic methods are applied. The paper performs calculations using the own method based on the Keynesian approach and including a system of linear equations. The data comes from twelve pilot social welfare institutions of the Stavropol krai (Russia). The authors formulate the own definitions to the concepts “multiplier effect in the long-term care system” and “multiplier of the development of the long-term care system (for services)”. According to the results of testing the suggested method, the annual increase in state investment funds allocated for the long-term care system leads to an increase in the expenditures of pilot institutions on various types of services (transport, utilities, education, communications, catering, cultural events, health resort treatment). The findings expand theoretical and practical knowledge about the peculiarities of determining the multiplier effect.
{"title":"The multiplier effect from the development of a long-term care system for elderly citizens","authors":"I. Deren, Kseniya Samofatova","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Lately, the demand for long-term care for the elderly as well as the requirements to its quality have been increasing worldwide. The annual growth in the volume of state investment in the system of long-term care for the elderly generates multiplier effects for the development of certain types of activities in the services sector. The article aims to devise a method for calculating these effects. The methodological basis of the study is the Keynesian multiplier and institutional theory. Statistical and economic methods are applied. The paper performs calculations using the own method based on the Keynesian approach and including a system of linear equations. The data comes from twelve pilot social welfare institutions of the Stavropol krai (Russia). The authors formulate the own definitions to the concepts “multiplier effect in the long-term care system” and “multiplier of the development of the long-term care system (for services)”. According to the results of testing the suggested method, the annual increase in state investment funds allocated for the long-term care system leads to an increase in the expenditures of pilot institutions on various types of services (transport, utilities, education, communications, catering, cultural events, health resort treatment). The findings expand theoretical and practical knowledge about the peculiarities of determining the multiplier effect.","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-2
E. Balatsky, N. Ekimova
The geopolitical turbulence and the implementation of large-scale international sanctions dictate the need to assess the degree of readiness of the states to a longterm civilisational confrontation. The article aims to construct and test a new analytical tool – antifragility index of the national economy. Methodologically, the research is based on the idea that in the presence of several industries, the national economy obtains a functional foundation and a possibility to exist autonomously in conditions of disrupted international trade relations. To put this idea into practice, the article proposes a heuristic algorithm for constructing an antifragility index of the economy taking into account the priority of such industries as agriculture, pharmaceuticals industry, production of means of labour, and mineral extraction. Based on the national statistics of eight states – the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Brazil and Russia – the paper presents pilot calculations of the index. According to the results, only Russia’s index showed an upward trend in 2003–2020, while in the other seven countries it went down. The antifragility index is shown to have an ability to capture the peculiarities of political cycles and event shocks in the world economy. The research provides empirical evidence that the change of the leading country, amongst other things, is associated with the accumulation of structural disproportions in the economy: the weakening of its foundation made up of vital industries and excessive complication of the industrial superstructure in the form of the non-productive sphere. The paper proposes scaling up the constructed index to a broader sample of countries in order to clarify the regional disposition of forces in the global geopolitical space.
{"title":"Antifragility of the national economy: A heuristic assessment","authors":"E. Balatsky, N. Ekimova","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"The geopolitical turbulence and the implementation of large-scale international sanctions dictate the need to assess the degree of readiness of the states to a longterm civilisational confrontation. The article aims to construct and test a new analytical tool – antifragility index of the national economy. Methodologically, the research is based on the idea that in the presence of several industries, the national economy obtains a functional foundation and a possibility to exist autonomously in conditions of disrupted international trade relations. To put this idea into practice, the article proposes a heuristic algorithm for constructing an antifragility index of the economy taking into account the priority of such industries as agriculture, pharmaceuticals industry, production of means of labour, and mineral extraction. Based on the national statistics of eight states – the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Brazil and Russia – the paper presents pilot calculations of the index. According to the results, only Russia’s index showed an upward trend in 2003–2020, while in the other seven countries it went down. The antifragility index is shown to have an ability to capture the peculiarities of political cycles and event shocks in the world economy. The research provides empirical evidence that the change of the leading country, amongst other things, is associated with the accumulation of structural disproportions in the economy: the weakening of its foundation made up of vital industries and excessive complication of the industrial superstructure in the form of the non-productive sphere. The paper proposes scaling up the constructed index to a broader sample of countries in order to clarify the regional disposition of forces in the global geopolitical space.","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-4
Daria Starovatova
Scholarly literature on the economic consequences of robotisation at the microeconomic level often does not take into account the pronounced digital gap between small and medium-sized businesses and large ones. In this regard, theoretical and real estimates may differ for companies of different sizes. The article studies the relationship between robotisation and labour productivity in the Russian industry in the context of size groups of companies. Methodologically, the study relies on the theory of the firm and economic theories explaining the essence of labour productivity and methods for evaluating it. The research analyses the data about 725 Russian industrial enterprises for 2017 using the methods of regression modeling. The data was obtained in the course of the fundamental research programme at the HSE University. According to the results, only small and medium-sized enterprises have a significant and reliable relationship between the introduction of robots and labour productivity. Probably due to the complexity of business processes, large businesses need deeper and more elaborate robotisation to gain labour productivity benefits. The calculations also demonstrate a negative relationship between exports and labour productivity in large companies, which contradicts the ‘classical’ ideas about the impact of export activities on the efficiency indicators. This may indicate that the high labour productivity of a considerable part of large Russian enterprises proceeds from their monopoly position in domestic markets, while formally less productive companies, which do not occupy dominant positions, appear to be competitive and motivated enough to enter foreign markets. The findings can be useful for the leadership of enterprises, especially that of SMEs, for the managerial decision-making in terms of increasing productivity, in particular, through robotisation of production.
{"title":"The relationship between robots and labour productivity: Does business scale matter?","authors":"Daria Starovatova","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarly literature on the economic consequences of robotisation at the microeconomic level often does not take into account the pronounced digital gap between small and medium-sized businesses and large ones. In this regard, theoretical and real estimates may differ for companies of different sizes. The article studies the relationship between robotisation and labour productivity in the Russian industry in the context of size groups of companies. Methodologically, the study relies on the theory of the firm and economic theories explaining the essence of labour productivity and methods for evaluating it. The research analyses the data about 725 Russian industrial enterprises for 2017 using the methods of regression modeling. The data was obtained in the course of the fundamental research programme at the HSE University. According to the results, only small and medium-sized enterprises have a significant and reliable relationship between the introduction of robots and labour productivity. Probably due to the complexity of business processes, large businesses need deeper and more elaborate robotisation to gain labour productivity benefits. The calculations also demonstrate a negative relationship between exports and labour productivity in large companies, which contradicts the ‘classical’ ideas about the impact of export activities on the efficiency indicators. This may indicate that the high labour productivity of a considerable part of large Russian enterprises proceeds from their monopoly position in domestic markets, while formally less productive companies, which do not occupy dominant positions, appear to be competitive and motivated enough to enter foreign markets. The findings can be useful for the leadership of enterprises, especially that of SMEs, for the managerial decision-making in terms of increasing productivity, in particular, through robotisation of production.","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44534550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-5
O. Eremeeva, L. Mochalova
One problem about developing circular economy in the mineral resources sector is the absence of a methodological approach to forming an organisational economic mechanism for circular subsoil use in Russia and its regions which specialise in the extraction of minerals. The paper aims to create such an approach. The concept of circular economy and theoretical propositions of natural resources economics and environmental management constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods include analysis, synthesis, and inductive reasoning. The paper justifies the application of the terms “organisational economic mechanism”, “circular subsoil use”, and “organisational economic mechanism of circular subsoil use” and provides them with definitions. Then, the article identifies organisational, legal and economic factors affecting the organisational economic mechanism, as well as formulates principles of balancing it and ensuring its efficiency. Proceeding from these factors and principles the authors justify their selection of tools: 1) organisational and managerial ones targeted at forming, regulating, and coordinating the activities of circular processes’ participants; 2) economic ones that create material incentives for developing circular economy in the subsoil use. According to the research results, there are two groups of indicators showing the effectiveness of using these tools: general economic (macroand meso-) and commercial (microeconomic) indicators. The developed methodology allows ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the state management of secondary resources and waste generated by mineral extraction.
{"title":"Organisational economic mechanism of circular subsoil use","authors":"O. Eremeeva, L. Mochalova","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"One problem about developing circular economy in the mineral resources sector is the absence of a methodological approach to forming an organisational economic mechanism for circular subsoil use in Russia and its regions which specialise in the extraction of minerals. The paper aims to create such an approach. The concept of circular economy and theoretical propositions of natural resources economics and environmental management constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods include analysis, synthesis, and inductive reasoning. The paper justifies the application of the terms “organisational economic mechanism”, “circular subsoil use”, and “organisational economic mechanism of circular subsoil use” and provides them with definitions. Then, the article identifies organisational, legal and economic factors affecting the organisational economic mechanism, as well as formulates principles of balancing it and ensuring its efficiency. Proceeding from these factors and principles the authors justify their selection of tools: 1) organisational and managerial ones targeted at forming, regulating, and coordinating the activities of circular processes’ participants; 2) economic ones that create material incentives for developing circular economy in the subsoil use. According to the research results, there are two groups of indicators showing the effectiveness of using these tools: general economic (macroand meso-) and commercial (microeconomic) indicators. The developed methodology allows ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the state management of secondary resources and waste generated by mineral extraction.","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47556368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-1
O. Sukharev
The quality of existing rules, as well as their change, impacts on economic growth. Meanwhile, numerous scientific contributions paint a very truncated picture of this influence. The study aims to identify the relationship between institutional change, the quality of rules, and economic growth through the construction of a theoretical model. The theory of economic growth, North and Olson’s theory of institutional change as well as the author’s theory of malfunctions constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods include taxonomic analysis and modeling. The study demonstrates that the quality of institutions, and moreover, the institutional environment, can be assessed by measuring their malfunction, as well as using standard methods from the field of economics of quality. As a result, the paper grounds that in essence, both approaches are models of the quality of institutions, and therefore, the quality assessment itself can be to a certain degree inaccurate. At the same time, the study identifies two basic types of institutional change: those produced by the governing body (corrections) and those occurring spontaneously. A constraint on the rate of institutional change for economic growth is also obtained. In addition, the paper illustrates that the classical criteria for welfare assessment does not take into account the impact of these changes. This modifies the generally accepted approach in the field of welfare theory, turning the latter into an institutional theory. The final conclusion is that the policy of growth pursued in the conditions of changing institutions leads to even more unbalanced distribution of benefits between groups of economic agents, which imposes stricter requirements for institutional planning.
{"title":"Institutional change and the quality of rules in ensuring economic growth","authors":"O. Sukharev","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of existing rules, as well as their change, impacts on economic growth. Meanwhile, numerous scientific contributions paint a very truncated picture of this influence. The study aims to identify the relationship between institutional change, the quality of rules, and economic growth through the construction of a theoretical model. The theory of economic growth, North and Olson’s theory of institutional change as well as the author’s theory of malfunctions constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods include taxonomic analysis and modeling. The study demonstrates that the quality of institutions, and moreover, the institutional environment, can be assessed by measuring their malfunction, as well as using standard methods from the field of economics of quality. As a result, the paper grounds that in essence, both approaches are models of the quality of institutions, and therefore, the quality assessment itself can be to a certain degree inaccurate. At the same time, the study identifies two basic types of institutional change: those produced by the governing body (corrections) and those occurring spontaneously. A constraint on the rate of institutional change for economic growth is also obtained. In addition, the paper illustrates that the classical criteria for welfare assessment does not take into account the impact of these changes. This modifies the generally accepted approach in the field of welfare theory, turning the latter into an institutional theory. The final conclusion is that the policy of growth pursued in the conditions of changing institutions leads to even more unbalanced distribution of benefits between groups of economic agents, which imposes stricter requirements for institutional planning.","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44958867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-2
Yakov P. Silin, N. Novikova, Olesya V. Kharitonenko
The study of transformation processes in economies of various settlements, including those taking place in urban districts of a health resort type, still lacks a fullyformed methodology. There are no confirmed approaches and clear methods of cognition, which is a consequence of the uniqueness of such type of settlements. The difficulties of studying their structural and industrial transformation and specialisation, its stability / variability increase due to the need to build long time series of economic indicators, since only in such case the findings can be considered reliable. The paper aims to identify the processes of structural and industrial transformation in the economies of urban districts of a health resort type in the Republic of Crimea in different institutional contexts, as well as to justify the factors behind and conditions for occurring changes, and describe the ‘genetic code’ of the settlements of this type. Methodologically, the paper relies on the regional and municipal economics. The methods include various types of analysis, in particular, structural, time series, bibliometric and content analysis. The data comes from the Crimea’s socioeconomic statistics for 1935–2021. The ‘genetic code’ of the Crimea’s economy and resort towns located in its territory consists in the dominance of the health care sector due to the developed health resort activity, which is based on the use of unique natural treatment factors and resources. The findings indicate that this code remains stable despite changing institutional con texts unceasingly reshaped by the state geostrategic interests, the world geopolitical situation, and the political atmosphere in neighboring territories.
{"title":"Structural and industrial transformation of resort towns’ economies: The case of urban districts in the Republic of Crimea","authors":"Yakov P. Silin, N. Novikova, Olesya V. Kharitonenko","doi":"10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"The study of transformation processes in economies of various settlements, including those taking place in urban districts of a health resort type, still lacks a fullyformed methodology. There are no confirmed approaches and clear methods of cognition, which is a consequence of the uniqueness of such type of settlements. The difficulties of studying their structural and industrial transformation and specialisation, its stability / variability increase due to the need to build long time series of economic indicators, since only in such case the findings can be considered reliable. The paper aims to identify the processes of structural and industrial transformation in the economies of urban districts of a health resort type in the Republic of Crimea in different institutional contexts, as well as to justify the factors behind and conditions for occurring changes, and describe the ‘genetic code’ of the settlements of this type. Methodologically, the paper relies on the regional and municipal economics. The methods include various types of analysis, in particular, structural, time series, bibliometric and content analysis. The data comes from the Crimea’s socioeconomic statistics for 1935–2021. The ‘genetic code’ of the Crimea’s economy and resort towns located in its territory consists in the dominance of the health care sector due to the developed health resort activity, which is based on the use of unique natural treatment factors and resources. The findings indicate that this code remains stable despite changing institutional con texts unceasingly reshaped by the state geostrategic interests, the world geopolitical situation, and the political atmosphere in neighboring territories.","PeriodicalId":33954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-6
Mikhail A. Safarov
One element of human capital that determines the prospects of national economic growth is population health. This is a multivariate concept and therefore, there can be distortions in estimating its level depending on the chosen metrics. The efficiency of the health care system as an indirect indicator of a nation’s health is often measured through composite indicators of the medical service quality and accessibility. Nonetheless, in the conditions of limited resources such evaluation may not reflect the actual situation. The paper aims to discuss the problems related to the balance in the quality and accessibility of medical service in Russia. Methodologically, the research relies on classical macroeconomics. The method is the analysis of series of socioeconomic indicators collected from Russian statistics for 2012–2021. The findings point to the existence of a normative and positive approaches to measuring the efficiency of the health care system based on the composite evaluation of the two parameters: the medical service quality and accessibility. The authors prove that such methodological ideology is erroneous, and suggest evaluating relative indicators that illustrate the ratio between the two parameters. The case of one of such ratios – a relative evaluation of the number of physicians, hospital beds and diseases per group – allowed obtaining the assessment of the labour productivity. According to the conclusions, the accessibility of the medical service in Russia is decreasing, which however, does not lead to the improvement of its quality.
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