Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.37630
Ajanta Singh, U. Ranjitkar, Shreejana Singh
Introduction: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel corona virus outbreak a global pandemic on March 11 2020 due to its rapid spread on a global scale. Now the world is in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. More than 157289118 cases have been reported in 222 countries and mortality has reached a total of 3277272. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about COVID-19 virus, the disease its causes and how it spreads. Adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good practice are the only key to control the pandemic. This review aims to study the present level of knowledge, attitude and practice done among respondents in various countries. Methods: The review presents a summary of studies done on knowledge, attitude and practice during COVID-19 pandemic among the primary level students, graduate and post graduate students and the general population. Research articles were accessed through online search from November 2020 to April 2021. Collected articles were reviewed and conclusions were drawn in terms of knowledge score, attitude score and the level of practice. Results: The study population were from China, Nepal, India, Iraq, Bangladesh, Palestine, Nigeria, and Egypt. The population of study varies from primary level students to post graduate university level students and most of the studies were done on general population. Among the studies knowledge score ranged from minimum 48.3% in Bangladesh to highest 99.5% in Nigeria where knowledge was gained mainly through social media and television. The attitude score ranged from minimum 4.54 + 1.76 (Range 0 - 8) in Wuhan, China to maximum 79.5% in Nigeria. Similarly, the practice score ranged from 51.6% in Bangladesh to 87.9% in China. Conclusions: Analysis reveals that the level of knowledge was average, have positive attitude and good practices. Utility of knowledge and positive attitudes and application of knowledge into practice will hopefully can control the spread of COVID-19. Key Words: Attitude; Knowledge; Practice; Review
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on COVID During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ajanta Singh, U. Ranjitkar, Shreejana Singh","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.37630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.37630","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel corona virus outbreak a global pandemic on March 11 2020 due to its rapid spread on a global scale. Now the world is in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. More than 157289118 cases have been reported in 222 countries and mortality has reached a total of 3277272. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about COVID-19 virus, the disease its causes and how it spreads. Adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good practice are the only key to control the pandemic. This review aims to study the present level of knowledge, attitude and practice done among respondents in various countries.\u0000Methods: The review presents a summary of studies done on knowledge, attitude and practice during COVID-19 pandemic among the primary level students, graduate and post graduate students and the general population. Research articles were accessed through online search from November 2020 to April 2021. Collected articles were reviewed and conclusions were drawn in terms of knowledge score, attitude score and the level of practice. \u0000Results: The study population were from China, Nepal, India, Iraq, Bangladesh, Palestine, Nigeria, and Egypt. The population of study varies from primary level students to post graduate university level students and most of the studies were done on general population. Among the studies knowledge score ranged from minimum 48.3% in Bangladesh to highest 99.5% in Nigeria where knowledge was gained mainly through social media and television. The attitude score ranged from minimum 4.54 + 1.76 (Range 0 - 8) in Wuhan, China to maximum 79.5% in Nigeria. Similarly, the practice score ranged from 51.6% in Bangladesh to 87.9% in China.\u0000Conclusions: Analysis reveals that the level of knowledge was average, have positive attitude and good practices. Utility of knowledge and positive attitudes and application of knowledge into practice will hopefully can control the spread of COVID-19.\u0000Key Words: Attitude; Knowledge; Practice; Review","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43746876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.37950
S. Bhattarai
The COVID-19 pandemic which has swept the world since the start of 2020 is impacting day to day lives including contact lens wear too. Though the number of cases and deaths is growing continuously, the researchers have found no relationship between the contact lens use and COVID infection. There are specific eye disorders in children who require contact lens fitting rather than dispensing spectacles which include monocular paediatric aphakia, irregular astigmatism, anisometropia, unilateral ametropia, post trauma, aniridia, albinism, high refractive errors etc. So COVID-19 should not be a hindering factor for the fitting and assessment of contact lenses in children as till now SARS-CoV-2 viruses are rarely found in the tears of patients who have tested positive for the disease.
{"title":"Paediatric Contact Lens Fitting During COVID-19","authors":"S. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.37950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.37950","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic which has swept the world since the start of 2020 is impacting day to day lives including contact lens wear too. Though the number of cases and deaths is growing continuously, the researchers have found no relationship between the contact lens use and COVID infection. There are specific eye disorders in children who require contact lens fitting rather than dispensing spectacles which include monocular paediatric aphakia, irregular astigmatism, anisometropia, unilateral ametropia, post trauma, aniridia, albinism, high refractive errors etc. So COVID-19 should not be a hindering factor for the fitting and assessment of contact lenses in children as till now SARS-CoV-2 viruses are rarely found in the tears of patients who have tested positive for the disease.","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.39542
K. Thapa, A. Gurung, Sachit Dhakal
Introduction: Chronic dacryocystitis is a common cause of epiphora resulting from nasolacrimal duct obstruction. We planned to study bacteriological profile of chronic dacrocystitis in a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted patients with CDC who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy in Shree Birendra Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019. A structured proforma was used to record all necessary information of all patients. Results: A total of 90 eyes were included, 56 females and 34 males. The commonest organism isolated from conjunctiva was Staphylococcus Epidermidis whereas Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis were the commonest isolates from the lacrimal sac. All organism isolated from conjunctiva showed highest percentage of sensitivity to ceftriaxone and least sensitivity to ampicillin whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis from lacrimal sac specimen showed highest sensitivity to ceftriaxone and least sensitivity was seen with gentamycin. External dacryocystorhinostomy with silicon tube resulted into a success rate of 90%. Conclusions: The knowledge of common organism causing chronic dacryocystitis helps in selecting antimicrobial prophylaxis in lacrimal drainage surgery. Furthermore it also helps in determining the role of commensal flora in pathogenesis of CDC. Ceftriaxone is the most sensitive drug for the microbials of chronic dacryocystitis. External dacryocystorhinostomy is cheaper, technically easier surgical procedure with good success rate.
{"title":"Bacteriological Profile of Chronic Dacryocystitis in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal","authors":"K. Thapa, A. Gurung, Sachit Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.39542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.39542","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Introduction: Chronic dacryocystitis is a common cause of epiphora resulting from nasolacrimal duct obstruction. We planned to study bacteriological profile of chronic dacrocystitis in a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.\u0000Methods: This is a prospective study conducted patients with CDC who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy in Shree Birendra Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019. A structured proforma was used to record all necessary information of all patients.\u0000Results: A total of 90 eyes were included, 56 females and 34 males. The commonest organism isolated from conjunctiva was Staphylococcus Epidermidis whereas Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis were the commonest isolates from the lacrimal sac. All organism isolated from conjunctiva showed highest percentage of sensitivity to ceftriaxone and least sensitivity to ampicillin whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis from lacrimal sac specimen showed highest sensitivity to ceftriaxone and least sensitivity was seen with gentamycin. External dacryocystorhinostomy with silicon tube resulted into a success rate of 90%.\u0000Conclusions: The knowledge of common organism causing chronic dacryocystitis helps in selecting antimicrobial prophylaxis in lacrimal drainage surgery. Furthermore it also helps in determining the role of commensal flora in pathogenesis of CDC. Ceftriaxone is the most sensitive drug for the microbials of chronic dacryocystitis. External dacryocystorhinostomy is cheaper, technically easier surgical procedure with good success rate.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45852375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Several studies suggest that health workers and medical students suffer from psychological problems during the pandemic. Paramedic trainees were doing duty at the hospital round the clock as other trainee health care workers during the first wave of COVID-19, but there was no published study regarding mental health issues of paramedic trainees till the date in Nepal. This study aims to assess their well-being to full fill the gap. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study design carried out with 280 paramedics. The study period was September - October 2020. Depression, anxiety and stress scale – 21 (DASS 21) and self - care assessment worksheet was used to collect the data after getting permission from the concerned authors. Results: The point prevalence of psychological problems as defined by DASS-21 was 117 (45.3%). Specifically, DASS-21 sub-scales-defined caseness was: Depression 31 (12.0%), anxiety 55 (21.3%) and stress 31 (12.0%), where 218 (80%) of participants were not taking any self-help care-related training to enhance their coping skills to date. Chi-square (χ2) test found that there was a significant association between emotional self-care and severity of depression (P = 0.001), anxiety (P = 0.03) and stress (P = 0.04). Conclusions: A significant number of paramedic trainees suffered from depression, anxiety and stress during the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Therefore, psychological interventions like stress management, positive coping skills, and self-care training may be beneficial to help them cope with the situation.
{"title":"State of Psychological Well-being and Self-Care Patterns Among Paramedic Trainees During the First Wave of COVID-19","authors":"Laxmi Gurung, N. Devkota, Rocky Maharjan, Anju Rayamajhi, Radha Poudel, Suryamani Ghimire","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.37191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.37191","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Several studies suggest that health workers and medical students suffer from psychological problems during the pandemic. Paramedic trainees were doing duty at the hospital round the clock as other trainee health care workers during the first wave of COVID-19, but there was no published study regarding mental health issues of paramedic trainees till the date in Nepal. This study aims to assess their well-being to full fill the gap.\u0000Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study design carried out with 280 paramedics. The study period was September - October 2020. Depression, anxiety and stress scale – 21 (DASS 21) and self - care assessment worksheet was used to collect the data after getting permission from the concerned authors. \u0000Results: The point prevalence of psychological problems as defined by DASS-21 was 117 (45.3%). Specifically, DASS-21 sub-scales-defined caseness was: Depression 31 (12.0%), anxiety 55 (21.3%) and stress 31 (12.0%), where 218 (80%) of participants were not taking any self-help care-related training to enhance their coping skills to date. Chi-square (χ2) test found that there was a significant association between emotional self-care and severity of depression (P = 0.001), anxiety (P = 0.03) and stress (P = 0.04). \u0000Conclusions: A significant number of paramedic trainees suffered from depression, anxiety and stress during the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Therefore, psychological interventions like stress management, positive coping skills, and self-care training may be beneficial to help them cope with the situation.","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43864263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.40969
S. Rana, A. Neopane, Sunita Panta, A. Khadka, Thaneshwar Rijal, Nagendra Bahadur K.C.
Introduction: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) are part of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The knowledge of BLS and ACLS is very important in saving lives for healthcare workers for which they need training and updated knowledge on these topics. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge on BLS and ACLS in a medical college of Kathmandu. Methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study conducted in Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences. The pretest and posttest scores of the trainees who participated in BLS and ACLS training were analyzed to assess the improvement in the knowledge. The duration of the study was from 1st May 2021 to 31st October 2021 where two sessions of the training were conducted. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Results: Out of 72 participants, the mean pretest score was 5.67 ± 1.91 (56.67%) on BLS (Total score 10) and 9.06 ± 2.21 (60.37%) on ACLS (Total score 15). Post-test scores for BLS and ACLS were 8.69 ± 1.03 (86.94%) and 11.43 ± 1.77 (76.20%) respectively. Statistically significant increase in the mean scores were seen in both BLS [df (71) = -13.532, p < 0.001] and ACLS ([df (71) = -9.956, p < 0.001] with 95% CI while comparing pretest BLS and ACLS with posttest BLS and ACLS scores. Conclusions: Improvement in knowledge was seen amongst participants after the training. This highlights the importance of such training in imparting knowledge regarding BLS and ACLS among healthcare personnel.
基本生命支持(BLS)和高级心脏生命支持(ACLS)是心肺复苏的一部分。BLS和ACLS的知识对于拯救医疗工作者的生命非常重要，他们需要培训和更新这些主题的知识。本研究的目的是评估加德满都一所医学院学生对劳工统计局和ACLS的了解情况。方法:在尼泊尔陆军卫生科学研究所进行横断面回顾性研究。对参加BLS和ACLS培训的学员进行前测和后测得分分析，以评估其知识的改善情况。研究的持续时间为2021年5月1日至2021年10月31日，其中进行了两次培训。数据在Microsoft Excel中输入，在Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16中进行分析。结果:72名受试者中，BLS平均前测得分为5.67±1.91(56.67%)(总分10)，ACLS平均前测得分为9.06±2.21(60.37%)(总分15)。BLS和ACLS的后验得分分别为8.69±1.03(86.94%)和11.43±1.77(76.20%)。在BLS和ACLS测试前评分与BLS和ACLS测试后评分比较时，BLS和ACLS的平均评分均有统计学意义的升高[df (71) = -13.532, p < 0.001]和ACLS ([df (71) = -9.956, p < 0.001]， 95% CI均有统计学意义的升高。结论:培训后，参与者的知识有所提高。这突出了在医疗保健人员中传授有关劳工统计局和ACLS知识的此类培训的重要性。
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge on Basic Life support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in a Medical College of Kathmandu","authors":"S. Rana, A. Neopane, Sunita Panta, A. Khadka, Thaneshwar Rijal, Nagendra Bahadur K.C.","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.40969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.40969","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) are part of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The knowledge of BLS and ACLS is very important in saving lives for healthcare workers for which they need training and updated knowledge on these topics. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge on BLS and ACLS in a medical college of Kathmandu. \u0000Methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study conducted in Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences. The pretest and posttest scores of the trainees who participated in BLS and ACLS training were analyzed to assess the improvement in the knowledge. The duration of the study was from 1st May 2021 to 31st October 2021 where two sessions of the training were conducted. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. \u0000Results: Out of 72 participants, the mean pretest score was 5.67 ± 1.91 (56.67%) on BLS (Total score 10) and 9.06 ± 2.21 (60.37%) on ACLS (Total score 15). Post-test scores for BLS and ACLS were 8.69 ± 1.03 (86.94%) and 11.43 ± 1.77 (76.20%) respectively. Statistically significant increase in the mean scores were seen in both BLS [df (71) = -13.532, p < 0.001] and ACLS ([df (71) = -9.956, p < 0.001] with 95% CI while comparing pretest BLS and ACLS with posttest BLS and ACLS scores. \u0000Conclusions: Improvement in knowledge was seen amongst participants after the training. This highlights the importance of such training in imparting knowledge regarding BLS and ACLS among healthcare personnel.","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41442226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.34122
Narendra Raj Pant, Kabita Bhatt, H. Joshi
Introduction: Unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and lack of personal hygiene are the major causes of waterborne diseases. Water-induced health problem includes typhoid, acute gastroenteritis, diarrhea, dysentery, and hepatitis. In the Sudoorpashchim province, people suffer from these water-related diseases, and the frequency of the problem is intense in the summer. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of waterborne diseases in Sudoorpashchim province, far western region of Nepal. Methods: The data was collected from the provincial health directorate at Dipayal and analysed using the Origin 2010 software Results: The findings reveal that the prevalence of waterborne diseases gradually decreased as compared to last four to five years and attended 5.6% in FY 2019/2020, signifying an improvement in the personal hygiene of the people. Conclusions: The prevalence of waterborne diseases sharply decreased in the FY 2019/2020, indicate the rectification in the personal hygiene of people.
{"title":"Prevalence of Waterborne Diseases in Sudoorpashchim Province","authors":"Narendra Raj Pant, Kabita Bhatt, H. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.34122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.34122","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and lack of personal hygiene are the major causes of waterborne diseases. Water-induced health problem includes typhoid, acute gastroenteritis, diarrhea, dysentery, and hepatitis. In the Sudoorpashchim province, people suffer from these water-related diseases, and the frequency of the problem is intense in the summer. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of waterborne diseases in Sudoorpashchim province, far western region of Nepal. \u0000Methods: The data was collected from the provincial health directorate at Dipayal and analysed using the Origin 2010 software\u0000Results: The findings reveal that the prevalence of waterborne diseases gradually decreased as compared to last four to five years and attended 5.6% in FY 2019/2020, signifying an improvement in the personal hygiene of the people. \u0000Conclusions: The prevalence of waterborne diseases sharply decreased in the FY 2019/2020, indicate the rectification in the personal hygiene of people.","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45587300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.39366
Arabinda Mohan Bhattarai, D. Pandeya, Sulochana Parajuli, S. Pradhananga
Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is an important endocrine disorder worldwide among which hypothyroidism, is attributed to environmental deficiency of iodine. Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common preventable causes of intellectual disability worldwide. Hypothyroidism is easily treated and timely detection and treatment of the disorder could reduce the adverse fetal and maternal outcome. The aim of our study is to find the prevalence of thyroid illness in a tertiary health care center of Nepal. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu over a period of five months from March 2021 to July 2021. We selected 1000 patients with symptoms suggestive of thyroid disorders. Detailed history was obtained and free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) estimation was done in Siemens CP Chemiluminescence Immunoassay analyzer. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and managed in SPSS version 20. Results: Most of our patients with hypothyroidism presented with puffiness of the face, hoarseness of voice, whereas weight loss and restlessness were predominant features in hyperthyroid patients. In our study, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were 16.0% and 9.5% respectively. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is common in the female population. We found that hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were more prevalent in the reproductive age group.
{"title":"Pattern of Thyroid Illness in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal","authors":"Arabinda Mohan Bhattarai, D. Pandeya, Sulochana Parajuli, S. Pradhananga","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.39366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.39366","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is an important endocrine disorder worldwide among which hypothyroidism, is attributed to environmental deficiency of iodine. Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common preventable causes of intellectual disability worldwide. Hypothyroidism is easily treated and timely detection and treatment of the disorder could reduce the adverse fetal and maternal outcome. The aim of our study is to find the prevalence of thyroid illness in a tertiary health care center of Nepal.\u0000Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu over a period of five months from March 2021 to July 2021. We selected 1000 patients with symptoms suggestive of thyroid disorders. Detailed history was obtained and free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) estimation was done in Siemens CP Chemiluminescence Immunoassay analyzer. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and managed in SPSS version 20. \u0000Results: Most of our patients with hypothyroidism presented with puffiness of the face, hoarseness of voice, whereas weight loss and restlessness were predominant features in hyperthyroid patients. In our study, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were 16.0% and 9.5% respectively.\u0000Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is common in the female population. We found that hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were more prevalent in the reproductive age group.","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42873114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.41983
K. Roka, I. Kc, Sagar Mani Jha, R. Subedi, Ayush Adhikari
Introduction: Many patients visiting the medicine outpatient department (OPD) and gastroenterology OPD have lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and substantial would require to undergo colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is an effective endoscopic procedure to evaluate the entire colon from rectum to terminal ileum and perform some known therapeutic procedures. The aim of our study was to see the pattern of lower GI diseases in patients by colonoscopy and histopathological examination. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Collective data of patients who underwent colonoscopy from October 2017 to September 2020 was evaluated from the endoscopy records. Analysis was done in the form of proportions and percentages and presented in tables and figures. Results: A total of 232 patients were evaluated. The most common indication was chronic abdominal pain 188 (81.03%) followed by per rectal bleeding 14 (6.03%) and chronic constipation 14 (6.03%). Colonoscopy showed normal findings in 182 (78.44%), colitis in 14 (6.03%), hemorrhoids and proctitis in 10 (4.31%) each, polyps in eight (3.44%), and malignancy in six (2.58%). Malignancy was proven in all six suspected patients by histopathological examination. Conclusions: Colonoscopy is an effective diagnostic modality for GI symptoms. Histopathological examination of the colonic biopsy showed a wide spectrum of common lower GI pathology from non-specific inflammation to malignancy with minimal complications. This shows colonoscopy as a safe and effective diagnostic modality for patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms.
{"title":"Pattern of Lower Gastrointestinal Diseases on Colonoscopy and Histopathological Examination in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal","authors":"K. Roka, I. Kc, Sagar Mani Jha, R. Subedi, Ayush Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.41983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i1.41983","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many patients visiting the medicine outpatient department (OPD) and gastroenterology OPD have lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and substantial would require to undergo colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is an effective endoscopic procedure to evaluate the entire colon from rectum to terminal ileum and perform some known therapeutic procedures. The aim of our study was to see the pattern of lower GI diseases in patients by colonoscopy and histopathological examination. \u0000Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Collective data of patients who underwent colonoscopy from October 2017 to September 2020 was evaluated from the endoscopy records. Analysis was done in the form of proportions and percentages and presented in tables and figures. \u0000Results: A total of 232 patients were evaluated. The most common indication was chronic abdominal pain 188 (81.03%) followed by per rectal bleeding 14 (6.03%) and chronic constipation 14 (6.03%). Colonoscopy showed normal findings in 182 (78.44%), colitis in 14 (6.03%), hemorrhoids and proctitis in 10 (4.31%) each, polyps in eight (3.44%), and malignancy in six (2.58%). Malignancy was proven in all six suspected patients by histopathological examination.\u0000Conclusions: Colonoscopy is an effective diagnostic modality for GI symptoms. Histopathological examination of the colonic biopsy showed a wide spectrum of common lower GI pathology from non-specific inflammation to malignancy with minimal complications. This shows colonoscopy as a safe and effective diagnostic modality for patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms.","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41718852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v20i2.36632
U. Bajracharya, A. K. Sah, H. Baral, Ghanasham Sigdel, G. K. Shrestha, Rojan Adhikari
Eosinophilic ureteritis is a rare cause of ureteric stricture causing hydroureteronephrosis. The exact aetiology of this condition is still unknown. This condition has been described in relation to atopy, hypereosinophilic syndrome and prior ureteral interventions. The histopathology is the conclusive diagnostic modality. The surgical resection of the ureteric stricture part with end-to-end anastomosis is usually successful. Herein, we report a case of a 19-year-old woman, who presented with right flank pain. With imaging and diagnostic ureteroscopy, the case was diagnosed as eosinophilic ureteritis. The case was successfully managed with resection of the stenosing part and end-to-end anastomosis. No cases of the disease have been reported until now in Nepal.
{"title":"Eosinophilic Ureteritis Causing Ureterohydronephrosis: A Case Report","authors":"U. Bajracharya, A. K. Sah, H. Baral, Ghanasham Sigdel, G. K. Shrestha, Rojan Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v20i2.36632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v20i2.36632","url":null,"abstract":"Eosinophilic ureteritis is a rare cause of ureteric stricture causing hydroureteronephrosis. The exact aetiology of this condition is still unknown. This condition has been described in relation to atopy, hypereosinophilic syndrome and prior ureteral interventions. The histopathology is the conclusive diagnostic modality. The surgical resection of the ureteric stricture part with end-to-end anastomosis is usually successful. Herein, we report a case of a 19-year-old woman, who presented with right flank pain. With imaging and diagnostic ureteroscopy, the case was diagnosed as eosinophilic ureteritis. The case was successfully managed with resection of the stenosing part and end-to-end anastomosis. No cases of the disease have been reported until now in Nepal. ","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v20i2.36409
M. Sharma, Sammodavardhana Kaundinnyayana, Premlata Das
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance has been described by World Health Organisation as a major global health problem that threats our ability to treat common infectious diseases and needs urgent action. Among many other factors, knowledge and behaviour of community members that lead to inappropriate use of antibiotic highly contributes to development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Hence this study has been undertaken with the aim to assess the knowledge and attitude related to antibiotic use among high school students. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted at a Kathmandu based high-school. The data were collected via self-administered questionnaire after verbal consent for voluntary participation. There were nine questions related to knowledge and five questions related to attitude. Data were aggregated to compile frequency distribution tables and the percentages of responses were calculated. Result: A total of 232 students participated in the study. In the questions related to knowledge, nearly 62% of the students agreed to the statement “Antibiotics are needed to cure most coughs and cold”. About 19% students were not sure whether antibiotics can kill the useful bacteria in our body. In the attitude part, 53.87% students responded that they stop taking antibiotics when they start to feel better and 59.91% students responded that they buy antibiotics on their own from a pharmacist when needed. Conclusions: The deficiencies in basic understanding about the nature and use of antibiotics and casual attitude in their use among high school students is a matter of great concern as it poses many serious problems including promotion of antibiotic resistance
{"title":"Knowledge and attitude related to antibiotic use among high school students","authors":"M. Sharma, Sammodavardhana Kaundinnyayana, Premlata Das","doi":"10.3126/mjsbh.v20i2.36409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v20i2.36409","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Antibiotic resistance has been described by World Health Organisation as a major global health problem that threats our ability to treat common infectious diseases and needs urgent action. Among many other factors, knowledge and behaviour of community members that lead to inappropriate use of antibiotic highly contributes to development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Hence this study has been undertaken with the aim to assess the knowledge and attitude related to antibiotic use among high school students. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted at a Kathmandu based high-school. The data were collected via self-administered questionnaire after verbal consent for voluntary participation. There were nine questions related to knowledge and five questions related to attitude. Data were aggregated to compile frequency distribution tables and the percentages of responses were calculated. \u0000Result: A total of 232 students participated in the study. In the questions related to knowledge, nearly 62% of the students agreed to the statement “Antibiotics are needed to cure most coughs and cold”. About 19% students were not sure whether antibiotics can kill the useful bacteria in our body. In the attitude part, 53.87% students responded that they stop taking antibiotics when they start to feel better and 59.91% students responded that they buy antibiotics on their own from a pharmacist when needed. \u0000Conclusions: The deficiencies in basic understanding about the nature and use of antibiotics and casual attitude in their use among high school students is a matter of great concern as it poses many serious problems including promotion of antibiotic resistance","PeriodicalId":33963,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48320863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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