Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.4.n1997
Y. Mareev, D. Polyakov, N. Vinogradova, I. Fomin, V. Mareev, Y. Belenkov, F. Ageev, E. G. Artemjeva, Y. Badin, E. V. Bakulina, A. Galyavich, T. Ionova, G. Kamalov, S. Kechedzhieva, N. Koziolova, V. Malenkova, S. Malchikova, E. Smirnova, E. Tarlovskaya, E. Shcherbinina, S. Yakushin
Aim To study true prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a representative sample from the European part of the Russian Federation; to describe characteristics of patients with AF; and to provide the frequency of anticoagulant treatment.Material and methods Cross-sectional data of the EPOCH epidemiological study (2017) were used. Data were collected in 8 constituent entities of the Russian Federation; the sample size was 11 453 people. The sample included all respondents who had given their consent for participation and were older than 10 years. Statistical tests were performed in the R system for statistical data analysis.Results The prevalence of AF in the representative sample from the European part of the Russian Federation was 2.04 %. The AF prevalence increased with age and reached a maximum value of 9.6% in the age group of 80 to 89 years. The AF prevalence among females was 1.5 times higher than among men. With age standardization, the AF prevalence was 18.95 and 21.33 per 1,000 people for men and women, respectively. The AF prevalence increased in the presence of concurrent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or diabetes mellitus as well as with an increased number of comorbidities in the same person and reached 70.3 and 60.0 % in patients with 4 and 5 comorbidities, respectively. Patients with AF had a greater number of comorbidities and higher CHA2DS2VASc scores (5.0 vs. 2.0, p<0.001) compared to patients with CVDs without AF. Only 22.6 % of patients with CVD and AF took anticoagulants. Only 23.9% of patients with absolute indications for the anticoagulant treatment received anticoagulants.Conclusion The AF prevalence in the European part of the Russian Federation was 2.04 %; it increased with age and in patients with concurrent CVDs or diabetes mellitus. Most of AF patients (93.2 %) required a mandatory treatment with oral anticoagulants.
目的研究俄罗斯联邦欧洲部分代表性样本中房颤(AF)的真实患病率;描述房颤患者的特征;并提供抗凝治疗的频率。材料与方法采用EPOCH流行病学研究(2017)的横断面数据。数据是在俄罗斯联邦的8个组成实体收集的;样本量为11453人。样本包括所有同意参与且年龄在10岁以上的受访者。在R系统中进行统计检验，进行统计数据分析。结果俄罗斯联邦欧洲部分代表性样本AF患病率为2.04%。房颤患病率随年龄增长而增加，在80 ~ 89岁年龄组达到最高值9.6%。女性房颤患病率是男性的1.5倍。年龄标准化后，男性和女性房颤患病率分别为18.95 / 1000和21.33 / 1000。并发心血管疾病(cvd)或糖尿病以及同一人并发合并症数量增加时，房颤患病率增加，在合并4种和5种合并症的患者中，房颤患病率分别达到70.3%和60.0%。与没有房颤的CVD患者相比，房颤患者有更多的合并症和更高的CHA2DS2VASc评分(5.0 vs. 2.0, p<0.001)。只有22.6%的CVD和房颤患者服用抗凝剂。有抗凝治疗绝对指征的患者中只有23.9%接受了抗凝治疗。结论俄罗斯联邦欧洲部分房颤患病率为2.04%;随着年龄的增长以及合并心血管疾病或糖尿病的患者，它增加。大多数房颤患者(93.2%)需要口服抗凝治疗。
{"title":"Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in a representative sample of the European part of the Russian Federation. Analysis of EPOCH-CHF study.","authors":"Y. Mareev, D. Polyakov, N. Vinogradova, I. Fomin, V. Mareev, Y. Belenkov, F. Ageev, E. G. Artemjeva, Y. Badin, E. V. Bakulina, A. Galyavich, T. Ionova, G. Kamalov, S. Kechedzhieva, N. Koziolova, V. Malenkova, S. Malchikova, E. Smirnova, E. Tarlovskaya, E. Shcherbinina, S. Yakushin","doi":"10.18087/cardio.2022.4.n1997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2022.4.n1997","url":null,"abstract":"Aim To study true prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a representative sample from the European part of the Russian Federation; to describe characteristics of patients with AF; and to provide the frequency of anticoagulant treatment.Material and methods Cross-sectional data of the EPOCH epidemiological study (2017) were used. Data were collected in 8 constituent entities of the Russian Federation; the sample size was 11 453 people. The sample included all respondents who had given their consent for participation and were older than 10 years. Statistical tests were performed in the R system for statistical data analysis.Results The prevalence of AF in the representative sample from the European part of the Russian Federation was 2.04 %. The AF prevalence increased with age and reached a maximum value of 9.6% in the age group of 80 to 89 years. The AF prevalence among females was 1.5 times higher than among men. With age standardization, the AF prevalence was 18.95 and 21.33 per 1,000 people for men and women, respectively. The AF prevalence increased in the presence of concurrent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or diabetes mellitus as well as with an increased number of comorbidities in the same person and reached 70.3 and 60.0 % in patients with 4 and 5 comorbidities, respectively. Patients with AF had a greater number of comorbidities and higher CHA2DS2VASc scores (5.0 vs. 2.0, p<0.001) compared to patients with CVDs without AF. Only 22.6 % of patients with CVD and AF took anticoagulants. Only 23.9% of patients with absolute indications for the anticoagulant treatment received anticoagulants.Conclusion The AF prevalence in the European part of the Russian Federation was 2.04 %; it increased with age and in patients with concurrent CVDs or diabetes mellitus. Most of AF patients (93.2 %) required a mandatory treatment with oral anticoagulants.","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":"11 1","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87658075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.4.n1882
E. Emelina, G. Gendlin, I. Nikitin
Aim To evaluate the effect of cardiac monitoring on overall survival of patients with chronic lymphoid leukosis (CLL) on targeted therapy with ibrutinib.Material and methods Survival of oncological patients depends not only on the efficacy of the antitumor therapy. Cardiovascular comorbidities and emerging cardiotoxicity of the antitumor treatment can considerably impair the quality and duration of patients' life. The problem of the need for regular cardiological monitoring of oncological patients remains unsolved. A prospective 5-year study was performed that included cardiological monitoring of patients with CLL on chronic targeted therapy with ibrutinib, the side effects of which include atrial fibrillation (AF) and arterial hypertension (AH). The study included 217 patients aged 66.0 [32.0; 910.] years; 144 of them were men aged 66.0 [32.0; 91.0] years and 83 were women aged 65.0 [39.0; 83.0] years. Electrocardiography and echocardiography, evaluation of comorbidity with the Charlson's index, and evaluation of frailty with the Geriatric 8 questionnaire and the Groningen Frailty Index were performed repeatedly for all patients. In the active cardiac monitoring group (n=89), besides the standard evaluation, active medical monitoring of symptoms and general well-being, blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate, monitoring of cardioprotective drug intake and correction, if necessary, and calling patients for examination and additional evaluation were performed every week. The remaining 128 patients were evaluated repeatedly but did not maintain the remote monitoring with messengers; they constituted a standard follow-up group.Results This was a study of overall survival of patients with CLL on targeted therapy with ibrutinib depending on the cardiac monitoring program. The age of patients did not differ in the active cardiac monitoring group and the standard follow-up group (66.0 [60.0; 70.0] and 66.0 [59.0; 74.0] years, respectively). The active cardiac monitoring group contained somewhat more men than the standard follow-up group (68.8 and 53.9 %, respectively; р=0.026). At baseline, the groups did not differ in the number of pretreatment lines, frailty test results (Geriatric 8 questionnaire, Groningen Frailty Index), comorbidity (Charlson's index), and echocardiographic data. The active cardiac monitoring group contained more patients with AH (р<0.0001), with AF (р<0.0001), patients receiving anticoagulants (р<0.0001), and a comparable number of patients with ischemic heart disease. In the active cardiac monitoring group, 70 (90.9%) of 77 patients with CLL and AH achieved goal BP whereas in the standard follow-up group, 26 (39.9 %) of 66 (р<0.0001) patients achieved the BP goal, regardless of whether their elevated BP developed before or during the ibrutinib treatment. This group contained significantly more patients who required cardiac surgical intervention (coronary stenting, pacemaker implantation), 12 vs. 0 in the standard follow-up group
{"title":"[Пятилетнее исследование влияния кардиомониторинга на общую выживаемость больных хроническим лимфолейкозом, получающих таргетную терапию ибрутинибом].","authors":"E. Emelina, G. Gendlin, I. Nikitin","doi":"10.18087/cardio.2022.4.n1882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2022.4.n1882","url":null,"abstract":"Aim To evaluate the effect of cardiac monitoring on overall survival of patients with chronic lymphoid leukosis (CLL) on targeted therapy with ibrutinib.Material and methods Survival of oncological patients depends not only on the efficacy of the antitumor therapy. Cardiovascular comorbidities and emerging cardiotoxicity of the antitumor treatment can considerably impair the quality and duration of patients' life. The problem of the need for regular cardiological monitoring of oncological patients remains unsolved. A prospective 5-year study was performed that included cardiological monitoring of patients with CLL on chronic targeted therapy with ibrutinib, the side effects of which include atrial fibrillation (AF) and arterial hypertension (AH). The study included 217 patients aged 66.0 [32.0; 910.] years; 144 of them were men aged 66.0 [32.0; 91.0] years and 83 were women aged 65.0 [39.0; 83.0] years. Electrocardiography and echocardiography, evaluation of comorbidity with the Charlson's index, and evaluation of frailty with the Geriatric 8 questionnaire and the Groningen Frailty Index were performed repeatedly for all patients. In the active cardiac monitoring group (n=89), besides the standard evaluation, active medical monitoring of symptoms and general well-being, blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate, monitoring of cardioprotective drug intake and correction, if necessary, and calling patients for examination and additional evaluation were performed every week. The remaining 128 patients were evaluated repeatedly but did not maintain the remote monitoring with messengers; they constituted a standard follow-up group.Results This was a study of overall survival of patients with CLL on targeted therapy with ibrutinib depending on the cardiac monitoring program. The age of patients did not differ in the active cardiac monitoring group and the standard follow-up group (66.0 [60.0; 70.0] and 66.0 [59.0; 74.0] years, respectively). The active cardiac monitoring group contained somewhat more men than the standard follow-up group (68.8 and 53.9 %, respectively; р=0.026). At baseline, the groups did not differ in the number of pretreatment lines, frailty test results (Geriatric 8 questionnaire, Groningen Frailty Index), comorbidity (Charlson's index), and echocardiographic data. The active cardiac monitoring group contained more patients with AH (р<0.0001), with AF (р<0.0001), patients receiving anticoagulants (р<0.0001), and a comparable number of patients with ischemic heart disease. In the active cardiac monitoring group, 70 (90.9%) of 77 patients with CLL and AH achieved goal BP whereas in the standard follow-up group, 26 (39.9 %) of 66 (р<0.0001) patients achieved the BP goal, regardless of whether their elevated BP developed before or during the ibrutinib treatment. This group contained significantly more patients who required cardiac surgical intervention (coronary stenting, pacemaker implantation), 12 vs. 0 in the standard follow-up group","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":"132 1","pages":"20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80156446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81005
Z. Vassileva, A. Kaneva
The diagnosis of complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) relies completely on echocardiography. Different measurements can be used for the differentiation of the balanced from the unbalanced forms of the defect but each of them has limitations and cannot be applied separately. There is no established algorithm ensuring precise classifi cation of the CAVSD as balanced or unbalanced, especially in borderline forms. Based on a protocol, including measurements of a series of echocardiographic parameters used by other investigators, we have managed to identify 4 measurements which when applied in a predictive model allow for correct determination of the form of the CAVSD in 97% of the cases. These parameters are: infl ow angle right ventricle/left ventricle, left atrioventricular valve infl ow, atrioventricular valve index, and ratio between the long axes of the two ventricles.
{"title":"Echocardiographic parameters for differentiation of balanced from unbalanced forms of complete atrioventricular septal defect","authors":"Z. Vassileva, A. Kaneva","doi":"10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81005","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis of complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) relies completely on echocardiography. Different measurements can be used for the differentiation of the balanced from the unbalanced forms of the defect but each of them has limitations and cannot be applied separately. There is no established algorithm ensuring precise classifi cation of the CAVSD as balanced or unbalanced, especially in borderline forms. Based on a protocol, including measurements of a series of echocardiographic parameters used by other investigators, we have managed to identify 4 measurements which when applied in a predictive model allow for correct determination of the form of the CAVSD in 97% of the cases. These parameters are: infl ow angle right ventricle/left ventricle, left atrioventricular valve infl ow, atrioventricular valve index, and ratio between the long axes of the two ventricles.","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46946590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81634
Elisaveta Levunlieva
The term “univentricular (single ventricle) heart” refers to many complex congenital heart defects (CHD). The main characteristic of these malformations is the presence of a single anatomical or functional chamber. Normally, the cardiovascular system consists of two circles which are connected in series, i.e. the pulmonary and the systemic circles are driven by a “double pump” – the right and left ventricle. In the univentricular heart, the single ventricle maintains both systemic and pulmonary blood fl ow. The two circulation circles are connected in parallel rather than in series, as is the case in the normal circulation which is driven by two ventricles. The classic Fontan operation was introduced 50 years ago. The Fontan type operations are staged procedures aimed at complete separation of the systemic and venous circulation without a subpulmonary chamber in univentricular CHDs. Originally designed for patients with tricuspid atresia, this concept is currently used i n many complex CHDs in which two ventricular correction is not possible. Although it divides the blood circles and eliminates cyanosis, this physiological correction is associated with signifi cant changes in hemodynamics. The cardiologists and pediatricians should be aware of these peculiarities of the Fontan circulation.
{"title":"Hemodynamics after Fontan operation in complex congenital heart defects with univentricular circulation","authors":"Elisaveta Levunlieva","doi":"10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81634","url":null,"abstract":"The term “univentricular (single ventricle) heart” refers to many complex congenital heart defects (CHD). The main characteristic of these malformations is the presence of a single anatomical or functional chamber. Normally, the cardiovascular system consists of two circles which are connected in series, i.e. the pulmonary and the systemic circles are driven by a “double pump” – the right and left ventricle. In the univentricular heart, the single ventricle maintains both systemic and pulmonary blood fl ow. The two circulation circles are connected in parallel rather than in series, as is the case in the normal circulation which is driven by two ventricles. The classic Fontan operation was introduced 50 years ago. The Fontan type operations are staged procedures aimed at complete separation of the systemic and venous circulation without a subpulmonary chamber in univentricular CHDs. Originally designed for patients with tricuspid atresia, this concept is currently used i n many complex CHDs in which two ventricular correction is not possible. Although it divides the blood circles and eliminates cyanosis, this physiological correction is associated with signifi cant changes in hemodynamics. The cardiologists and pediatricians should be aware of these peculiarities of the Fontan circulation.","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42049233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81214
K. Ganeva, P. Shivachev
Thalassemias are a group of inherited disorders, that require regular lifelong blood transfusions, which are vital for the normal development and life of the patients. With time, complications occur due to iron deposition in internal organs with subsequent chronic hemochromatosis development and predominantly affecting the heart, the liver and the endocrine glands. Despite the absence of clinical symptoms in young patients, enough data are supporting the fact that early myocardial iron deposition occurs. This necessitates the introduction of suffi ciently reliable methods and techniques for the detection and follow-up of early heart disorders before the onset of symptoms. Evaluation of myocardial iron deposition by the T2* MRI technique is established as a reliable, non-invasive method with good reproducibility and a low percentage of variability. Echocardiography as a method does not give information concerning the iron deposition in the heart but is easily applicable, safe and widespread for screening and follow up of patients. The use of new technique such as longitudinal strain makes the method almost comparable for the assessment of early subclinical myocardial damage. Although still in the fi eld of research, the identifi cation of specifi c miRNAs associated with cardiac stroke, fi brosis and remodeling is emerging as a new, potential biomarker for myocardial damage that could support the overall cardiovascular assessment of patients. This review will focus on current manifestations of cardiac complications in young patients with beta-thalassemia major, as well as the noninvasive methods for assessing cardiac function described above.
{"title":"Contemporary non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of early cardiac dysfunction in young patients with beta-thalassemia major","authors":"K. Ganeva, P. Shivachev","doi":"10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81214","url":null,"abstract":"Thalassemias are a group of inherited disorders, that require regular lifelong blood transfusions, which are vital for the normal development and life of the patients. With time, complications occur due to iron deposition in internal organs with subsequent chronic hemochromatosis development and predominantly affecting the heart, the liver and the endocrine glands. Despite the absence of clinical symptoms in young patients, enough data are supporting the fact that early myocardial iron deposition occurs. This necessitates the introduction of suffi ciently reliable methods and techniques for the detection and follow-up of early heart disorders before the onset of symptoms. Evaluation of myocardial iron deposition by the T2* MRI technique is established as a reliable, non-invasive method with good reproducibility and a low percentage of variability. Echocardiography as a method does not give information concerning the iron deposition in the heart but is easily applicable, safe and widespread for screening and follow up of patients. The use of new technique such as longitudinal strain makes the method almost comparable for the assessment of early subclinical myocardial damage. Although still in the fi eld of research, the identifi cation of specifi c miRNAs associated with cardiac stroke, fi brosis and remodeling is emerging as a new, potential biomarker for myocardial damage that could support the overall cardiovascular assessment of patients. This review will focus on current manifestations of cardiac complications in young patients with beta-thalassemia major, as well as the noninvasive methods for assessing cardiac function described above.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47230574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81388
Dimitar Pechilkov, L. Simeonov, V. Boshnakov, A. Kaneva
Introduction. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is a well-recognized factor as a quality metric for pediatric cardiac surgical programs. Most of the risk factors for PMV are described and analyzed. Some authors had established predictive models to detect proactively patients in risk for PMV. This study aims to develop a new predictive model, based on vasoactive-ventilation-renal (VVR) score, for PMV after congenital heart surgery (CHS) in pediatric patients. Material and Methods. Medical fi les of patients 0-18 y who underwent heart surgery in 2016 and 2017 were reviewed. Patients that met the inclusion criteria were studied. PMV was defi ned as invasive mechanical ventilation ≥ 96 h. The patients were divided in two groups according to duration of mechanical ventilation: group 1-patients with PMV, group 2-patients without PMV. The focus was set on VVR score and fl uid overload in the fi rst 48 hours after the operation. Data were presented as medians with IQR or as means ± standard deviation. A non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, binary logistic regression test and ROC curve analysis integrated in the statistical software SPSS 24.0 were used. A value of P < 0.05 was considered signifi cant. Results. 438 patients were operated in 2016 and 2017 and 384 of them were included in the study. 80 patients (20.8%) needed PMV (group 1) and 304 (79.2%) did not need PMV (group 2). There was a statistical signifi cance between group 1 and group 2 concerning the peak VVR for the day of operation 58,25(33,48) vs. 25,65(19,8) and cumulative fl uid overload in % for the fi rst 48hours +2,54(13,29) vs. – 1,19(3,4). After combining this two factors in a predictive model, the ROC curve analysis showed AUC 0,903 (95% CI 0,863-0,944) with sensitivity of 86.25% and specifi city of 82,57%. Conclusion. Combining VVR and cumulative fl uid overload, resulted in establishment of a new reliable predictive model for PMV after CHS in pediatric patients in our Center.
{"title":"Risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation after congenital heart surgery in pediatric patients","authors":"Dimitar Pechilkov, L. Simeonov, V. Boshnakov, A. Kaneva","doi":"10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81388","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is a well-recognized factor as a quality metric for pediatric cardiac surgical programs. Most of the risk factors for PMV are described and analyzed. Some authors had established predictive models to detect proactively patients in risk for PMV. This study aims to develop a new predictive model, based on vasoactive-ventilation-renal (VVR) score, for PMV after congenital heart surgery (CHS) in pediatric patients. Material and Methods. Medical fi les of patients 0-18 y who underwent heart surgery in 2016 and 2017 were reviewed. Patients that met the inclusion criteria were studied. PMV was defi ned as invasive mechanical ventilation ≥ 96 h. The patients were divided in two groups according to duration of mechanical ventilation: group 1-patients with PMV, group 2-patients without PMV. The focus was set on VVR score and fl uid overload in the fi rst 48 hours after the operation. Data were presented as medians with IQR or as means ± standard deviation. A non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, binary logistic regression test and ROC curve analysis integrated in the statistical software SPSS 24.0 were used. A value of P < 0.05 was considered signifi cant. Results. 438 patients were operated in 2016 and 2017 and 384 of them were included in the study. 80 patients (20.8%) needed PMV (group 1) and 304 (79.2%) did not need PMV (group 2). There was a statistical signifi cance between group 1 and group 2 concerning the peak VVR for the day of operation 58,25(33,48) vs. 25,65(19,8) and cumulative fl uid overload in % for the fi rst 48hours +2,54(13,29) vs. – 1,19(3,4). After combining this two factors in a predictive model, the ROC curve analysis showed AUC 0,903 (95% CI 0,863-0,944) with sensitivity of 86.25% and specifi city of 82,57%. Conclusion. Combining VVR and cumulative fl uid overload, resulted in establishment of a new reliable predictive model for PMV after CHS in pediatric patients in our Center.","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81454
P. Shivachev, K. Ganeva, D. Krumova, M. Georgieva, P. Petrov
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with a multisystemic nature, affecting female adolescents predominantly. The disease is potentially fatal with cardiac complications being the leading cause. We present a clinical case of a 16-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa after a mental trauma, hospitalized in our Clinic in an extremely severe, pre comatose state with weight 26 kg, BSA – 1.12 m2 and BMI – 10.4. On the background of severe abnormalities in homeostasis, bradycardia with left ventricular extrasystoles in bigeminy and episodes of tachycardia with a frequency of 238/min. Echocardiography revealed reduce in the heart size and the left ventricular muscle mass, MI – I + degree and a small, apical pericardial effusion. During the echocardiographic follow-up, there was signifi cant hypertrophy of the left ventricle with obstruction in the outfl ow tract, with a reduction in ventricular size, without signifi cant change in left ventricular muscle mass. As a result of long-term, comprehensive treatment, with the participation of a team of specialists, the patient achieved true behavioural criticality, improved food tolerance, weight gain up to 46 kg with BMI - 18.4 and normalization of cardiac anatomy. Cardiac complications of anorexia nervosa are common, varied, and potentially lethal and require targeted cardiac monitoring and treatment. Left ventricular hypertrophy with obstruction in the ventricular outfl ow tract, fi rst described in 2006, is a rare but potentially fatal cardiac complication in patients with the disease.
{"title":"Cardiovascular complications of anorexia nervosa – a clinical case with transient left ventricular hypertrophy and obstruction in the ventricular outflow tract","authors":"P. Shivachev, K. Ganeva, D. Krumova, M. Georgieva, P. Petrov","doi":"10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81454","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with a multisystemic nature, affecting female adolescents predominantly. The disease is potentially fatal with cardiac complications being the leading cause. We present a clinical case of a 16-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa after a mental trauma, hospitalized in our Clinic in an extremely severe, pre comatose state with weight 26 kg, BSA – 1.12 m2 and BMI – 10.4. On the background of severe abnormalities in homeostasis, bradycardia with left ventricular extrasystoles in bigeminy and episodes of tachycardia with a frequency of 238/min. Echocardiography revealed reduce in the heart size and the left ventricular muscle mass, MI – I + degree and a small, apical pericardial effusion. During the echocardiographic follow-up, there was signifi cant hypertrophy of the left ventricle with obstruction in the outfl ow tract, with a reduction in ventricular size, without signifi cant change in left ventricular muscle mass. As a result of long-term, comprehensive treatment, with the participation of a team of specialists, the patient achieved true behavioural criticality, improved food tolerance, weight gain up to 46 kg with BMI - 18.4 and normalization of cardiac anatomy. Cardiac complications of anorexia nervosa are common, varied, and potentially lethal and require targeted cardiac monitoring and treatment. Left ventricular hypertrophy with obstruction in the ventricular outfl ow tract, fi rst described in 2006, is a rare but potentially fatal cardiac complication in patients with the disease.","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.28.e82260
Elisaveta Levunlieva, A. Kaneva, Reneta Lekova, Kiparisiya Nenova-Karakasheva, L. Dimitrov
There is no pumping subpulmonary ventricle in patients with univentricular hemodynamics after Fontan type physiological correction of complex congenital heart defects (CHD). Hence the blood fl ow to the lungs is passive and depends on central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to provide adequate fi lling of the single ventricle. The increase in PVR leads to a reduction in ventricular fi lling and cardiac output, resulting in failure of the Fontan circulation (the so-called failing Fontan). Purpose. Invasive assessment of the hemodynamic effect of sildenafi l treatment in children with single ventricle Fontan circulation. Material and Methods. Twenty-six children (12 girls, 14 boys) with completed stages of Fontan type surgery in whom a selective pulmonary vasodilator (sildenafi l) has been administered during the follow-up have been investigated. An open-label, non-randomized, prospective invasive study of the hemodynamic effect of sildenafi l treatment in patients with completed Fontan surgery stages was performed. Results. A signifi cant decrease in the cavopulmonary pressure (from 16.58 ± 1.88 mm Hg to 13.80 ± 2.20 mm Hg; p < 0.001) and the pulmonary vascular resistance (from 2.02 ± 0.72 WU to 1.42 ± 0.41 WU; p = 0.001), increase of the pulmonary/systemic blood fl ow ratio (from 0.71 ± 0.21 to 0.83 ± 0.18; p < 0.05), as well as increase in the systemic oxygen saturation (from 85.65 ± 7.48% to 90.72 ± 4.53%; p = 0.005) were found. No signifi cant difference in hemodynamic parameters related to the ventricular morphology and the type of previous palliation was found. The only exception was the pulmonary blood fl ow after sildenafi l treatment, which was signifi cantly higher in children with а previous systemic to pulmonary shunt compared to children with а previous banding (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Our study showed signifi cant benefi cial changes in the main hemodynamic parameters after sildenafi l treatment. The pharmacological modulation of the pulmonary vascular status is an important component of the treatment of patients with Fontan circulation.
{"title":"Invasive hemodynamic assessment of the effect of sildenafil treatment after Fontan operation","authors":"Elisaveta Levunlieva, A. Kaneva, Reneta Lekova, Kiparisiya Nenova-Karakasheva, L. Dimitrov","doi":"10.3897/bgcardio.28.e82260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/bgcardio.28.e82260","url":null,"abstract":"There is no pumping subpulmonary ventricle in patients with univentricular hemodynamics after Fontan type physiological correction of complex congenital heart defects (CHD). Hence the blood fl ow to the lungs is passive and depends on central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to provide adequate fi lling of the single ventricle. The increase in PVR leads to a reduction in ventricular fi lling and cardiac output, resulting in failure of the Fontan circulation (the so-called failing Fontan). Purpose. Invasive assessment of the hemodynamic effect of sildenafi l treatment in children with single ventricle Fontan circulation. Material and Methods. Twenty-six children (12 girls, 14 boys) with completed stages of Fontan type surgery in whom a selective pulmonary vasodilator (sildenafi l) has been administered during the follow-up have been investigated. An open-label, non-randomized, prospective invasive study of the hemodynamic effect of sildenafi l treatment in patients with completed Fontan surgery stages was performed. Results. A signifi cant decrease in the cavopulmonary pressure (from 16.58 ± 1.88 mm Hg to 13.80 ± 2.20 mm Hg; p < 0.001) and the pulmonary vascular resistance (from 2.02 ± 0.72 WU to 1.42 ± 0.41 WU; p = 0.001), increase of the pulmonary/systemic blood fl ow ratio (from 0.71 ± 0.21 to 0.83 ± 0.18; p < 0.05), as well as increase in the systemic oxygen saturation (from 85.65 ± 7.48% to 90.72 ± 4.53%; p = 0.005) were found. No signifi cant difference in hemodynamic parameters related to the ventricular morphology and the type of previous palliation was found. The only exception was the pulmonary blood fl ow after sildenafi l treatment, which was signifi cantly higher in children with а previous systemic to pulmonary shunt compared to children with а previous banding (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Our study showed signifi cant benefi cial changes in the main hemodynamic parameters after sildenafi l treatment. The pharmacological modulation of the pulmonary vascular status is an important component of the treatment of patients with Fontan circulation.","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47381143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81589
Kiparisiya Nenova
Imaging modalities are an important part of the diagnostic and therapeutic process in patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) - operated and non-operated. Angiography is the method of choice for complex cardiac anomalies, when the information from previous, non-invasive studies is insuffi cient and when an interventional treatment is intended. Interpreting angiographic images takes lots of practice and thorough knowledge of normal cardiac anatomy and anatomy of CHD. Obtaining accurate information is essential for the diagnosis and the therapeutic approach.
{"title":"Angiography in patients with congenital heart defects","authors":"Kiparisiya Nenova","doi":"10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/bgcardio.28.e81589","url":null,"abstract":"Imaging modalities are an important part of the diagnostic and therapeutic process in patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) - operated and non-operated. Angiography is the method of choice for complex cardiac anomalies, when the information from previous, non-invasive studies is insuffi cient and when an interventional treatment is intended. Interpreting angiographic images takes lots of practice and thorough knowledge of normal cardiac anatomy and anatomy of CHD. Obtaining accurate information is essential for the diagnosis and the therapeutic approach.","PeriodicalId":33976,"journal":{"name":"B''lgarska kardiologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46639008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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