A. I. Ibrahim, Rianatou Bada-Alambédji, J. Duprez, M. Djika, N. Moula, Isabelle Ote, M. Bardiau, J. Mainil
Though the government of Niger opted in 1975 for a policy of improving the dairy capability of the Azawak zebu cows, the national level of dairy production satisfies only 50% of population needs. Several reasons may explain this shortage, including the prevalence of mastitis. The purpose of this research was (i) to study the prevalence of mastitis at the Sahelian experimental station in Toukounous; (ii) to identify the bacterial species responsible; and (iii) to type the Staphylococcus (S. ) aureus isolates. Two hundred and sixty-five cows were tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the 112 CMT-positive milk samples (10.6%) from 104 cows (39.2%) were further tested for bacterial growth. Fifty-one of them (45.5%) gave a positive growth: half of the isolated bacteria belonged to the genus Staphylococcus and 23 (41.8%), to the species S. aureus . The majority of the S. aureus isolates belonged to the bovine biotype, formed biofilms, produced Small Colony Variants, grouped into closely related virulotypes, and belonged to two closely related pulsotypes. In conclusion, (i) the prevalence of presumptive mastitis in Toukounous is 40%; (ii) the genus Staphylococcus is the most frequent; and (ii) the 23 S. aureus isolates are closely related, though not clonal.
{"title":"Bacterial mastitis in the Azawak zebu breed at the Sahelian experimental station in Toukounous (Niger): Identification and typing of Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"A. I. Ibrahim, Rianatou Bada-Alambédji, J. Duprez, M. Djika, N. Moula, Isabelle Ote, M. Bardiau, J. Mainil","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2013.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2013.035","url":null,"abstract":"Though the government of Niger opted in 1975 for a policy of improving the dairy capability of the Azawak zebu cows, the national level of dairy production satisfies only 50% of population needs. Several reasons may explain this shortage, including the prevalence of mastitis. The purpose of this research was (i) to study the prevalence of mastitis at the Sahelian experimental station in Toukounous; (ii) to identify the bacterial species responsible; and (iii) to type the Staphylococcus (S. ) aureus isolates. Two hundred and sixty-five cows were tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the 112 CMT-positive milk samples (10.6%) from 104 cows (39.2%) were further tested for bacterial growth. Fifty-one of them (45.5%) gave a positive growth: half of the isolated bacteria belonged to the genus Staphylococcus and 23 (41.8%), to the species S. aureus . The majority of the S. aureus isolates belonged to the bovine biotype, formed biofilms, produced Small Colony Variants, grouped into closely related virulotypes, and belonged to two closely related pulsotypes. In conclusion, (i) the prevalence of presumptive mastitis in Toukounous is 40%; (ii) the genus Staphylococcus is the most frequent; and (ii) the 23 S. aureus isolates are closely related, though not clonal.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116020362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Hamid, A. Widyasari, Purwati, A. N. Krediastuti
Dengue virus is an important Flavivirus causing Dengue fever, a substantial public health cases in Indonesia. This article reported the application of multiplex PCR and RT-LAMP to detect Dengue virus from suspected infected-patients hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo hospital, Surabaya. In this study both RT-PCR and RT-LAMP could provide a definitive results for less than 2 h of work. Therefore, this experiment showed that the method could be applied for Dengue virus circulating from field samples and be used as routine laboratory testing or further epidemiology study.
{"title":"Application of combined multiplex-PCR and RT-LAMP to detect Dengue Fever, from clinically infected patients in Surabaya, Indonesia","authors":"P. Hamid, A. Widyasari, Purwati, A. N. Krediastuti","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2014.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2014.040","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus is an important Flavivirus causing Dengue fever, a substantial public health cases in Indonesia. This article reported the application of multiplex PCR and RT-LAMP to detect Dengue virus from suspected infected-patients hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo hospital, Surabaya. In this study both RT-PCR and RT-LAMP could provide a definitive results for less than 2 h of work. Therefore, this experiment showed that the method could be applied for Dengue virus circulating from field samples and be used as routine laboratory testing or further epidemiology study.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124366965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic patients have a higher risk of infections which is the leading trigger of diabetic ketoacidosis. The second most common infection in diabetics is urinary tract infection (UTI). Elevation of glucose level induces an inflammatory process within numerous tissues in the body leading to disturbance in cytokines level and oxidative stress. This study is divided into two parts, firstly it was to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infections in 84 Type 1 diabetes patients, 63 Type 2 diabetes patients and 57 ketoacidotic patients, and to determine the uropathogens responsible for ASB and UTIs as well as their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The second part is to determine the level of IL-1β, IL-6 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood samples of diabetic and ketoacidotic patients. Escherichia coli was the most common isolated bacterial uropathogen followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These isolates showed 100% sensitivity to cephalothin, imipenem, linezolid, teicoplanin, ceftobiprole and piperacillin-tazobactam. Upon examining cytokines level in diabetic patients, results showed higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6 than control samples, indicating inflammation and disturbance in the regulation of metabolic, regenerative, and neural processes, while SOD examination showed lower levels than control samples, indicating both micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications.
{"title":"Effect of diabetes on occurrence of urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria among diabetic and ketacidosis patients in Egypt","authors":"N. Adly, Yasser M Ragab, A. Hashem, A. Ahmady","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2015.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2015.139","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic patients have a higher risk of infections which is the leading trigger of diabetic ketoacidosis. The second most common infection in diabetics is urinary tract infection (UTI). Elevation of glucose level induces an inflammatory process within numerous tissues in the body leading to disturbance in cytokines level and oxidative stress. This study is divided into two parts, firstly it was to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infections in 84 Type 1 diabetes patients, 63 Type 2 diabetes patients and 57 ketoacidotic patients, and to determine the uropathogens responsible for ASB and UTIs as well as their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The second part is to determine the level of IL-1β, IL-6 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood samples of diabetic and ketoacidotic patients. Escherichia coli was the most common isolated bacterial uropathogen followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These isolates showed 100% sensitivity to cephalothin, imipenem, linezolid, teicoplanin, ceftobiprole and piperacillin-tazobactam. Upon examining cytokines level in diabetic patients, results showed higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6 than control samples, indicating inflammation and disturbance in the regulation of metabolic, regenerative, and neural processes, while SOD examination showed lower levels than control samples, indicating both micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116291290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giorgio Silva de Santana, E. C. Dip, F. Aguiar-Alves
Inserting a contamitaned vascular catheter during the surgical procedure is a factor that might promote biofilm formation on the catheter, possibly leading to bacteremia. The use of experimental models to evaluate organic changes allows a better understanding of infectious processes of multiple organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of methicillin resistance based on bacterial genetic differences in induced infection and subcutaneous catheter colonization, when comparing MRSA and MSSA infections outcomes. Subcutaneous infections with MRSA and MSSA bacterial suspension were performed in 15 Wistar rats divided into three groups as following: saline solution control group, MRSA and MSSA suspension at a 1 x 105 CFU/mL for infection. Subcutaneous polyestilene catheters were surgically inserted into the skin of the animals before the infection. After 72 hours, subcutaneous implants, heart, spleen and kidneys were harvested and evaluated. The animals presented a typical auto resolutive case of bacteremia. The catheters and organs presented the same S. aureus isolate genotype as inoculated with evident biofilm formation. Our results showed both MRSA and MSSA bacteremia can compromise multiple organs within 72 hours of infection.
{"title":"Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) cause dermonecrosis and bacteremia in rats","authors":"Giorgio Silva de Santana, E. C. Dip, F. Aguiar-Alves","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2014.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2014.041","url":null,"abstract":"Inserting a contamitaned vascular catheter during the surgical procedure is a factor that might promote biofilm formation on the catheter, possibly leading to bacteremia. The use of experimental models to evaluate organic changes allows a better understanding of infectious processes of multiple organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of methicillin resistance based on bacterial genetic differences in induced infection and subcutaneous catheter colonization, when comparing MRSA and MSSA infections outcomes. Subcutaneous infections with MRSA and MSSA bacterial suspension were performed in 15 Wistar rats divided into three groups as following: saline solution control group, MRSA and MSSA suspension at a 1 x 105 CFU/mL for infection. Subcutaneous polyestilene catheters were surgically inserted into the skin of the animals before the infection. After 72 hours, subcutaneous implants, heart, spleen and kidneys were harvested and evaluated. The animals presented a typical auto resolutive case of bacteremia. The catheters and organs presented the same S. aureus isolate genotype as inoculated with evident biofilm formation. Our results showed both MRSA and MSSA bacteremia can compromise multiple organs within 72 hours of infection.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127959532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the application of intuitionistic fuzzy sets(IFSs), distance measures play a very important role in decision science. Though different distance measures of IFSs are developed with various aspects, many of them do not satisfy the axioms of distance measure or encounter some counterintuitive cases. To fill up the deficiency it is always useful to define novel distance measures, which motivates us towards the development of new distance measure. This paper presents a new method for distance measure between IFSs. For the efficiency and validity of the proposed distance measure a comparitive study is carried out with the numerical examples and also the distance measure is applied in a multi criteria decision making process. Finaly, two medical diagnosis problems are discudssed under this setting.
{"title":"Disease diagnosis using an advanced distance measure for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets","authors":"Pranjal Talukdar, P. Dutta","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2018.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2018.021","url":null,"abstract":"In the application of intuitionistic fuzzy sets(IFSs), distance measures play a very important role in decision science. Though different distance measures of IFSs are developed with various aspects, many of them do not satisfy the axioms of distance measure or encounter some counterintuitive cases. To fill up the deficiency it is always useful to define novel distance measures, which motivates us towards the development of new distance measure. This paper presents a new method for distance measure between IFSs. For the efficiency and validity of the proposed distance measure a comparitive study is carried out with the numerical examples and also the distance measure is applied in a multi criteria decision making process. Finaly, two medical diagnosis problems are discudssed under this setting.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133523148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr Oludare temitope Osuntokun, Taiye Anangwureyi Jemilaiye, A. Yusuf-Babatunde, Akele E.O
The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial properties and phenotypic resistance pattern of selected enteropathogenic microorganism on Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract. Enteropathogenic isolates were collected from Adekunle Ajasin University Health Centre, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State and were identified using Microbact™ 24E Identification kit. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out against the enteropathogenic organism using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, imipenem was active against Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter gerogoviae, with diameter zone of inhibition of 41 mm, 26 mm and 30 mm. ofloxacin were active against Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter gergoviae, with diameter zone of inhibition of 21, 31 and 21 mm. All enteropathogenic organisms shows high resistant rate against oxacilin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, cefoxitin, tazobactam. Antimicrobial screening of the leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides revealed high bioactivity against Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter agglomerans and Proteus mirabilis isolates with diameter zone of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 22 mm at 100 mg/ml. Using broth dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the Ageratum conyzoides (Goatweed) extract range from 25 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The phytochemical screening results shows that Ageratum conyzoides extract contained alkaloid, pholobotannins, Cardiac glycoside, phenol, tannins, saponin, and flavonoids. It can be deduced from this research work that Ageratum conyzoides has better antimicrobial properties and it contains very important phytochemical constituents which can be a magic bullet to deal with the menace of antimicrobial resistance enteropathogenic microorganism.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Composition, and Phenotypic Resistance Pattern of Selected Enteropathogenic Microorganism on Ageratum conyzoides (Goat Weed) Leaf Extract","authors":"Dr Oludare temitope Osuntokun, Taiye Anangwureyi Jemilaiye, A. Yusuf-Babatunde, Akele E.O","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2018.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2018.017","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial properties and phenotypic resistance pattern of selected enteropathogenic microorganism on Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract. Enteropathogenic isolates were collected from Adekunle Ajasin University Health Centre, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State and were identified using Microbact™ 24E Identification kit. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out against the enteropathogenic organism using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, imipenem was active against Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter gerogoviae, with diameter zone of inhibition of 41 mm, 26 mm and 30 mm. ofloxacin were active against Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter gergoviae, with diameter zone of inhibition of 21, 31 and 21 mm. All enteropathogenic organisms shows high resistant rate against oxacilin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, cefoxitin, tazobactam. Antimicrobial screening of the leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides revealed high bioactivity against Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter agglomerans and Proteus mirabilis isolates with diameter zone of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 22 mm at 100 mg/ml. Using broth dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the Ageratum conyzoides (Goatweed) extract range from 25 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The phytochemical screening results shows that Ageratum conyzoides extract contained alkaloid, pholobotannins, Cardiac glycoside, phenol, tannins, saponin, and flavonoids. It can be deduced from this research work that Ageratum conyzoides has better antimicrobial properties and it contains very important phytochemical constituents which can be a magic bullet to deal with the menace of antimicrobial resistance enteropathogenic microorganism.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115331035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biocontrol agent often used to reduce sources of disease, such as bacteria, fungi, and mosquito. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi are increasing due to excessive used of antimicrobial substances. Chemical substances used to kill mosquito larvae in water environment might also be dangerous for human and environment. Hence, a biocontrol agent is required to be safe and effective. The purpose of this study is to discover bacteria from waterfall and marine water which has a good potential as biocontrol agent. Four waterfall bacteria (S 1.1, S 2.1, S 3.1, and S 3.2) and three marine bacteria (A 1.1, A 1.2, and PA 1.3C) were proved to have antifungal activity towards pathogenic fungal. PA 1.3A was the only marine bacteria which proved to have antimicrobial activity towards Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae. Extraction of antimicrobial substance using several solvents resulted in larger clear zone diameter and inhibition of other bacteria, such as Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus aureus. Extracted antimicrobial substance of PA 1.3A was also proved to be non toxic towards Aedes aegypti larvae through larvicidal assay and mammals through brine shrimp lethality assay (LC50 > 1000μg/mL).
{"title":"Screening of secondary metabolite from waterfall and marine bacteria as biocontrol agent","authors":"S. Magdalena, Clarisa Marlim","doi":"10.14303/irjm.2017.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/irjm.2017.020","url":null,"abstract":"Biocontrol agent often used to reduce sources of disease, such as bacteria, fungi, and mosquito. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi are increasing due to excessive used of antimicrobial substances. Chemical substances used to kill mosquito larvae in water environment might also be dangerous for human and environment. Hence, a biocontrol agent is required to be safe and effective. The purpose of this study is to discover bacteria from waterfall and marine water which has a good potential as biocontrol agent. Four waterfall bacteria (S 1.1, S 2.1, S 3.1, and S 3.2) and three marine bacteria (A 1.1, A 1.2, and PA 1.3C) were proved to have antifungal activity towards pathogenic fungal. PA 1.3A was the only marine bacteria which proved to have antimicrobial activity towards Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae. Extraction of antimicrobial substance using several solvents resulted in larger clear zone diameter and inhibition of other bacteria, such as Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus aureus. Extracted antimicrobial substance of PA 1.3A was also proved to be non toxic towards Aedes aegypti larvae through larvicidal assay and mammals through brine shrimp lethality assay (LC50 > 1000μg/mL).","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114681687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human gut is inhabited by millions of identified and unidentified microbes. It forms an intricate and active, lively and effective population known as the gut microbiota that directly or indirectly affects the hosts’ normal life cycle. It is observed that each organism has a unique microbiota that is in direct interface with the environment. Its composition and diversity is dependent on several factors, that may be any of the, i.e., age, surrounding, life style, food we eat, even with any past medical crisis that we have encountered directly affects the microbiota. It is observed that the microbiota effects the immunological cycle of host. Any change or alteration in the microbiota can led to multiple diseases and can also be the factor for the future related problems, so, it becomes essential to identify the diversity of microbe within the host. As much of the microbes resides in the large intestine, so the human fecal sample being the most appropriate selection for isolation. For identification the 16S rDNA technique has emerged as the most significant one the work. This review summarises our current understanding of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, its impact on host health aiming to isolate and identify the microbiota using the 16S rDNA sequencing technique.
{"title":"Need for identification of gut microbiota with the use of 16s rDNA Sequencing Technique","authors":"Ayush Goyal","doi":"10.14303/irjm.2018.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/irjm.2018.027","url":null,"abstract":"Human gut is inhabited by millions of identified and unidentified microbes. It forms an intricate and active, lively and effective population known as the gut microbiota that directly or indirectly affects the hosts’ normal life cycle. It is observed that each organism has a unique microbiota that is in direct interface with the environment. Its composition and diversity is dependent on several factors, that may be any of the, i.e., age, surrounding, life style, food we eat, even with any past medical crisis that we have encountered directly affects the microbiota. It is observed that the microbiota effects the immunological cycle of host. Any change or alteration in the microbiota can led to multiple diseases and can also be the factor for the future related problems, so, it becomes essential to identify the diversity of microbe within the host. As much of the microbes resides in the large intestine, so the human fecal sample being the most appropriate selection for isolation. For identification the 16S rDNA technique has emerged as the most significant one the work. This review summarises our current understanding of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, its impact on host health aiming to isolate and identify the microbiota using the 16S rDNA sequencing technique.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129638011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. E. Goussanou, T. Kpodékon, C. Saegerman, E. Azagoun, K. A., I. Youssao, S. Farougou, N. Praet, S. Gabriël, P. Dorny, Nicolas Korsak
Porcine cysticercosis, which is widely distributed in Africa, causes financial losses and diseases among humans. To control the disease in an area, it is important to know the geographical distribution. In this study, spatial distribution of porcine cysticercosis in southern Benin was performed. By using the number of partial organ seizures at meat inspection, the study has revealed high risks of porcine cysticercosis in administrative districts of Aplahoue, Dogbo, Klouekanme and Lokossa. The proportion of seizures ranged from 0.06% for neck muscles to 0.69% for tongues. Spatial analysis of carcass seizure frequencies revealed Akpro Misserete, Avrankou, Dangbo, Porto-Novo, Ifangni and Aguegues as the most likely clusters (P<0.001) for porcine cysticercosis distribution. The risk factor found to be associated with the porcine distribution was the Taenia solium cysticerci positive testing using lingual examination by butchers and retailers. Catching of pig within the Zou and Mono department and pigs directly purchased by the butcher were found protective factors for distribution of porcine cysticercosis in southern Benin.
{"title":"Spatial distribution and risks factors of porcine cysticercosis in southern Benin based meat inspection records","authors":"J. E. Goussanou, T. Kpodékon, C. Saegerman, E. Azagoun, K. A., I. Youssao, S. Farougou, N. Praet, S. Gabriël, P. Dorny, Nicolas Korsak","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2013.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2013.043","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine cysticercosis, which is widely distributed in Africa, causes financial losses and diseases among humans. To control the disease in an area, it is important to know the geographical distribution. In this study, spatial distribution of porcine cysticercosis in southern Benin was performed. By using the number of partial organ seizures at meat inspection, the study has revealed high risks of porcine cysticercosis in administrative districts of Aplahoue, Dogbo, Klouekanme and Lokossa. The proportion of seizures ranged from 0.06% for neck muscles to 0.69% for tongues. Spatial analysis of carcass seizure frequencies revealed Akpro Misserete, Avrankou, Dangbo, Porto-Novo, Ifangni and Aguegues as the most likely clusters (P<0.001) for porcine cysticercosis distribution. The risk factor found to be associated with the porcine distribution was the Taenia solium cysticerci positive testing using lingual examination by butchers and retailers. Catching of pig within the Zou and Mono department and pigs directly purchased by the butcher were found protective factors for distribution of porcine cysticercosis in southern Benin.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"195 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132625607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present work was aimed to find the effect of biocontrol agents on the Damping off in Withania Somnifera which becomes victim of many soil borne fungi. Damping off a major disease at seedling stage to curb various conventional pesticides was used which carried negative impact. During study seeds were treated first with Azotobacter that showed moderate germination followed by combined treatment of Azotobacter and trichoderma which showed very high. Also it was found that disease frequency was high in replicas of control because no biocontrol / biofertilizer were applied. Trichoderma alone had moderate effect on Damping off. Finally, Azotobacter and trichoderma synergistically showed best results against the disease as former helped in growth parameters while later fights against causative pathogen.
{"title":"Biocontrol of Damping off in Withania Somnifera (L) Dunal","authors":"S. Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Lone, Sheikh Subzar Ahmad","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2014.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2014.022","url":null,"abstract":"Present work was aimed to find the effect of biocontrol agents on the Damping off in Withania Somnifera which becomes victim of many soil borne fungi. Damping off a major disease at seedling stage to curb various conventional pesticides was used which carried negative impact. During study seeds were treated first with Azotobacter that showed moderate germination followed by combined treatment of Azotobacter and trichoderma which showed very high. Also it was found that disease frequency was high in replicas of control because no biocontrol / biofertilizer were applied. Trichoderma alone had moderate effect on Damping off. Finally, Azotobacter and trichoderma synergistically showed best results against the disease as former helped in growth parameters while later fights against causative pathogen.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128620845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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