Musad, A. Fajinmi, R. Abdullahi, A. E. Irhue, I. Toma
This study was intended to update the epidemiological status of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness in Ukwuani and Ethope East Local Government Areas (LGAs) Delta State, Nigeria, and to establish a HAT control programme. In 2012, 1979 people from 26 villages were serologically screened for Trypanosomabruceigambiense, the causative agent of HAT. In 2012, surveys were carried out in villages where HAT cases had been identified. 119individuals were screened using the card agglutination Trypanosomiasis test (CATT), and then parasitologically examined for the presence of the parasite. CATT- positive individuals in whom the presence of the parasite could not be confirmed were further tested with the CATT using serum dilutions, and those with a positive antibody titer of 1 – in – 4or above were followed-up. Patients with 10 white cells and no trypanosomes in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were classified as being in the second stage of the disease. Vector control was also considered necessary.In this survey, of the 1979 people screened, consisting of 7(0.57%) out of 1220 females and 4(0.53%) out of 759 males with no difference in sex – specificincidences. The positive cases occurred in Umutu and Umuebu communities in Ukuwani LGA, and in Ovu and Okpara inland communities in Ethiope- East LGA.
{"title":"Mass Survey of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ukwani and Ethiope East Local Government Areas, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"Musad, A. Fajinmi, R. Abdullahi, A. E. Irhue, I. Toma","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2018.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2018.016","url":null,"abstract":"This study was intended to update the epidemiological status of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness in Ukwuani and Ethope East Local Government Areas (LGAs) Delta State, Nigeria, and to establish a HAT control programme. In 2012, 1979 people from 26 villages were serologically screened for Trypanosomabruceigambiense, the causative agent of HAT. In 2012, surveys were carried out in villages where HAT cases had been identified. 119individuals were screened using the card agglutination Trypanosomiasis test (CATT), and then parasitologically examined for the presence of the parasite. CATT- positive individuals in whom the presence of the parasite could not be confirmed were further tested with the CATT using serum dilutions, and those with a positive antibody titer of 1 – in – 4or above were followed-up. Patients with 10 white cells and no trypanosomes in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were classified as being in the second stage of the disease. Vector control was also considered necessary.In this survey, of the 1979 people screened, consisting of 7(0.57%) out of 1220 females and 4(0.53%) out of 759 males with no difference in sex – specificincidences. The positive cases occurred in Umutu and Umuebu communities in Ukuwani LGA, and in Ovu and Okpara inland communities in Ethiope- East LGA.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125786169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing agricultural sector in the world which has been constrained by several factors. Infectious disease is a key limitations to the sustainable development of aquaculture sector. This paper reviewed the application and efficiency of probiotic microorganisms in aquaculture to prevent infectious diseases and their effects on fish immunology. Information was collected from different secondary sources like journals, reports, articles and electronic media and arranged chronologically. The study reveals that, currently, many probiotic products extracted from different species of bacteria including Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Carnobacterium sp., Enterococcus sp. and a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are commercially available for use in aquaculture. Probiotics have gained popularity in aquaculture as an alternative to the antibiotic in the prevention of infectious diseases of fish because probiotics are eco-friendly. This review also shows that, probiotics have significant effect on growth rate, feed utilization capacity and the immune performance of finfish, shrimp, prawns and crabs in aquaculture. Probiotics are able to interfere with colonization of harmful pathogens and to improve the water quality through decomposition of uneaten food materials, nitrate and other organic materials.
{"title":"Probiotic Strains Used in Aquaculture","authors":"S. H. T. Shefat","doi":"10.14303/irjm.2018.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/irjm.2018.023","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing agricultural sector in the world which has been constrained by several factors. Infectious disease is a key limitations to the sustainable development of aquaculture sector. This paper reviewed the application and efficiency of probiotic microorganisms in aquaculture to prevent infectious diseases and their effects on fish immunology. Information was collected from different secondary sources like journals, reports, articles and electronic media and arranged chronologically. The study reveals that, currently, many probiotic products extracted from different species of bacteria including Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Carnobacterium sp., Enterococcus sp. and a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are commercially available for use in aquaculture. Probiotics have gained popularity in aquaculture as an alternative to the antibiotic in the prevention of infectious diseases of fish because probiotics are eco-friendly. This review also shows that, probiotics have significant effect on growth rate, feed utilization capacity and the immune performance of finfish, shrimp, prawns and crabs in aquaculture. Probiotics are able to interfere with colonization of harmful pathogens and to improve the water quality through decomposition of uneaten food materials, nitrate and other organic materials.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116809601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in isolates of P. vulgaris (Pv ), P. mirabilis (Pm ), P. hauseri (Ph ) and P. penneri (Pp ) was determined in our previous study. Here pathogenic features of isolates were investigated. Strong swarming motility was found in isolate 91 2(Pm ) although MDR had no effect on swarming. Inter-species swarming patterns in Proteus were different regardless of MDR-spectrum. Pv , Pm showed bull's eye swarming pattern and Pp , Ph featureless mat. Isolates’ variable onset times for urea hydrolysis were a consequence of urease producing abilities but not the activities of ureases. Possibly urease production is correlated to the cellular response under urea-induced media. In contrast, total time required to consume a constant amount of urea was identical to intra-species Proteus isolates. Ph requires 3h, Pm 5h, Pp 6-7h and Pv 9h that can be used as research tool for identification of Proteus species. MDR had no effects on the rate of cell proliferation. Ph is found as more opportunistic pathogen than others. Strong proteolysis by proteases of isolate 91 2 (Pm ) was a hyperactive effect of ZapA or other unknown proteases. Thus, 91 2 (Pm ) marked as most pathogenic Proteus strain regarding swarming and proteases. Further qualitative and quantitative analyses of proteases in 91 2 (Pm ) remain to be elucidated.
{"title":"Extended spectrum multi-drug resistance versus pathogenic factors- swarming, proteases, and urease- of Proteus species","authors":"A. Chouduri, A. Wadud, A. Islam","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2013.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2013.052","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in isolates of P. vulgaris (Pv ), P. mirabilis (Pm ), P. hauseri (Ph ) and P. penneri (Pp ) was determined in our previous study. Here pathogenic features of isolates were investigated. Strong swarming motility was found in isolate 91 2(Pm ) although MDR had no effect on swarming. Inter-species swarming patterns in Proteus were different regardless of MDR-spectrum. Pv , Pm showed bull's eye swarming pattern and Pp , Ph featureless mat. Isolates’ variable onset times for urea hydrolysis were a consequence of urease producing abilities but not the activities of ureases. Possibly urease production is correlated to the cellular response under urea-induced media. In contrast, total time required to consume a constant amount of urea was identical to intra-species Proteus isolates. Ph requires 3h, Pm 5h, Pp 6-7h and Pv 9h that can be used as research tool for identification of Proteus species. MDR had no effects on the rate of cell proliferation. Ph is found as more opportunistic pathogen than others. Strong proteolysis by proteases of isolate 91 2 (Pm ) was a hyperactive effect of ZapA or other unknown proteases. Thus, 91 2 (Pm ) marked as most pathogenic Proteus strain regarding swarming and proteases. Further qualitative and quantitative analyses of proteases in 91 2 (Pm ) remain to be elucidated.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129962016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Alsubaie, Abdulsalam M. AL-Mekhlafi, L. A. Al-shibani, Samara M.A. AL-Eryani, A. Azazy
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the hygienic status of commonly used raw vegetables through the identification of their possible contamination with parasites as well as to the hygienic capability of using tap water in washing raw vegetables. Overall, 240 vegetable samples were randomly collected from local market. Four common types of raw vegetable (60 for each type), 120 of them were washed with tap water while the other half were washed with normal saline, with the aim of comparing their efficiency for parasite extraction from raw vegetables. Among samples washed with tap water, 28 (23.3%) were contaminated, while different type of parasites were detected in 30 (25%) of the samples washed with normal saline solution. With the exception of radish, all other three types of vegetables were contaminated with ova of Ascaris lumbricoides and Hymenolepis nana, while Trichuris trichiura was isolated only from green onions. Cysts of Entameba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis were extracted from radish while Giardia intestinalis was detected only in leeks. Tap water showed similar efficiency as normal saline in extraction of pathogenic parasites. These findings have important implications for food safety. Raw vegetables may threaten public health by transmitting intestinal parasites to humans. Further studies are recommended for a better understanding of the occurrence of possible infectious pathogens in raw food, and the status of hygienic knowledge, attitudes and practices among vegetables producers
{"title":"Hygienic Assessment of Pathogenic Contamination in Raw Vegetables in Local Markets: an Implication for Public Health","authors":"A. Alsubaie, Abdulsalam M. AL-Mekhlafi, L. A. Al-shibani, Samara M.A. AL-Eryani, A. Azazy","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2014.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2014.011","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the hygienic status of commonly used raw vegetables through the identification of their possible contamination with parasites as well as to the hygienic capability of using tap water in washing raw vegetables. Overall, 240 vegetable samples were randomly collected from local market. Four common types of raw vegetable (60 for each type), 120 of them were washed with tap water while the other half were washed with normal saline, with the aim of comparing their efficiency for parasite extraction from raw vegetables. Among samples washed with tap water, 28 (23.3%) were contaminated, while different type of parasites were detected in 30 (25%) of the samples washed with normal saline solution. With the exception of radish, all other three types of vegetables were contaminated with ova of Ascaris lumbricoides and Hymenolepis nana, while Trichuris trichiura was isolated only from green onions. Cysts of Entameba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis were extracted from radish while Giardia intestinalis was detected only in leeks. Tap water showed similar efficiency as normal saline in extraction of pathogenic parasites. These findings have important implications for food safety. Raw vegetables may threaten public health by transmitting intestinal parasites to humans. Further studies are recommended for a better understanding of the occurrence of possible infectious pathogens in raw food, and the status of hygienic knowledge, attitudes and practices among vegetables producers","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128596823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Omotayo, O. Shonubi, E. G. Towuru, S. E. Babalola, M. Ilori, O. Amund
A rhizoremediation study was carried out on hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with Paspalum vaginatum (Sw.), a stoloniferous, perennial grass of the family Poaceae found mainly in the subtropics and tropical regions of the world. The contaminated soil analyses indicated a decrease in the level of hydrocarbons present after phytoremediation. There was equally, a significant reduction in growth parameters of the plant such as plant height, leaf number, tiller number and total dry weighth, compared to the control. Anatomical studies of sections of the plants' stems did not reveal the presence of accumulated oil within the tissues but rather denatured internal parenchymal cells structure were observed. Bacteria capable of degrading hydrocarbons were isolated from the rhizosphere of the grass. The isolates include: Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus pumilus , Bacillus sphaericus and Serratia marcescens . Growth in mineral salts medium supplemented with 0.5% crude oil for 21 days resulted in 95.9%, 95.6%, 98.3% and 96.7% degradation of oil for Arthrobacter sp., B. pumilus, S. marcescens and B. sphaericus respectively. A soil microcosm set up with the consortium of the isolates resulted in 87.7% degradation of crude oil in 45 days. These results suggest that P. vaginatum and its associated microbes are good candidates for rhizoremediation of hydrocarbon polluted soils.
{"title":"Rhizoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by Paspalum vaginatum (Sw.) and its associated bacteria","authors":"A. Omotayo, O. Shonubi, E. G. Towuru, S. E. Babalola, M. Ilori, O. Amund","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2014.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2014.010","url":null,"abstract":"A rhizoremediation study was carried out on hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with Paspalum vaginatum (Sw.), a stoloniferous, perennial grass of the family Poaceae found mainly in the subtropics and tropical regions of the world. The contaminated soil analyses indicated a decrease in the level of hydrocarbons present after phytoremediation. There was equally, a significant reduction in growth parameters of the plant such as plant height, leaf number, tiller number and total dry weighth, compared to the control. Anatomical studies of sections of the plants' stems did not reveal the presence of accumulated oil within the tissues but rather denatured internal parenchymal cells structure were observed. Bacteria capable of degrading hydrocarbons were isolated from the rhizosphere of the grass. The isolates include: Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus pumilus , Bacillus sphaericus and Serratia marcescens . Growth in mineral salts medium supplemented with 0.5% crude oil for 21 days resulted in 95.9%, 95.6%, 98.3% and 96.7% degradation of oil for Arthrobacter sp., B. pumilus, S. marcescens and B. sphaericus respectively. A soil microcosm set up with the consortium of the isolates resulted in 87.7% degradation of crude oil in 45 days. These results suggest that P. vaginatum and its associated microbes are good candidates for rhizoremediation of hydrocarbon polluted soils.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122188433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Haniffa, S. Viswanathan, D. Jancy, K. Poomari, S. Manik, An
The purpose behind the current investigation was to understand the role of antibacterial activity of mucus in marketed air breathing fishes viz : against the selected human and fish pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, efforts have been made to screen the antimicrobial efficacy of the mucus harvested from two marketed air-breathing fishes namely Channa striatus and Heteropneustes fossilis. The antimicrobial effect of mucus was tested at 30ul concentration by well diffusion method against ten bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogens (Gram Positive), Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholera (Gram Negative) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (Acid-fast bacilli). The activity was measured in terms of zone of the inhibition in mm. Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control. The antibacterial effect was noted in the mucus collected from both the fishes. Even though the effect of mucus was found to be lesser when compared to the antibiotic – ciprofloxacin, considerable effect against all the bacteria was noted irrespective of their type and species. Higher antibacterial zones were noted against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative and acid fast bacilli. Maximum zonation was noted against Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp (12 mm) with C.striatus mucus. Except M.smegmatis , the effect of mucus from C.striatus for presented a better activity than that of H.fossilis . The findings of the current investigation candidly revealed that the mucus of air breathing fish may be a potential source of antibacterial agent towards the management of bacterial ailments among fish and human.
{"title":"Antibacterial studies of fish mucus from two marketed air-breathing fishes - Channa striatus and Heteropneustes fossilis","authors":"M. Haniffa, S. Viswanathan, D. Jancy, K. Poomari, S. Manik, An","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2014.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2014.013","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose behind the current investigation was to understand the role of antibacterial activity of mucus in marketed air breathing fishes viz : against the selected human and fish pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, efforts have been made to screen the antimicrobial efficacy of the mucus harvested from two marketed air-breathing fishes namely Channa striatus and Heteropneustes fossilis. The antimicrobial effect of mucus was tested at 30ul concentration by well diffusion method against ten bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogens (Gram Positive), Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholera (Gram Negative) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (Acid-fast bacilli). The activity was measured in terms of zone of the inhibition in mm. Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control. The antibacterial effect was noted in the mucus collected from both the fishes. Even though the effect of mucus was found to be lesser when compared to the antibiotic – ciprofloxacin, considerable effect against all the bacteria was noted irrespective of their type and species. Higher antibacterial zones were noted against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative and acid fast bacilli. Maximum zonation was noted against Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp (12 mm) with C.striatus mucus. Except M.smegmatis , the effect of mucus from C.striatus for presented a better activity than that of H.fossilis . The findings of the current investigation candidly revealed that the mucus of air breathing fish may be a potential source of antibacterial agent towards the management of bacterial ailments among fish and human.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129279275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out to isolate and identify the common Bacteria causing respiratory tract infections among patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital between August and October, 2011, and the current sensitivity patterns of the isolated bacteria to common commercially antibiotic prepared disc. Fourty three (43) bacterial pathogens were isolated from two hundred (200) samples collected. Streptococcus pneumoniae (25.6%) has the highest percentage of occurrence, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.9%), Escherichia coli (20.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus, (16.3%) respectively. Others include Proteus species (4.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.7%) and Serratia species (2.3%) as well. Age ranges 20 - 29 and 30 - 39 have the highest percentage of pathogens isolated. The sensitivity patterns of the isolated bacteria to commercially antibiotic prepared disc indicated that drugs likes Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidine, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol shows activity on all the pathogens isolated.
{"title":"Bacterial isolates of the respiratory tract infection and their current sensitivity pattern among patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano-Nigeria","authors":"D. W. Taura, A. Hassan, A. Yayo, H. Takalmawa","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2013.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2013.048","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to isolate and identify the common Bacteria causing respiratory tract infections among patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital between August and October, 2011, and the current sensitivity patterns of the isolated bacteria to common commercially antibiotic prepared disc. Fourty three (43) bacterial pathogens were isolated from two hundred (200) samples collected. Streptococcus pneumoniae (25.6%) has the highest percentage of occurrence, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.9%), Escherichia coli (20.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus, (16.3%) respectively. Others include Proteus species (4.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.7%) and Serratia species (2.3%) as well. Age ranges 20 - 29 and 30 - 39 have the highest percentage of pathogens isolated. The sensitivity patterns of the isolated bacteria to commercially antibiotic prepared disc indicated that drugs likes Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidine, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol shows activity on all the pathogens isolated.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128998547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Street vended fruits are fruits which are sold by street vendors and require no further processing like peeling, slicing and washing before consumption. A total of seventy-five (75) samples of sliced fruits: pineapples (20), pawpaw (25), watermelons (15) and coconut (15) were purchased from different vendors in Ijebu area of Ogun State and pour plate method was used to analyze the samples to determine their microbiological safety. Identification of gram negative, oxidase negative bacteria was done using API 20E kit and the conventional biochemical testing for gram positive bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method. The microbial load for pawpaw was in the range of 2.6-8.0 × 10 5 cfu/ml, Pineapple 1.2 - 2.3 ×10 5 cfu/ml, Coconut 0.5 - 5.6 × 10 5 cfu/ml and watermelon 3.0 - 9.3 × 10 5 cfu/ml Bacteria isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus spp, Streptococcus spp , E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia plymuthica, Serratia ficaria, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis. Antibiotic sensitivity test carried out on the isolates revealed that many of the bacteria showed an intermediate to sensitive reaction to most of the antibiotics tested. All the gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, Cloxacillin and most were resistant to cefuroxime. All the gram negative isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol. K. pneumoniae was resistant to pefloxacin and co-trimoxazole. S. plymuthica was sensitive to all the antibiotics. Transmission of resistant bacteria is a potential concern with unhygienic handling of sliced fruits. Better handling process and health education is crucial to preventing spread of resistant bacteria and food poisoning through these otherwise commonly consumed fruits.
{"title":"Antimicrobial sensitivity of bacterial isolates from street vended fruits in Ijebu area of Ogun state, Nigeria","authors":"Adesetan, Egberongbe, Ilusanya, Bello","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2013.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2013.046","url":null,"abstract":"Street vended fruits are fruits which are sold by street vendors and require no further processing like peeling, slicing and washing before consumption. A total of seventy-five (75) samples of sliced fruits: pineapples (20), pawpaw (25), watermelons (15) and coconut (15) were purchased from different vendors in Ijebu area of Ogun State and pour plate method was used to analyze the samples to determine their microbiological safety. Identification of gram negative, oxidase negative bacteria was done using API 20E kit and the conventional biochemical testing for gram positive bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method. The microbial load for pawpaw was in the range of 2.6-8.0 × 10 5 cfu/ml, Pineapple 1.2 - 2.3 ×10 5 cfu/ml, Coconut 0.5 - 5.6 × 10 5 cfu/ml and watermelon 3.0 - 9.3 × 10 5 cfu/ml Bacteria isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus spp, Streptococcus spp , E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia plymuthica, Serratia ficaria, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis. Antibiotic sensitivity test carried out on the isolates revealed that many of the bacteria showed an intermediate to sensitive reaction to most of the antibiotics tested. All the gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, Cloxacillin and most were resistant to cefuroxime. All the gram negative isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol. K. pneumoniae was resistant to pefloxacin and co-trimoxazole. S. plymuthica was sensitive to all the antibiotics. Transmission of resistant bacteria is a potential concern with unhygienic handling of sliced fruits. Better handling process and health education is crucial to preventing spread of resistant bacteria and food poisoning through these otherwise commonly consumed fruits.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132091128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procalcitonin is a peptide with 116amino-acid sequence and precursor of the hormone calcitonin. It is an acute phase protein whose plasma level evaluation has found clinical application in the diagnosis of bacterial infections and consequently differentiation from viral infections. It has been shown to possess better diagnostic indices than other potential biomarkers in this regard such as C-reactive protein. The afore mentioned utility of Procalcitonin (PCT) carries a lot of associated benefits which include reduction in misuse of antibiotics with the consequent outcome of antibiotic resistance, lesser cost of care, decrease in hospital stay and overall morbidity and mortality. Unlike in the developed world where it has found widespread utilization, PCT is yet to be applied in similar fashion in our country. Reasons for the above scenario have not been scientifically investigated and documented leaving just hypothetical assumptions. In this short review, I tried to speculate on the possible hypotheses.
{"title":"Procalcitonin; appraisal of a useful tool for antimicrobial therapy-a chemical pathologist’s perspective","authors":"M. Nwegbu","doi":"10.14303/IRJM.2015.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJM.2015.144","url":null,"abstract":"Procalcitonin is a peptide with 116amino-acid sequence and precursor of the hormone calcitonin. It is an acute phase protein whose plasma level evaluation has found clinical application in the diagnosis of bacterial infections and consequently differentiation from viral infections. It has been shown to possess better diagnostic indices than other potential biomarkers in this regard such as C-reactive protein. The afore mentioned utility of Procalcitonin (PCT) carries a lot of associated benefits which include reduction in misuse of antibiotics with the consequent outcome of antibiotic resistance, lesser cost of care, decrease in hospital stay and overall morbidity and mortality. Unlike in the developed world where it has found widespread utilization, PCT is yet to be applied in similar fashion in our country. Reasons for the above scenario have not been scientifically investigated and documented leaving just hypothetical assumptions. In this short review, I tried to speculate on the possible hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133471178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helicobacter pylori is spiral shaped Gram negative bacterium, colonizes the stomach and can persist for a lifetime if not completely eradicated. Infection caused by this bacterium is the most common in the world and it is much widespread in developing countries. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance is increasing. It is the main factor displeasing efficacy of current treatment regimens. The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics is poorly documented in developing countries with many reasons. Therefore, this review aims to assess the prevalence and drug resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori. Different literature was searched with different electronic databases and reviewed systematically to get tangible findings. This review tries to include recent articles across the world by giving more emphasis for Africa performed on prevalence and drug resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori. According to this review there is a need to embark on more studies to draw attention to the clinical and epidemiological significance of this pathogens.
{"title":"Prevalence and Emergence of Drug Resistance in Helicobacter pylori: Review","authors":"Tsegahun Asfaw","doi":"10.14303/irjm.2018.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/irjm.2018.024","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori is spiral shaped Gram negative bacterium, colonizes the stomach and can persist for a lifetime if not completely eradicated. Infection caused by this bacterium is the most common in the world and it is much widespread in developing countries. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance is increasing. It is the main factor displeasing efficacy of current treatment regimens. The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics is poorly documented in developing countries with many reasons. Therefore, this review aims to assess the prevalence and drug resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori. Different literature was searched with different electronic databases and reviewed systematically to get tangible findings. This review tries to include recent articles across the world by giving more emphasis for Africa performed on prevalence and drug resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori. According to this review there is a need to embark on more studies to draw attention to the clinical and epidemiological significance of this pathogens.","PeriodicalId":339780,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134536994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：