Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2019.164323
E. A. Hamza, A. Hussain
{"title":"Effect of magnetic field on mixed convection in superposed Nanofluid and porous layers inside lid-driven cavity","authors":"E. A. Hamza, A. Hussain","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2019.164323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2019.164323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126448469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2019.164355
Tahseen A. Gelmiran, K. Othman, M. Gunal
In this study, the establish on laboratory experiments for computing the depth of local scour (ds) around group bridge pier. For this purpose, fifteen models of bridge piers were constructed and tested, divided into five groups, of each group containing three bridge piers with the same specifications. The diameter of upstream bridge piers (D1) was varied to 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm, and diameter of downstream bridge piers (D2) 10 cm for all. The spacing (S) between the bridge piers was varied three times 20, 30, and 50 cm for all groups. Considering the effectiveness study of upstream flow conditions, the size of diameters of bridge piers, the spacing between bridge piers and medium size of bed material on the maximum scour depth and scour pattern around bridge piers. The study was conductedby employing a physical hydraulic model for bridge piers operated below subcritical flow, clear-water condition and exploitation uniform cohesionless sand as bed material. The experimental results showed the scour depth (ds) increasing whenever increasing the upstream diameter (D1) of bridge pier and decreasing whenever decreasing the spacing (S) between bridge piers. The dimensional analysis techniques and statistical program were used for locating a new empirical formula with the facilitate of the experimental information; this formula is for calculating the maximum scour depth at bridge piers.
{"title":"Investigation of Local Scour Around Group Bridge Pier with Different Shapes","authors":"Tahseen A. Gelmiran, K. Othman, M. Gunal","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2019.164355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2019.164355","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the establish on laboratory experiments for computing the depth of local scour (ds) around group bridge pier. For this purpose, fifteen models of bridge piers were constructed and tested, divided into five groups, of each group containing three bridge piers with the same specifications. The diameter of upstream bridge piers (D1) was varied to 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm, and diameter of downstream bridge piers (D2) 10 cm for all. The spacing (S) between the bridge piers was varied three times 20, 30, and 50 cm for all groups. Considering the effectiveness study of upstream flow conditions, the size of diameters of bridge piers, the spacing between bridge piers and medium size of bed material on the maximum scour depth and scour pattern around bridge piers. The study was conductedby employing a physical hydraulic model for bridge piers operated below subcritical flow, clear-water condition and exploitation uniform cohesionless sand as bed material. The experimental results showed the scour depth (ds) increasing whenever increasing the upstream diameter (D1) of bridge pier and decreasing whenever decreasing the spacing (S) between bridge piers. The dimensional analysis techniques and statistical program were used for locating a new empirical formula with the facilitate of the experimental information; this formula is for calculating the maximum scour depth at bridge piers.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125597084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2019.164321
Ammar Mahmood, A. Dawood
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Effect of Nano-particles on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer by Forced Convection in Channel with different traingle configuration","authors":"Ammar Mahmood, A. Dawood","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2019.164321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2019.164321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116299758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2019.164327
A. Khalid, Abdul Hamid
{"title":"Manufacturing of Erosion Measuring Rig for Polymers and Their Composites with some Experimental Results","authors":"A. Khalid, Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2019.164327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2019.164327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115646193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-28DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108992
Dr.Ahlam Fadhil Mahmood, Hamed A. Mahmood
The main challenge in an automated diagnostic system for the early diagnosis of melanoma is the correct segmentation. In skin dermoscope images many artifacts such as ruler markings, air bubbles and hairs must be removed to correctly diagnosis skin cancer. This paper focuses on the use of image processing techniques to automatically detects and removes hairs and ruler markings from dermoscopy images. The proposed algorithm includes two main steps: firstly, hairs and ruler marking are isolated by generating a binary image mask include these artifacts only. The suggested mask procedure start with separate RGB dermoscopy images to the red, green and blue color components. Utilizing red channel to create the mask by applying noise removing on this plan, then adaptive canny edge detector is used for refinement by morphological operators. Secondly, the white regions of the mask are repaired based on polygons inpainting . Experiment on a number of dermoscopy images demonstrates that the proposed method produces superior results compared to existing techniques.
{"title":"Artifact Removal from Skin Dermoscopy Imagesto Support Automated Melanoma Diagnosis","authors":"Dr.Ahlam Fadhil Mahmood, Hamed A. Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108992","url":null,"abstract":"The main challenge in an automated diagnostic system for the early diagnosis of melanoma is the correct segmentation. In skin dermoscope images many artifacts such as ruler markings, air bubbles and hairs must be removed to correctly diagnosis skin cancer. This paper focuses on the use of image processing techniques to automatically detects and removes hairs and ruler markings from dermoscopy images. The proposed algorithm includes two main steps: firstly, hairs and ruler marking are isolated by generating a binary image mask include these artifacts only. The suggested mask procedure start with separate RGB dermoscopy images to the red, green and blue color components. Utilizing red channel to create the mask by applying noise removing on this plan, then adaptive canny edge detector is used for refinement by morphological operators. Secondly, the white regions of the mask are repaired based on polygons inpainting . Experiment on a number of dermoscopy images demonstrates that the proposed method produces superior results compared to existing techniques.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121903103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-28DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108994
Dr.Ahlam Fadhil Mahmood, Hamed A. Mahmood
Skin cancer has been the most common and represents 50% of all new cancers detected each year. If detected at an early stage, simple and economic treatment can cure it mostly. Accurate skin lesion segmentation is critical in automated early diagnosis system. This paper present a triple segmentation procedure based on the pixels distribution Bell-shaped (Normal), J-shaped, Reverse J-shaped and U-shaped peaks that is bimodal. According to the nature of dermoscopy images distributions, three segmentation methods are used to identify the normal skin cancer from malignant skin and to extract the tumor region. First, active contours are used for bell distribution shape. Second segmentation is done using adjusted ant colony optimization when the Ushaped peaks distribution was classify. Third segmentation strategies apply adaptive threshold for two J-shapes. Experiments on synthetic and real dermoscopy images demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods that is able to produce ant colony optimization accurate segmentation when applied to a large number of skin cancer (melanoma) images. Keyword: Segmentation dermoscopy images, ant colony, active contours, adaptive threshold, Histogram يثلاث عاطقتسا ىلع دامتعاب دلجلا ناطرسل يللآا أ عیزوتلا فنص د دومحم لضاف ملاحأ. دومحم زیزعلا دبع دماح Ahlam.mahmood@gmail.com hamedce43@gmail.com بوساحلا ةسدنھ مسق ةعماج لصوملا ا خل لا ص ة عاونأ رثكأ نم دلجلا ناطرس دعی .ایونس تاناطرسلل ةصخشملا تلااحلا فصن لكشی ذإ اراشتنا تاناطرسلا نأ ثیحو ایبسن ةبعص دلجلا نم باصملا ءزجلا عاطقتسا ةیلمع ربتعت .لقأ ھفلكبو ملسأ ھجلاع لعجی ةركبملا لحارملا يف ھفاشتكا يللآا صیخشتلا ةمظنلأ ،سرجلا عیزوت ةروصلا رصانع عیزوت بسح يلأ يثلاث عاطقتسا حرتقت ةقرولا هذھ .ركبملا ھسوكعم و يج فرحلا لكشب عیزوت ھ قیرط ثلاث مادختسا مت ةیرھجملا روصلا تاعیزوت بسح .ةمقلا يئانث عیزوت وا ملا ةقیرط ،لاوأ .مرولا ةقطنم جارختسلال ةباصملاو ةیعیبطلا قطانملا نیب لصفلل لاعفلا طیح اھعیزوت فنصملا روصلل فرح لكش ىلع روصلا عیزوت نوك ةلاح يف لمنلا ةرمعتسم ةیلثمأ مادختساب هزاجنا مت عاطقتسا يناث .سرج لكش ىلع ةدئاف تدكأ ةیرھجملا روصلا تدمتعا يتلا براجتلا .يج فرحلا يلكشل ةلاعفلا ةبتعلا يھ عاطقتسا ةیجیتارتسإ ثلاث .وی حرتقملا قرطلا .قیقد عاطقتسا يف اھتیناكملإ ة Received: 15 – 4 2015 Accepted: 28 – 11 2015 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol. 23 No. 5 December 2015 32
{"title":"Automatic Triple-A Segmentation of Skin Cancer Images based on Histogram Classification","authors":"Dr.Ahlam Fadhil Mahmood, Hamed A. Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108994","url":null,"abstract":"Skin cancer has been the most common and represents 50% of all new cancers detected each year. If detected at an early stage, simple and economic treatment can cure it mostly. Accurate skin lesion segmentation is critical in automated early diagnosis system. This paper present a triple segmentation procedure based on the pixels distribution Bell-shaped (Normal), J-shaped, Reverse J-shaped and U-shaped peaks that is bimodal. According to the nature of dermoscopy images distributions, three segmentation methods are used to identify the normal skin cancer from malignant skin and to extract the tumor region. First, active contours are used for bell distribution shape. Second segmentation is done using adjusted ant colony optimization when the Ushaped peaks distribution was classify. Third segmentation strategies apply adaptive threshold for two J-shapes. Experiments on synthetic and real dermoscopy images demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods that is able to produce ant colony optimization accurate segmentation when applied to a large number of skin cancer (melanoma) images. Keyword: Segmentation dermoscopy images, ant colony, active contours, adaptive threshold, Histogram يثلاث عاطقتسا ىلع دامتعاب دلجلا ناطرسل يللآا أ عیزوتلا فنص د دومحم لضاف ملاحأ. دومحم زیزعلا دبع دماح Ahlam.mahmood@gmail.com hamedce43@gmail.com بوساحلا ةسدنھ مسق ةعماج لصوملا ا خل لا ص ة عاونأ رثكأ نم دلجلا ناطرس دعی .ایونس تاناطرسلل ةصخشملا تلااحلا فصن لكشی ذإ اراشتنا تاناطرسلا نأ ثیحو ایبسن ةبعص دلجلا نم باصملا ءزجلا عاطقتسا ةیلمع ربتعت .لقأ ھفلكبو ملسأ ھجلاع لعجی ةركبملا لحارملا يف ھفاشتكا يللآا صیخشتلا ةمظنلأ ،سرجلا عیزوت ةروصلا رصانع عیزوت بسح يلأ يثلاث عاطقتسا حرتقت ةقرولا هذھ .ركبملا ھسوكعم و يج فرحلا لكشب عیزوت ھ قیرط ثلاث مادختسا مت ةیرھجملا روصلا تاعیزوت بسح .ةمقلا يئانث عیزوت وا ملا ةقیرط ،لاوأ .مرولا ةقطنم جارختسلال ةباصملاو ةیعیبطلا قطانملا نیب لصفلل لاعفلا طیح اھعیزوت فنصملا روصلل فرح لكش ىلع روصلا عیزوت نوك ةلاح يف لمنلا ةرمعتسم ةیلثمأ مادختساب هزاجنا مت عاطقتسا يناث .سرج لكش ىلع ةدئاف تدكأ ةیرھجملا روصلا تدمتعا يتلا براجتلا .يج فرحلا يلكشل ةلاعفلا ةبتعلا يھ عاطقتسا ةیجیتارتسإ ثلاث .وی حرتقملا قرطلا .قیقد عاطقتسا يف اھتیناكملإ ة Received: 15 – 4 2015 Accepted: 28 – 11 2015 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol. 23 No. 5 December 2015 32","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122929671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-28DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108999
Dr.A. S. Khedher, Dr.A. M. Alkababji, O. A. Hadi
Object recognition in computer vision is the task of finding a given object in an image or video sequence. During the last decades it has received increasing attention from the computer vision community for a variety of reasons, ranging from counting objects for industrial application to the development of practical biometric systems and interactive, emotion-aware and capable human–machine interfaces. There are variety of approaches for object recognition problem, depending on the type of object, the degree of freedom of the object and the target application. Template matching is the most advanced and intensively developed areas of computer vision and has been a classical approach to the problems of locating and recognizing of an object in the image. The object of this paper is to improve the reliability of object recognition by describing a modified method for template matching based on the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) equation, that gives the highest margin between other template matching methods, the main advantage is that the high margin resulting from it can be considered as more safe to avoid wrongly detecting /recognizing an object.
{"title":"Improving the Reliability of Object Recognition Based On Template Matching","authors":"Dr.A. S. Khedher, Dr.A. M. Alkababji, O. A. Hadi","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108999","url":null,"abstract":"Object recognition in computer vision is the task of finding a given object in an image or video sequence. During the last decades it has received increasing attention from the computer vision community for a variety of reasons, ranging from counting objects for industrial application to the development of practical biometric systems and interactive, emotion-aware and capable human–machine interfaces. There are variety of approaches for object recognition problem, depending on the type of object, the degree of freedom of the object and the target application. Template matching is the most advanced and intensively developed areas of computer vision and has been a classical approach to the problems of locating and recognizing of an object in the image. The object of this paper is to improve the reliability of object recognition by describing a modified method for template matching based on the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) equation, that gives the highest margin between other template matching methods, the main advantage is that the high margin resulting from it can be considered as more safe to avoid wrongly detecting /recognizing an object.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127816463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-28DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108997
Dr.LuqmanSufer Ali, Shamil H. Hussein, A. Ismail
The quadrature power amplifier (QPA) is used in a CMOS radio frequencies (RF) amplifier for wireless communication system such as WLAN and mobile communication (WCDMA). Because of its high efficiency at high frequency operation and good linearity. This paper presents a design and analysis in the time and frequency domains for quadrature power amplifier based on 90-nm CMOS technology. The Class D power amplifier is used in the QPA configuration, because of the switch mode amplifiers provide amplification for modulated signals at RF with high efficiency and linearity. The quadrature signals are to be directly amplified by using a QPA without decomposing these signal to a phase and amplitude signal because of the lack of its separate avoid and the linearity and bandwidth requirements, thus reducing power consumption. The results obtained show that the QPA can be used in a wide band spectrum. The amplifier has very good power added efficiency (PAE%) about (70.5%) and IDM3 is (62.6dBm) at maximum output power (24.35dBm) and input power greater than (20dBm). The amplitude distortion has been obtained in this work about (1.36 dB/dB), and phase distortion about (0.27 degree/dB). Keyword : Quadrature power amplifier(QPA), Quadrature modulator, classes amplifier. ) ةینقت مادختسا 90-nm CMOS ل ( ربكم میمصت لا )عون ةردق Quadrature ةءافكب ( ةیلاع تاقیبطتلا يف ةیكلسلالا يلع رفس نامقل .د نیسح ةزمح لماش لیعامسا رابجلا دبع دمحا لصوملا ةعماج / ةیئابرھكلا ةسدنھلا مسق ةصلاخلا عون ةردقلا ربكم مدختسی ) Quadrature ( لثم ةیكلسلالا تاقیبطتلا يف ) WLAN ةیولخلا تلااصتلاا ةمظناو ( ) WCDMA ( ةیلاعلا ھتءافك ببسب .ةدیج ةیطخبو ةیلاعلا تاددرتلا دنع ينمزلا نیزیحلاب لیلحتو میمصت ثحبلا اذھ يف مت يددرتلاو ل ) عون ةردقلا ربكم Quadrature ( بو ) ةینقت 90-nm CMOS .( ُتسا ) عون ةردقلا ربكم ربكملا ءانب يف مدخ D ( .ةیلاع ةءافكبو ةدیج ةیطخبو ةیویدارلا تاددرتلا دنع ةنمضملا تاراشلاا ریبكت ىلع ةرداق ةیحاتفملا ةردقلا تاربكم نلا مت كیكفت نودب مدختسملا ربكملا للاخ نم رشابم لكشب تامولعملا ةراشا ریبكتو نیمضت اھ روطلا ةراشاو عاستلاا ةراشا ىلا ةیطخو ةعساو ةمزح ضرع رفوی كلذ نلا فیط ىلع لمعی ربكملا نا جئاتنلا للاخ نم نیبت .ةلیلق كلاھتسا ةردقو ةیلاع او ةدیج ةیطخ كلتمتو ،تاددرتلا نم عس )يلاوح ىلا ةفاضملا ةردقلا ةءافك تلصو تیح ةیلاع ةءافكو 70.5% ( ةمیقو ) يلاوح ةثلاثلا ةیقفاوتلا عم لخادتلا -62.6dBm ( ) جارخا ةردق مظعا دنع 24.35dBm و ( ب ردق ة لاخدا ربكا )نم 20dBm .( ) يلاوح يعاستلاا ھیوشتلا لمشت يتلا ھیوشتلا رادقمل ةنكمم ةمیق لقا ىلع لوصحلا مت 1.36 dB/dB ( ) يلاوح يروطلا ھیوشتلاو 0.27 degree/dB .( Received: 26 – 5 2015 Accepted: 7 – 12 2015 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol. 23 No. 5 December 2015 55 1Introduction The RF Power Amplifiers (PAs) are used in a wide variety of applications including wireless communication, TV transmissions, radar and RF heating. The basic techniques for RF power amplification can use classes as A, B, C, D, E, and F, for frequencies ranging from very low frequency through microwave frequencies. It is a critical element in transmitter units of communication systems, is expected to pro
在这项工作中，我们选择了D级，因为它的效率更高，而且它是一个硬切换的开关驱动器，2.4 g
{"title":"A 90-nm CMOS Quadrature Power Amplifier With High Efficiency Designed For Wireless Application","authors":"Dr.LuqmanSufer Ali, Shamil H. Hussein, A. Ismail","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2015.108997","url":null,"abstract":"The quadrature power amplifier (QPA) is used in a CMOS radio frequencies (RF) amplifier for wireless communication system such as WLAN and mobile communication (WCDMA). Because of its high efficiency at high frequency operation and good linearity. This paper presents a design and analysis in the time and frequency domains for quadrature power amplifier based on 90-nm CMOS technology. The Class D power amplifier is used in the QPA configuration, because of the switch mode amplifiers provide amplification for modulated signals at RF with high efficiency and linearity. The quadrature signals are to be directly amplified by using a QPA without decomposing these signal to a phase and amplitude signal because of the lack of its separate avoid and the linearity and bandwidth requirements, thus reducing power consumption. The results obtained show that the QPA can be used in a wide band spectrum. The amplifier has very good power added efficiency (PAE%) about (70.5%) and IDM3 is (62.6dBm) at maximum output power (24.35dBm) and input power greater than (20dBm). The amplitude distortion has been obtained in this work about (1.36 dB/dB), and phase distortion about (0.27 degree/dB). Keyword : Quadrature power amplifier(QPA), Quadrature modulator, classes amplifier. ) ةینقت مادختسا 90-nm CMOS ل ( ربكم میمصت لا )عون ةردق Quadrature ةءافكب ( ةیلاع تاقیبطتلا يف ةیكلسلالا يلع رفس نامقل .د نیسح ةزمح لماش لیعامسا رابجلا دبع دمحا لصوملا ةعماج / ةیئابرھكلا ةسدنھلا مسق ةصلاخلا عون ةردقلا ربكم مدختسی ) Quadrature ( لثم ةیكلسلالا تاقیبطتلا يف ) WLAN ةیولخلا تلااصتلاا ةمظناو ( ) WCDMA ( ةیلاعلا ھتءافك ببسب .ةدیج ةیطخبو ةیلاعلا تاددرتلا دنع ينمزلا نیزیحلاب لیلحتو میمصت ثحبلا اذھ يف مت يددرتلاو ل ) عون ةردقلا ربكم Quadrature ( بو ) ةینقت 90-nm CMOS .( ُتسا ) عون ةردقلا ربكم ربكملا ءانب يف مدخ D ( .ةیلاع ةءافكبو ةدیج ةیطخبو ةیویدارلا تاددرتلا دنع ةنمضملا تاراشلاا ریبكت ىلع ةرداق ةیحاتفملا ةردقلا تاربكم نلا مت كیكفت نودب مدختسملا ربكملا للاخ نم رشابم لكشب تامولعملا ةراشا ریبكتو نیمضت اھ روطلا ةراشاو عاستلاا ةراشا ىلا ةیطخو ةعساو ةمزح ضرع رفوی كلذ نلا فیط ىلع لمعی ربكملا نا جئاتنلا للاخ نم نیبت .ةلیلق كلاھتسا ةردقو ةیلاع او ةدیج ةیطخ كلتمتو ،تاددرتلا نم عس )يلاوح ىلا ةفاضملا ةردقلا ةءافك تلصو تیح ةیلاع ةءافكو 70.5% ( ةمیقو ) يلاوح ةثلاثلا ةیقفاوتلا عم لخادتلا -62.6dBm ( ) جارخا ةردق مظعا دنع 24.35dBm و ( ب ردق ة لاخدا ربكا )نم 20dBm .( ) يلاوح يعاستلاا ھیوشتلا لمشت يتلا ھیوشتلا رادقمل ةنكمم ةمیق لقا ىلع لوصحلا مت 1.36 dB/dB ( ) يلاوح يروطلا ھیوشتلاو 0.27 degree/dB .( Received: 26 – 5 2015 Accepted: 7 – 12 2015 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol. 23 No. 5 December 2015 55 1Introduction The RF Power Amplifiers (PAs) are used in a wide variety of applications including wireless communication, TV transmissions, radar and RF heating. The basic techniques for RF power amplification can use classes as A, B, C, D, E, and F, for frequencies ranging from very low frequency through microwave frequencies. It is a critical element in transmitter units of communication systems, is expected to pro","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123724670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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