Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101046
H. J. A. Alqaysi
{"title":"SIMULATION OF DS-CDMA PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION USING VISSIM/COMM SOFTWARE","authors":"H. J. A. Alqaysi","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2015.101046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2015.101046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114566585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2015.101040
A. Dawood, Raed Ali, R. Saeed
Fluid flow and heat transfer in a square enclosure diagonally divided by a conductive thin plate has been numerically investigated. The upper diagonal zone of the enclosure filled with a saturated porous medium while the subdiagonal zone of the enclosure filled with air as working fluids. The enclosure was heated partially from below and cold from upper surface isothermally while the two vertical surface are insulated. The governing equations are solved using finite difference methods. Results were obtained for different value of Rayleigh number (10 ≤ Ra ≤ 10) for air and different value of modified Rayleigh number (100 ≤ Ra ≤ 500) for porous medium as well as different dimensionless length of the heated surface (0.2 , 0.4 , 0.5 and 0.6 ). The results show that the increasing in Rayleigh number in both sides of the enclosure (Ra* & Ra) causes increasing in the Nusselt number. The percentage increasing is approximately is (92% at Ra=100, 1000≤ Ra≤10 and 71% at Ra=500, 1000≤ Ra≤10 for S=1 ) and ( 90% at Ra=100 , Ra=10 and 0.2≤S≤0.6 and 80% at Ra=500 , Ra=10 for 0.2≤S≤0.6 ). The flow become multi-cellular in porous media side also the increasing in dimensionless length of the heated surface causes increasing in the Nusselt number.
{"title":"Investigation the natural convection heat transfer between two fluids inside square enclosure separated by thin plate","authors":"A. Dawood, Raed Ali, R. Saeed","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2015.101040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2015.101040","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid flow and heat transfer in a square enclosure diagonally divided by a conductive thin plate has been numerically investigated. The upper diagonal zone of the enclosure filled with a saturated porous medium while the subdiagonal zone of the enclosure filled with air as working fluids. The enclosure was heated partially from below and cold from upper surface isothermally while the two vertical surface are insulated. The governing equations are solved using finite difference methods. Results were obtained for different value of Rayleigh number (10 ≤ Ra ≤ 10) for air and different value of modified Rayleigh number (100 ≤ Ra ≤ 500) for porous medium as well as different dimensionless length of the heated surface (0.2 , 0.4 , 0.5 and 0.6 ). The results show that the increasing in Rayleigh number in both sides of the enclosure (Ra* & Ra) causes increasing in the Nusselt number. The percentage increasing is approximately is (92% at Ra=100, 1000≤ Ra≤10 and 71% at Ra=500, 1000≤ Ra≤10 for S=1 ) and ( 90% at Ra=100 , Ra=10 and 0.2≤S≤0.6 and 80% at Ra=500 , Ra=10 for 0.2≤S≤0.6 ). The flow become multi-cellular in porous media side also the increasing in dimensionless length of the heated surface causes increasing in the Nusselt number.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126598498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.101013
S. Yousif, R. Najem
{"title":"Effects of MaterialsProperties on Strength and Deflection of Optimized R.C. Beams: Genetic Algorithms","authors":"S. Yousif, R. Najem","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.101013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.101013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124325565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.101018
N. Qaqos
{"title":"Efficient Hardware Implementation of the Pipelined DES Encryption Algorithm Using FPGA","authors":"N. Qaqos","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.101018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.101018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122001515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.101011
A. Al-Jameel, M. D. Younis, R. M. Hamed
Shape Grammars is among the recent concepts that have gained considerable significance for its multiple benefits for different fields. This concept with its applications had been evolved during the last thirty years within the field of architecture generally and Islamic architecture in particular. The main goal of the present research is to study the shape grammars of the congregational mosques basic types, analyzing them to conclude and define the shape rules that generate those types. Its significance comes from providing a more clear conception for the rules that had produced the basic types of congregational mosques with the possibility of reapplying the concluded rules to derive those types with their formal and syntactical properties. The research adopted (Standard Shape Grammar) which is interested in syntactical characteristics, formal relationships according to Euclidean transformations between different types regardless the different criteria and dimensions of each one. The research goal has been achieved by concluding the shape rules formulating the basic types of congregational mosques and reapplying the concluded rules to derive those types to test their potentialities for the generation process.
{"title":"Using Standard Shape Grammars to Generate The Basic Types of Congregational Mosques","authors":"A. Al-Jameel, M. D. Younis, R. M. Hamed","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.101011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.101011","url":null,"abstract":"Shape Grammars is among the recent concepts that have gained considerable significance for its multiple benefits for different fields. This concept with its applications had been evolved during the last thirty years within the field of architecture generally and Islamic architecture in particular. The main goal of the present research is to study the shape grammars of the congregational mosques basic types, analyzing them to conclude and define the shape rules that generate those types. Its significance comes from providing a more clear conception for the rules that had produced the basic types of congregational mosques with the possibility of reapplying the concluded rules to derive those types with their formal and syntactical properties. The research adopted (Standard Shape Grammar) which is interested in syntactical characteristics, formal relationships according to Euclidean transformations between different types regardless the different criteria and dimensions of each one. The research goal has been achieved by concluding the shape rules formulating the basic types of congregational mosques and reapplying the concluded rules to derive those types to test their potentialities for the generation process.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123899554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-28DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2014.101017
J. Abdul-Jabbar, Amenah. I. Kanaan, Zena N. Abdulkader
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ultrasonic images are inherently affected by speckle noise, which is caused by the coherent nature of the scattering phenomena. This paper presents a contourlet-based method for speckle reduction with an adaptive method for noisethreshold level estimation in a homomorphic framework. The method starts with the generation of many random images simulating the standard deviation level of the logtransformed speckled image. Different contourlet threshold levels are then calculated based on such simulations. Different contourlet coefficients of speckled images are thresholded by their corresponding pre-calculated contourlet thresholds. An exponential operation on the reconstructed output after thresholding is used to simulate the final homomorphic antilogtransformation stage and to obtain the de-speckled images. Unlike other classical and recent de-speckling methods, the despekled images indicate clearly the superiority of the proposed method for speckle reduction, especially for SAR images which possess a lot of detailed textures.
{"title":"Contour let-BasedMethod for Speckle Reduction with Adaptive Estimation of Noise Level","authors":"J. Abdul-Jabbar, Amenah. I. Kanaan, Zena N. Abdulkader","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2014.101017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2014.101017","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ultrasonic images are inherently affected by speckle noise, which is caused by the coherent nature of the scattering phenomena. This paper presents a contourlet-based method for speckle reduction with an adaptive method for noisethreshold level estimation in a homomorphic framework. The method starts with the generation of many random images simulating the standard deviation level of the logtransformed speckled image. Different contourlet threshold levels are then calculated based on such simulations. Different contourlet coefficients of speckled images are thresholded by their corresponding pre-calculated contourlet thresholds. An exponential operation on the reconstructed output after thresholding is used to simulate the final homomorphic antilogtransformation stage and to obtain the de-speckled images. Unlike other classical and recent de-speckling methods, the despekled images indicate clearly the superiority of the proposed method for speckle reduction, especially for SAR images which possess a lot of detailed textures.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124250780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.101004
A. Hussain, Falah Hadi Mhawish
This numerical study documents the phenomena of heat transfer natural convection in a square porous cavity with corner heating and magnetic field. The finite difference technique with Gauss-Siedel method is used to solve the governing equations with aid of (Over Relaxation) technique of a range (1.1-1.3). The governing parameters are modified Rayleigh number, Hartmann's number, inclination angle of magnetic field and dimensionless length (nondimensional heating region in both directions (x,y)) . It was concluded that increase in the Hartman number leads to a decrease in the average Nusselt number while the increase in the modified Rayleigh number increases the average Nusselt number .The increase of dimensionless length (h) led to an increase the average Nusselt number . However, the optimum reducing of the heat transfer rate was obtained at a large magnetic field in the horizontal direction. Keyword: Natural Convection, Square Porous, Corner Heating, Magnetic Field. :ملتسأ 19 – 12 2012 :لبق 22 – 12 2013 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.22 No. 5 Dec. 2014 61 زومرلا ةمئاق زمرلا فیرعتل ةدحولا 0 B يسیطانغملا ثحلا Volt.s/m2 P C عئاملل ةیعونلا ةرارحلا K kg J . Da يسراد ددع 2 L K Da ---H نیخستلا ةقطنم لوط نیھاجتلااب ھیدعبلالا X و Y ----Ha نامتراھ ددع = يسراد 1 2 2 0 0 σ B K μ ----I يئابرھكلا رایتلا A K يماسلا طسولا ةیذافن m2 K ةیرارحلا ةیلصوملا W/m.K L زیحلا لوط m u N تلسن ددع لدعم ---Nu يعضوملا تلسن ددع ----P طغضلا N/m2 Q . يعیبطلا لمحلاب ةلقتنملا ةرارحلا ةیمك W Q . ةیمك لیصوتلاب ةلقتنملا ةرارحلا W Ra عئاملل يلار ددع 3 ρ gβL ΔT Ra = μ m ---Ra* روطملا يلار ددع K ρ gβL ΔT Ra = μ m ---T ةرارحلا ةجرد K u ةعرسلل ةیقفلأا ةبكرملا m/s ةیدومعلا ةبكرملا ةعرسلل m/s ةیدومعلاو ةیقفلأا عئاملا ةعرس يتبكرم ةلصحم m/s y x, ةیتراكیدلا تایثادحلإا m ةیقیرغلإا زومرلا زمرلا فیرعتلا ةدحولا زمرلا فیرعتلا ةدحولا m ةیرارحلا ةیراشتنلاا m2/s ةیتامنیاكلا ةجوزللا m2/s لماعم يرارحلا ددمتلا K 1 ةفاثكلا 3 m kg ةیماسملا --0 ةیئابرھكلا ةیلصوملا 1/ohm.m ةیدعبلالا ةرارحلا ةجرد -- ةیدعبلالا بایسنلاا ةلاد -- ةیكیمانیدلا ةجوزللا s m kg . بایسنلاا ةلاد s m ةیلفسلاو ةیولعلا زومرلا زمرلا فیرعتلا زمرلا فیرعتلا * __ ^ روطم لدعملا يدعبلالا C ⇀ درابلا رادجلا نخاسلا رادجلا ھجتم ةیمك :نیسح يسیطانغم لاجمو يواز نیخست عم عبرم يماسم زیح يف ةرارحلا لاقتنلا يعیبطلا لمحلا 62 1 . ةمدقملا .مسجلا نم أطوأ وأ ىلعأ ةرارح ةجرد دنع عئام يف مسج عضو ام اذإ يعیبطلا لمحلاب ةرارحلا لاقتنا ثدحی حطسلل رواجملا عئاملا ةفاثك يف اریغت ببستو مسجلاو عئاملا نیب ةرارحلا باسنتس ،ةرارحلا تاجرد يف قرفلل ةجیتنكو ً [1] . إ ن قیبطتلا تلااجم وم عئامب عبشملا يماسملا طسولل ریثأت تحت ةیسیطانغمورھك صاوخ يذ لص يعیبطلا لمحلا يسیطانغموردیھلا ) MHD وھ ( ةیرارحلا تلادابملا میمصت يف و نایرجلا سایقمو تاخضملا و ءاضفلا تابكرم عفد يف و و ةیرارحلا ةیامحلا . ةقاطلا دیلوت تاموظنم ثادحتسا يف ) نوثحابلا زجنأ Kaluri et. al. ] ( 2 [ ىلع ةیددع ةسارد يرجأ عبشم عبرم يماسم زیح يف نزاوتملا يقبطلا يعیبطلا لمحلاب نایرجلا للاخ يرارحلا طلخلاو ةرارحلا عیزوت . ةیرارحلا ناجیب طوطخ ىلع دامتعلااب نأ . يلاعلا يسراد ددع دنع ثدحی يرارحل
本文研究了角部加热和磁场作用下方形多孔腔内的自然对流换热现象。利用高斯-塞德尔法的有限差分技术，借助(过松弛)技术求解范围为(1.1-1.3)的控制方程。控制参数为修正的瑞利数、哈特曼数、磁场倾角和无量纲长度(两个方向(x,y)的无量纲加热区)。结果表明，Hartman数的增加导致平均努塞尔数的减少，而修正Rayleigh数的增加导致平均努塞尔数的增加，无因次长度(h)的增加导致平均努塞尔数的增加。而在水平方向的大磁场下，换热率降低效果最佳。关键词:自然对流，方孔，拐角加热，磁场。:ملتسأ19 - 12 2012:لبق22 - 12 2013 Al-Rafidain工程工程系61年12月2014年5号زومرلاةمئاقزمرلافیرعتلةدحولا0 Bيسیطانغملاثحلا伏特。s/m2 P C عئاملل ةیعونلا ةرارحلا K kg J。Daيسرادددع2 L K Da——HنیخستلاةقطنملوطنیھاجتلاابھیدعبلالاXوY - Haنامتراھددع=يسراد1 2 2 0 0σB Kμ——我يئابرھكلارایتلاKيماسلاطسولاةیذافنm2 KةیرارحلاةیلصوملاW / m。K Lزیحلالوطm u Nتلسنددعلدعم——νيعضوملاتلسنددع——PطغضلاN / m2 Q。يعیبطلا لمحلاب ةلقتنملا ةرارحلا ةیمك wq。ةیمكلیصوتلابةلقتنملاةرارحلاW Raعئاملليلارددع3ρgβLΔT Ra =μm- Ra *روطملايلارددعKρgβLΔT Ra =μm——TةرارحلاةجرةدK uعرسللةیقفلأاةبكرملاm / sةیدومعلاةبكرملاةعرسللm / sةیدومعلاوةیقفلأاعئاملاةعرسيتبكرمةلصحمm / s x, yةیتراكیدلاتایثادحلإmةایقیرغلإازومرلازمرلافیرعتلاةدحولازمرلافیرعتلاةدحولاmةیرارحلاةیراشتنلااm2 / sةیتامنیاكلاةجوزللاm2 / sلماعميرارحلاددمتلاK 1ةفاثكلا3 m公斤ةیماسملا——0ةیئابرھكلاةیلصوملا1 /欧姆。mةیدعبلالاةرارحلاةجرد——ةیدعبلالابایسنلااةلاد——ةیكیمانیدلاةجوزللاs m公斤。بایسنلااةلادs mةیلفسلاوةیولعلازومرلازمرلافیرعتلازمرلافیرعتلا* _ ^روطملدعملايدعبلالاC⇀درابلارادجلانخاسلارادجلاھجتمةیمك:نیسحيسیطانغملاجمويوازنیخستعمعبرميماسمزیحيفةرارحلالاقتنلايعیبطلالمحلا62 1。ةمدقملما。سجلانمأطوأوأىلعأةرارحةجرددنععئاميفمسجعضواماذإيعیبطلالمحلابةرارحلالاقتناثدحیحطسللرواجملاعئاملاةفاثكيفاریغتببستومسجلاوعئاملانیبةرارحلاباسنتس،ةرارحلاتاجرديفقرفللةجیتنكوً[1]。إنقیبطتلاتلااجمومعئامبعبشملايماسملاطسوللریثأتتحتةیسیطانغمورھكصاوخيذلصيعیبطلالمحلايسیطانغموردیھلا)磁流体动力وھ(ةیرارحلاتلادابملامیمصتيفونایرجلاسایقموتاخضملاوءاضفلاتابكرمعفديفووةیرارحلاةیامحلا。ةقاطلادیلوتتاموظنمثادحتسايف)نوثحابلازجنأKaluri等。](2[ىلعةیددعةسارديرجأعبشمعبرميماسمزیحيفنزاوتملايقبطلايعیبطلالمحلابنایرجلاللاخيرارحلاطلخلاوةرارحلاعیزوت。ةیرارحلا ناجیب طوطخ ىلع دامتعلااب نأ。يلاعلايسرادددعدنعثدحیيرارحلاطلخلازیزعتنأبحضوتةساردلايرارحلاطلخلاوةرارحلاراشتناززعیيرارحلاعیزوتلا。ةسناجتملانیخستلاةلاحبةنراقم)نوثحابلاماقGrosan et al。(3عبشميماسمطسوبءولمملیطتسمفیوجتيفيعیبطلالمحلاىلعيسیطانغموردیھلاكیمانیدلةیددعةساردب[ةیوازبلئاملاويجراخلاسناجتملايسیطانغملالاجملا،يلخادةرارحدیلوتو。يقفلأاىوتسملاعمقلددعنأدجوديعضوملاتلسنلقیمیقدادزتامدنعيلفسلارادجلاىلع)نوثحابلاماقو。曼苏尔等。)(4ریثأتلةیددعةساردب[یھلالاجملادةرارحدوجووعبشمعئامبءولمملئاميماسمعبرمزیحيفيعیبطلالمحلاىلعرقتسملاریغيسیطانغموريسیطانغملاجمریثأتتحتوةدلوتميلارددع،نامتراھددعریثأتةساردلاتنیبوزیحلاعمةیوازلاسفنبلئاموسناجتمطوطخوبایسنلااطوطخلثمةرارحلالاقتناونایرجلاصئاصخىلعيدعبلالانمزلالماعوزیحللنلایملاةیوازو。تلسنددعطسوتموةرارحلاتاجرد)ھقافروثحابلاماق萨利赫等。)(5ةساردب[ىلعيسیطانغملالاجملاریثأتفوسةلقتنملاةرارحلالدعمللثملأاناصقنلا。عبشمعئامبءولمميماسمفرحنمةبشزیحيفرقتسملايرارحلالمحلا)ثحابلاسرداریخأو。يقفلأاهاجتلاايفریبكيسیطانغملاجموداحلافرحنملاةبشزیحللةیلعلصحنًIsmael](6(اجملاریثأتایددعًةرارحدوجووعبشميماسمطسوبءولممعبرمزیحيفيعیبطلالمحلاىلعرقتسملاریغيسیطانغملاليسیطانغملالاجملاعمزیحلامیسقتنا. .ىوھميلخادزیحثادحلإنیزجاحةطساوبزیحلامسقدقوةسناجتمةدلوتمّلاقتناونایرجللدا
{"title":"Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Square Porous Enclosure with Corner Heating and Magnetic Field","authors":"A. Hussain, Falah Hadi Mhawish","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.101004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.101004","url":null,"abstract":"This numerical study documents the phenomena of heat transfer natural convection in a square porous cavity with corner heating and magnetic field. The finite difference technique with Gauss-Siedel method is used to solve the governing equations with aid of (Over Relaxation) technique of a range (1.1-1.3). The governing parameters are modified Rayleigh number, Hartmann's number, inclination angle of magnetic field and dimensionless length (nondimensional heating region in both directions (x,y)) . It was concluded that increase in the Hartman number leads to a decrease in the average Nusselt number while the increase in the modified Rayleigh number increases the average Nusselt number .The increase of dimensionless length (h) led to an increase the average Nusselt number . However, the optimum reducing of the heat transfer rate was obtained at a large magnetic field in the horizontal direction. Keyword: Natural Convection, Square Porous, Corner Heating, Magnetic Field. :ملتسأ 19 – 12 2012 :لبق 22 – 12 2013 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.22 No. 5 Dec. 2014 61 زومرلا ةمئاق زمرلا فیرعتل ةدحولا 0 B يسیطانغملا ثحلا Volt.s/m2 P C عئاملل ةیعونلا ةرارحلا K kg J . Da يسراد ددع 2 L K Da ---H نیخستلا ةقطنم لوط نیھاجتلااب ھیدعبلالا X و Y ----Ha نامتراھ ددع = يسراد 1 2 2 0 0 σ B K μ ----I يئابرھكلا رایتلا A K يماسلا طسولا ةیذافن m2 K ةیرارحلا ةیلصوملا W/m.K L زیحلا لوط m u N تلسن ددع لدعم ---Nu يعضوملا تلسن ددع ----P طغضلا N/m2 Q . يعیبطلا لمحلاب ةلقتنملا ةرارحلا ةیمك W Q . ةیمك لیصوتلاب ةلقتنملا ةرارحلا W Ra عئاملل يلار ددع 3 ρ gβL ΔT Ra = μ m ---Ra* روطملا يلار ددع K ρ gβL ΔT Ra = μ m ---T ةرارحلا ةجرد K u ةعرسلل ةیقفلأا ةبكرملا m/s ةیدومعلا ةبكرملا ةعرسلل m/s ةیدومعلاو ةیقفلأا عئاملا ةعرس يتبكرم ةلصحم m/s y x, ةیتراكیدلا تایثادحلإا m ةیقیرغلإا زومرلا زمرلا فیرعتلا ةدحولا زمرلا فیرعتلا ةدحولا m ةیرارحلا ةیراشتنلاا m2/s ةیتامنیاكلا ةجوزللا m2/s لماعم يرارحلا ددمتلا K 1 ةفاثكلا 3 m kg ةیماسملا --0 ةیئابرھكلا ةیلصوملا 1/ohm.m ةیدعبلالا ةرارحلا ةجرد -- ةیدعبلالا بایسنلاا ةلاد -- ةیكیمانیدلا ةجوزللا s m kg . بایسنلاا ةلاد s m ةیلفسلاو ةیولعلا زومرلا زمرلا فیرعتلا زمرلا فیرعتلا * __ ^ روطم لدعملا يدعبلالا C ⇀ درابلا رادجلا نخاسلا رادجلا ھجتم ةیمك :نیسح يسیطانغم لاجمو يواز نیخست عم عبرم يماسم زیح يف ةرارحلا لاقتنلا يعیبطلا لمحلا 62 1 . ةمدقملا .مسجلا نم أطوأ وأ ىلعأ ةرارح ةجرد دنع عئام يف مسج عضو ام اذإ يعیبطلا لمحلاب ةرارحلا لاقتنا ثدحی حطسلل رواجملا عئاملا ةفاثك يف اریغت ببستو مسجلاو عئاملا نیب ةرارحلا باسنتس ،ةرارحلا تاجرد يف قرفلل ةجیتنكو ً [1] . إ ن قیبطتلا تلااجم وم عئامب عبشملا يماسملا طسولل ریثأت تحت ةیسیطانغمورھك صاوخ يذ لص يعیبطلا لمحلا يسیطانغموردیھلا ) MHD وھ ( ةیرارحلا تلادابملا میمصت يف و نایرجلا سایقمو تاخضملا و ءاضفلا تابكرم عفد يف و و ةیرارحلا ةیامحلا . ةقاطلا دیلوت تاموظنم ثادحتسا يف ) نوثحابلا زجنأ Kaluri et. al. ] ( 2 [ ىلع ةیددع ةسارد يرجأ عبشم عبرم يماسم زیح يف نزاوتملا يقبطلا يعیبطلا لمحلاب نایرجلا للاخ يرارحلا طلخلاو ةرارحلا عیزوت . ةیرارحلا ناجیب طوطخ ىلع دامتعلااب نأ . يلاعلا يسراد ددع دنع ثدحی يرارحل","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133958917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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