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Evaluating performance of Hydrus-1D model in simulating evaporation from soil surface for different wetting intervals 评价Hydrus-1D模型在不同湿润间隔下模拟土壤表面蒸发的性能
Pub Date : 2015-04-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101073
M. M. Abid, Eftikhar A. Alani, Entesar M.Ghazal
In this study, Hydrus-1D model was used to simulate the evaporation from the soil surface for different wetting intervals for northern region(sandy loam and clay loam) using input for climatic data , and data of class A pan evaporation. The results showed that data of pan evaporation class A can be relied on in simulating and calculation of evaporation from the soil surface, where the standards of statistics (IOA, R) calculated on the basis of evaporation pan class A data are better for the wetting intervals (2, 4, 8, 16 ) days compared with the values of those standards based on full climate data and both types of soil. The study also showed that the wetting intervals and their impact on evaporation from the soil surface and evaporation stages reasonably agree with the results of field experiments that have been made in this area.
本研究采用Hydrus-1D模型,以气候数据和A类蒸发皿蒸发量为输入,模拟了北方地区(砂壤土和粘壤土)不同湿润间隔下的土壤表面蒸发量。结果表明:A类蒸发皿蒸发量可用于土壤表面蒸发量的模拟和计算,其中在湿润间隔(2、4、8、16)d内,基于A类蒸发皿蒸发量计算的统计标准(IOA、R)优于基于全气候数据和两种土壤类型的统计标准。研究还表明,湿润间隔及其对土壤表面蒸发和蒸发阶段的影响与在该地区进行的田间试验结果基本一致。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Mold Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded Polymeric Matrix Composites 模具转速对功能梯度聚合物基复合材料力学性能的影响
Pub Date : 2015-04-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101070
A. A. Abdullah, A. Khidhir
In this research, a functionally graded polymeric matrix composites (FGPMCs) were produced using centrifugal casting method. These composites were fabricated from unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles (SiCp) of (106μm) and (6%)bulk volume fraction, using different mold rotational speeds(400,500,600 R.P.M) at room temperature (22Co). Additional (3) samples of pure polyester were manufactured at the same conditions for comparison purpose . The aim of the present research was to study the effect of mold rotational speed on local values of volume fraction, hardness and Young modulus at specific points along the graded samples. Hardness was measured at these points then graded samples were cut to eight portions . Density and volume fraction were evaluated, then standard homogenous samples of constant but different volume fraction were manufactured. Results shows that local values of volume fraction, hardness and Young Modulus decreased in nearby positions of the center of rotation and increased in positions far away from the center of rotation with increasing mold rotational speed.
采用离心铸造法制备了功能梯度聚合物基复合材料(FGPMCs)。这些复合材料以不饱和聚酯树脂为基体,以(106μm)和(6%)体积分数的碳化硅颗粒(SiCp)增强,在室温(22Co)下使用不同的模具转速(400,500,600 R.P.M)制备。在相同的条件下制造了另外(3)个纯聚酯样品以进行比较。本研究的目的是研究模具转速对分级试样特定点的体积分数、硬度和杨氏模量的局部值的影响。在这些点测量硬度,然后将分级样品切成八份。测定密度和体积分数,制备体积分数恒定但不同的标准均质样品。结果表明:随着模具转速的增加,在靠近旋转中心的位置,体积分数、硬度和杨氏模量的局部值减小,在远离旋转中心的位置,局部值增大;
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引用次数: 0
Mechanical Properties of Wood Shavings-Cement Lightweight Composites 木屑-水泥轻质复合材料的力学性能
Pub Date : 2015-04-28 DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2015.101083
Emdad K. Zeynal, Moayad M.Kasim
The use of wood shavings, as a recycled waste product from the wood furniture industries is an interesting technique to produce lightweight cement composites. This study aims at examining the mechanical properties of wood shavings-cement lightweight composites. First, the wood shavings were pre-treated with water or superplasticizer or Cement Based Bitumen Emulsion (CBBE). Then, the compressive strength and tensile strength of the wood-cement matrix were experimentally evaluated. Finally, it is shown that the addition of wood shavings to cement paste gives a composite with satisfactory mechanical strengths with respect to its weight and higher toughness in addition to environmental and economic benefits.
使用木屑作为木质家具工业的回收废物,是一种生产轻质水泥复合材料的有趣技术。本研究旨在研究木屑-水泥轻质复合材料的力学性能。首先,用水或高效减水剂或水泥基沥青乳液(CBBE)对木屑进行预处理。然后,实验评估了木水泥基体的抗压强度和抗拉强度。最后,研究表明,在水泥膏体中加入木屑,除了环境和经济效益外,还能获得令人满意的机械强度和更高的韧性。
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引用次数: 4
Experimental study of lightweight concrete used for the production of canoe 轻型混凝土用于独木舟生产的试验研究
Pub Date : 2015-04-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101085
Dr.Eethar Thanon Dawood
This study was conducted to investigate the properties of lightweight concrete produced by the inclusions of polystyrene beads and perlite that can be used for production of Canoe. Different percentages of polystyrene (20, 35, 50 and 65%) were used. Besides, the 50% of polystyrene beds with different percentages of perlite (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) as partial replacement of sand were used. The fresh density, compressive strength, flexural strength and absorption capacity of the mixes were tested. The results show that the uses of 50% of polystyrene with 50% of perlite as partial replacement of sand exhibit suitable ranges of density, compressive and flexural strengths of lightweight concrete used for canoe production. Thus, the Canoe produced from these inclusions of polystyrene and perlite show a clear success in terms of floating.
本研究是为了研究由聚苯乙烯珠和珍珠岩包体制成的轻质混凝土的性能,这些包体可用于独木舟的生产。使用不同比例的聚苯乙烯(20%、35%、50%和65%)。此外,采用50%的聚苯乙烯层,不同比例的珍珠岩(10、20、30、40、50、60%)作为砂的部分替代。测试了混合料的新鲜密度、抗压强度、抗折强度和吸收能力。结果表明,使用50%的聚苯乙烯和50%的珍珠岩作为砂的部分替代,可以显示出用于独木舟生产的轻质混凝土的密度,抗压和抗弯强度的合适范围。因此,由这些聚苯乙烯和珍珠岩夹杂物制成的独木舟在漂浮方面取得了明显的成功。
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引用次数: 5
Study of the Ultrasonic Behavior in (α + β`) Brass Alloy (α + β’)黄铜合金的超声行为研究
Pub Date : 2015-04-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101080
M. Fathi
Copper is one of the few metals with significant commercial uses. Although frequently used as a pure metal or with small amounts of metal additives, copper can form 82 binary alloys. Two of the most common are brass (copper-zinc) and bronze (copper-tin). This research work tries to study the ultrasonic behaviour in one of the important brass alloys represented by (α + β`) brass alloy. Specimens of (α + β`) brass were machined to cylindrical shape with different thicknesses in order to study the effect of the sound scanning distance on the acoustic attenuation of the ultrasonic waves. The results indicate that it is plausible to inspect (α + β`) brass using both 2MHz and 4MHz frequencies, and that the acoustic attenuation of ultrasonic waves has increased when 4MHz probe was used. In addition, the results illustrate that the acoustic attenuation increases as the sound path distance increases. (α + β`) صارب ةكیبس يف ةیتوصلا قوف تاجوملا كولس ةسارد يحتف دبع نلاعش دمحم ةسدنھلا ةیلك – لصوملا ةعماج ةصلاخلا ةرثكب ھمادختسإ نم مغرلابو ،عساو يراجت قاطن ىلع ساحنلا مدختسی لاا ةیندعملا تافاضلاا ضعب عم وا يقن ندعمك لكشی ساحنلا نأ 82 ساحن ) صاربلا امھ َاعویش كئابسلا رثكأ نم نانثأ .ةیئانث ةكیبس ساحن) زنوربلاو (كنز صارب ةكیبس يف ةینقتلا لماوعلا ضعب للاخ نم ةیتوصلا قوف تاجوملا كولس ةسارد يثحیلا لمعلا اذھ لواحی .(ریدصق ) α + β (` . صاربلا ةكیبس نم جذامن لیغشت مت (α + β`) قوف تاجوملا تاسجم عم مئلاتی امب كمسلا ةفلتخم ةیناوطسا لاكشأ ىلا .ةیتوصلا ةیطغاضتلا تاجوملا تاسجم تمدختساو (Compression waves probes) ) تاددرتب 2MHz and 4MHz .جذامنلا صحفل ( لوصحلا مت يتلا جئاتنلا ترھظأ صحفلا ضارغلا جذامنلا لخاد ةیتوصلا قوف تاجوملا ذافن ةیناكمأ ثحبلا اذھ يف اھیلع نیددرتلا لاك مادختساب يسدنھلا ) 2MHz and 4MHz ( مادختساب جذامنلا لخاد يتوصلا للاحمضلاا دایدزإ كلذكو ، ددرتلا وذ سجملا 4MHz فاسملا ةدایزب يتوصلا للاحمضلاا ةدایز جئاتنلا تنیب امك . نیددرتلا لاك مادختساب ةعوطقملا ة ) (2MHz,4MHz Received: 18 – 9 2013 Accepted: 21 – 4 2014 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.23 No. 2 April 2015
铜是少数具有重要商业用途的金属之一。虽然铜经常作为纯金属或与少量金属添加剂一起使用,但它可以形成82种二元合金。最常见的两种是黄铜(铜-锌)和青铜(铜-锡)。本研究工作试图研究以(α + β′)黄铜合金为代表的一种重要黄铜合金的超声行为。将(α + β′)黄铜加工成不同厚度的圆柱形试样,研究声扫描距离对超声波声衰减的影响。结果表明,使用2MHz和4MHz两种频率都可以检测(α + β′)黄铜,且使用4MHz探头时,超声波的声衰减有所增加。此外,结果表明,声衰减随声路距离的增加而增加。(α+β)صاربةكیبسيفةیتوصلاقوفتاجوملاكولسةسارديحتفدبعنلاعشدمحمةسدنھلاةیللك——صوملاةعماجةصلاخلاةرثكبھمادختسإنممغرلابو،عساويراجتقاطنىلعساحنلامدختسیلااةیندعملاتافاضلااضعبعموايقنندعمكلكشیساحنلانأ82ساح)صناربلاامھَاعویشكئابسلارثكأنمنانثأ。ةیئانثةكیبسساحن)زنوربلاو(كنزصاربةكیبسيفةینقتلالماوعلاضعبللاخنمةیتوصلاقوفتاجوملاكولسةسارديثحیلالمعلااذھلواحی。(ریدصق)α+β(”。صاربلاةكیبسنمجذامنلیغشتمت(α+β)قوفتاجوملاتاسجمعممئلاتیامبكمسلاةفلتخمةیناوطسالاكشأىلا。ةیتوصلاةیطغاضتلاتاجوملاتاسجمتمدختساو压缩波(探针)تاددرتب2 mhz和4 mhz。جذامنلاصحفلل(وصحلامتيتلاجئاتنلاترھظأصحفلاضارغلاجذامنلالخادةیتوصلاقوفتاجوملاذافنةیناكمأثحبلااذھيفاھیلعنیددرتلالاكمادختسابيسدنھلا)2 mhz和4 mhz(مادختسابجذامنلالخاديتوصلاللاحمضلاادایدزإكلذكو،ددرتلاوذسجملا4 mhzفاسملاةدایزبيتوصلاللاحمضلااةدایزجئاتنلاتنیبامك。نیددرتلا لاك مادختساب ةعوطقملا (2MHz,4MHz)接收:18 - 9 2013接收:21 - 4 2014 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.23 No. 2 2015年4月
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory Study of Flow Characteristics Over Piano Key Weir 钢琴键堰流动特性的实验室研究
Pub Date : 2015-04-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101072
B. Ali, H. Hayawi
The main objective of this investigation is to obtain performance efficiency and the coefficient of discharge for Piano Key weir with downstream overhang. One hundred thirty five experiments were conducted on models of Piano key weirs. Three slope of the inlet key (Si = 0.7, 0.6, 0.46), three different ratios for the inlet key width to the out let key width (Wi/Wo= 1, 1.61, 1.81) and three heights (p = 30, 25, 20) cm for each weir were used. The results showed that the slope of the inlet key (0.7) gave a lower values of performance efficiency and a highest values of coefficient of discharge than (0.6, 0.46) keys while ratios of inlet key width to the out let key width (Wi/Wo = 1.81) gave a highest values of coefficient of discharge. An empirical relationship was found for estimate the coefficient of discharge and performance efficiency in relation to the non dimensionless variable.
本文研究的主要目的是获得具有下游悬伸的钢琴键堰的性能效率和流量系数。在钢琴键堰模型上进行了135次实验。每个堰采用三个入口键的斜率(Si = 0.7, 0.6, 0.46),三个入口键宽度与出口键宽度的不同比例(Wi/Wo= 1, 1.61, 1.81)和三个高度(p = 30, 25, 20) cm。结果表明:进口键斜率(0.7)比(0.6,0.46)键的性能效率值更低,流量系数最高;进口键宽度与出口键宽度比值(Wi/Wo = 1.81)最大;在无量纲变量的关系下,发现了一种经验关系来估计流量系数和性能效率。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory Study For Estimating The Removing Sediment From Upstream Weirs Using Bottom Outlets 利用底排水口估算上游堰移沙量的实验室研究
Pub Date : 2015-02-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101028
Moayad S. Khaleel, Akram Mohammed
اھنم فدھلا ةیربتخملا براجتلا نم ةلسلس ثحبلا اذھ يف تیرجُأ نم ةلازملا تایبوسرلا ةیمك باسح مدقم .دسلا مسج يف ةیلفس تاحتف دوجوب ةسطاغلا دودسلا ) لوطب ةیربتخم ةانق يف براجتلا تیرجُأ 24.6 م ( ضرعو ) 0.81 فیراصت ةتس رارمإ مت .(م عم تایبوسرلل زیكارت ثلاث مادختسا مت فیرصت لك سطاغلا دسلا مدقم اھتفاضا قیرط نع . تاحتفلا ةحاسم نیب ةیدرط ةقلاع كانھ نأ ةساردلا جئاتن ترھظأ ةلازملا تایبوسرلا ةیمكو ةیلفسلا نأو سدكتلا قمع ةیلفسلا تاحتفلا ددع ةدایز عم لقی سطاغلا دسلا عقوم نم ةبیرقلا ةقطنملا يف مك ةیمك نأ ظحول ا ةلازملا تایبوسرلا دورف مقر ةدایزب دادزت . دیدحت لماعمبو تاحتفلا ةحاسم ةللادب ةلازملا تایبوسرلا ةیمك باسحل ةیعضو ةلداعم ةغایص مت ) 0.895 ( ةلداعملا جئاتن نم دجو ثیح ةساقملا ةلازملا تایبوسرلا ةیمك نیب قرف لقأو ىلعأ میقل ةیوئملا ةبسنلا نأ بوسحملاو ) يھ ة 15.7 ، 0.2 يلاوتلا ىلع ( .
اھنم فدھلا ةیربتخملا براجتلا نم ةلسلس ثحبلا اذھ يف تیرجُأ نم ةلازملا تایبوسرلا ةیمك باسح مدقم .دسلا مسج يف ةیلفس تاحتف دوجوب ةسطاغلا دودسلا )لوطب ةیربتخم ةانق يف براجتلا تیرجُأ 24.6 م ( ضرعو ) 0.81 فیراصت ةتس رارمإ مت .(م عم تایبوسرلل زیكارت ثلاث مادختسا مت فیرصت لك سطاغلا دسلا مدقم اھتفاضا قیرط نع .تاحتفلا ةحاسم نیب ةیدرط ةقلاع كانھ نأ ةساردلا جئاتن ترھظأ ةلازملا تایبوسرلا ةیمكو ةیلفسلا نأو سدكتلا قمع ةیلفسلاتاحتفلا ددع ةدایز عم لقی سطاغلا دسلا عقوم نم ةبیرقلا ةقطنملا يف مك ةیمك نأ ظحول ا ةلازملا تایبوسرلا دورف مقر ةدایزب دادزت .دیدحت لماعمبو تاحتفلا ةحاسم ةللادب ةلازملا تایبوسرلا ةیمك باسحل ةیعضو ةلداعم ةغایص مت )0.895 ( ةلداعملا جئاتن نم دجو ثیح ةساقملا ةلازملا تایبوسرلا ةیمك نیب قرف لقأو ىلعأ میقل ةیوئملا ةبسنلا نأ بوسحملاو )يھ ة 15.7 ، 0.2 يلاوتلا ىلع ( .
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Main Channel Roughness on The Branching Flow 主河道粗糙度对分支流动的影响
Pub Date : 2015-02-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101027
N. Alomari, Khalid Y. Taha, Moayed S. Khaleel
Abstract The work concerns a laboratory study to investigate the effect of changing the bed roughness of the main channel on the branching discharge and separation zone formed in the main channel as a result of discharging flow through a branch channel. The ratio of main channel roughness to the roughness of the branch channel bed has been changed between (1.7 – 3.9) for two branching angles (30 ̊ , 90 ̊ ) and for different values of main channel discharge ranged between (7 – 17) L/sec. Laboratory result shows that branching discharge ratio increases by the increasing the total discharge through the main channel at roughness ratio less than (2), where's the branching discharge decreases at roughness ratio greater than (2), and stay constant at roughness ratio about (2) for all discharge passing through the main channel. The result shows that the length of the separation zone decrease with the increasing in the roughness ratio and total discharge through the main channel. Keyword: Branching Channel, Bed Roughness, Branching Discharge, Separation Zone.
摘要:本文通过室内实验研究了改变主河道河床粗糙度对支流泄流在主河道中形成的分支泄流和分离带的影响。在分支角(30、90)和主河道流量(7 ~ 17)L/s范围内,主河道与分支河床的粗糙度之比在(1.7 ~ 3.9)之间变化。实验结果表明,当粗糙度比小于(2)时,支路流量随主通道总流量的增加而增加,当粗糙度比大于(2)时,支路流量减小,且在粗糙度比为(2)时保持不变。结果表明:随着粗糙度比的增大和主通道总流量的增大,分离带长度减小;关键词:分支通道;河床粗糙度;分支流量;
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引用次数: 5
A preparation and Characterization of Functionally Graded Aluminum Alloy Based Composite Via Casting Route 铸造法制备功能梯度铝合金基复合材料及其性能
Pub Date : 2015-02-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101044
A. Hamid, M. Abdullah
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引用次数: 1
Design and Simulation of Ultrasonic Metal Welding Horn 超声金属焊接喇叭的设计与仿真
Pub Date : 2015-02-28 DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2015.101045
Z. Al-Sarraf, M. Lucas
Ultrasonic metal welding (USMW) has become an efficient technique covers a wide range of applications of metals. Because of recent light weight of the parts, an efficient technique like (USMW) has become more applicable, because it considers more accurate, more minimised welding method than before. Welding horn must be designed on satisfying many criteria: vibrate longitudinally at operating frequency, isolated the axial mode from other nearest vibration frequencies, uniformity of vibration amplitude at the working surface and high amplitude of the operating mode. This research presents an approach to the design and simulate of the horn configuration which satisfies these criteria. The simulation and vibration mode shape characterisation of the horn is discussed and the analysis is accomplished using FE-package (ABAQUS), whilst the vibration modes are classified using experimental data from 3D laser Doppler vibrometer measurements. Modal and harmonic analysis are completed successfully to examine the frequency for the welding tuned horn
超声波金属焊接(USMW)已成为一种覆盖金属广泛应用的高效技术。由于最近零件的轻量化,像(USMW)这样的高效技术变得更加适用,因为它考虑了比以前更精确,更最小化的焊接方法。焊接变幅器的设计必须满足以下几个标准:在工作频率下纵向振动,轴向振动与其他最近的振动频率隔离,工作表面振动幅值均匀,工作模式幅值高。本研究提出了一种满足这些标准的喇叭结构设计与仿真方法。讨论了喇叭的仿真和振型特征,并使用FE-package (ABAQUS)完成了分析,同时使用三维激光多普勒测振仪测量的实验数据对振动模式进行了分类。对焊接调谐喇叭的频率进行了模态分析和谐波分析
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引用次数: 1
期刊
AL Rafdain Engineering Journal
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