Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882932
N. Gaur, Anu Mehra, Deepika Kamboj, Devyani Tyagi
This paper proposes a new approach for 32 bit Arithmetic and Logic Unit for multifunctional processors. The proposed ALU has a novel instruction set including Parity checker, Parity Generator, Binary to Gray converter, gray to binary converter and Manchester encoder decoder along with conventional ALU operations. This extended ALU caters the need of cryptographic processors where an extended security could be provided using novel operation sets. Present ALU Architecture is simulated in Xilinx Vivado 14.4 tool and implemented on 28nm zynq 7000 FPGA board. Total on chip power used in presented ALU is 0.123 W only.
{"title":"A novel implementation of 32 bit extended ALU Architecture at 28nm FPGA","authors":"N. Gaur, Anu Mehra, Deepika Kamboj, Devyani Tyagi","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882932","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new approach for 32 bit Arithmetic and Logic Unit for multifunctional processors. The proposed ALU has a novel instruction set including Parity checker, Parity Generator, Binary to Gray converter, gray to binary converter and Manchester encoder decoder along with conventional ALU operations. This extended ALU caters the need of cryptographic processors where an extended security could be provided using novel operation sets. Present ALU Architecture is simulated in Xilinx Vivado 14.4 tool and implemented on 28nm zynq 7000 FPGA board. Total on chip power used in presented ALU is 0.123 W only.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114286226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882955
Nikhil Patel, S. Meena
This paper has been proposed for the space domain image steganography. Here, modification of least significant bit (LSB) of picture element of carrier image (CI) is done by the most significant bit (MSB) of secret image (SI). Here, along with information hiding, security is provided by the dynamic key cryptography. The dynamic feature of key is enabled by rotating the key and each rotation of key produces new key. In this technique, pixel selection of carrier image and secret image is done on the basis of pseudo random number (PRN) which provide double layer security against the stegano analytic attack.
{"title":"LSB based image steganography using dynamic key cryptography","authors":"Nikhil Patel, S. Meena","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882955","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has been proposed for the space domain image steganography. Here, modification of least significant bit (LSB) of picture element of carrier image (CI) is done by the most significant bit (MSB) of secret image (SI). Here, along with information hiding, security is provided by the dynamic key cryptography. The dynamic feature of key is enabled by rotating the key and each rotation of key produces new key. In this technique, pixel selection of carrier image and secret image is done on the basis of pseudo random number (PRN) which provide double layer security against the stegano analytic attack.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115447283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882993
Puru Gaur, P. Saini, Amit Kumar, M. Ram
Call Drop still remains a menace and a huge problem for the Government of India and Indian Telecom Service Providers. Researchers have done extensive work in this field of wireless communications, but still, it remains unsolved. In the same series, in this paper, a model for preventing call drops has been proposed and its reliability, availability and sensitivity with expected profit has been tested using Markov regenerative process. The results obtained clearly show that this system is reliable and if the causes of its failure are prevented it will yield fruitful results.
{"title":"Optimization of Call Drop system (CDS) through reliability approach","authors":"Puru Gaur, P. Saini, Amit Kumar, M. Ram","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882993","url":null,"abstract":"Call Drop still remains a menace and a huge problem for the Government of India and Indian Telecom Service Providers. Researchers have done extensive work in this field of wireless communications, but still, it remains unsolved. In the same series, in this paper, a model for preventing call drops has been proposed and its reliability, availability and sensitivity with expected profit has been tested using Markov regenerative process. The results obtained clearly show that this system is reliable and if the causes of its failure are prevented it will yield fruitful results.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114816530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882981
Anshu Singh, P. Mittal
Massive investigation has been completed in the territory of organic electronics in recent times. In this framework, this paper has paying attention on fastidious constructing obstructed of the enormous and promising field of organic-electronics: Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT), which have semiconductor based on organic compounds. The endlessly growing figure of obtainable organic-molecules demonstrating conductive, semi conductive and protecting characteristics shared with the numeral of existing deposition and patterning techniques, provides additional flexibility of the electronics devices. Moreover this Single-Gate, Dual-Gate, Vertical-Channel, Cylindrical-Gate OTFTs are examined. Besides this revise establishes organic inverter circuits with DLL (Diode-Load Logic) and ZVLL (Zero-Vgs-Load Logic) configurations using CG (Cylindrical Gate) structures. Static behavior of CG Organic Inverter is obtained.
{"title":"Organic Thin Film Transistor and Organic Inverter based on Cylindrical Gate OTFT","authors":"Anshu Singh, P. Mittal","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882981","url":null,"abstract":"Massive investigation has been completed in the territory of organic electronics in recent times. In this framework, this paper has paying attention on fastidious constructing obstructed of the enormous and promising field of organic-electronics: Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT), which have semiconductor based on organic compounds. The endlessly growing figure of obtainable organic-molecules demonstrating conductive, semi conductive and protecting characteristics shared with the numeral of existing deposition and patterning techniques, provides additional flexibility of the electronics devices. Moreover this Single-Gate, Dual-Gate, Vertical-Channel, Cylindrical-Gate OTFTs are examined. Besides this revise establishes organic inverter circuits with DLL (Diode-Load Logic) and ZVLL (Zero-Vgs-Load Logic) configurations using CG (Cylindrical Gate) structures. Static behavior of CG Organic Inverter is obtained.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116465636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882974
Kapil Saraswat, A. Harish
A coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed circularly polarized monopole antenna is presented. The monopole antenna is placed inside a hexagonal shaped slot which is acting as a ground plane. A pair of L-shaped stubs are placed diagonally inside the slot. In order to enhance the impedance bandwidth a spiral discontinuity is created in the grounded ring, near to the edge of the L-stub. The measured result shows that the proposed antenna exhibit a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 480 MHz (4.55 GHz – 5.03 GHz) and impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10dB) of 4.17 GHz (2.97 GHz – 7.14 GHz).
{"title":"CPW fed circularly polarized hexagonal slot antenna","authors":"Kapil Saraswat, A. Harish","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882974","url":null,"abstract":"A coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed circularly polarized monopole antenna is presented. The monopole antenna is placed inside a hexagonal shaped slot which is acting as a ground plane. A pair of L-shaped stubs are placed diagonally inside the slot. In order to enhance the impedance bandwidth a spiral discontinuity is created in the grounded ring, near to the edge of the L-stub. The measured result shows that the proposed antenna exhibit a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 480 MHz (4.55 GHz – 5.03 GHz) and impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10dB) of 4.17 GHz (2.97 GHz – 7.14 GHz).","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882982
D. Saini, S. Saini, S. Negi
This paper is aimed at giving the basic knowledge of the organic thin film transistors. To start with basic knowledge of different structures of single gate OTFT has been provided. Thereafter the simulation of BGBC single gate OTFT has been done and the results are shown. Finally the simulation of dual gate OTFT has been done and the results are shown. These two different structures have then been compared based on their performance parameters like threshold voltage, sub-threshold slope, mobility, current ratio. It is seen that the performance of DG-OTFT is better that the single gate OTFT in all the spheres because of the extra gate that has been added. Thus the DG_OTFT devices are more robust and have better performance.
{"title":"Modelling and comparison of single gate and dual gate organic thin film transistor","authors":"D. Saini, S. Saini, S. Negi","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882982","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at giving the basic knowledge of the organic thin film transistors. To start with basic knowledge of different structures of single gate OTFT has been provided. Thereafter the simulation of BGBC single gate OTFT has been done and the results are shown. Finally the simulation of dual gate OTFT has been done and the results are shown. These two different structures have then been compared based on their performance parameters like threshold voltage, sub-threshold slope, mobility, current ratio. It is seen that the performance of DG-OTFT is better that the single gate OTFT in all the spheres because of the extra gate that has been added. Thus the DG_OTFT devices are more robust and have better performance.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"27 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130434774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882991
S. Anand, R. K. Raj, Surbhi Sinha, D. K. Upadhyay, G. K. Mishra
A Bandwidth reconfigurable microstrip antenna has been presented in this paper. Dual layer circular patch antenna structure has been used. Geometrical variation in horse shoe structure used as lower patch is responsible for controlled bandwidth variation. The proposed antenna structure provides bandwidth variation from 90.99 MHz to 144 MHz at constant resonant frequency of 3.4GHz.
{"title":"Bandwidth reconfigurable patch antenna for next generation wireless communication system applications","authors":"S. Anand, R. K. Raj, Surbhi Sinha, D. K. Upadhyay, G. K. Mishra","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882991","url":null,"abstract":"A Bandwidth reconfigurable microstrip antenna has been presented in this paper. Dual layer circular patch antenna structure has been used. Geometrical variation in horse shoe structure used as lower patch is responsible for controlled bandwidth variation. The proposed antenna structure provides bandwidth variation from 90.99 MHz to 144 MHz at constant resonant frequency of 3.4GHz.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"38 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120979366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882967
Nidhi Verma, P. Mishra, N. Purohit, Dharmendra Singh
There have been many investigations regarding water-ice depositions on the lunar surface and it is always been challenging. The previous studies were based on the circular polarization ratio (CPR). However, the CPR has proved to be inefficient in making distinctive classification of smooth (water-ice) and rough surface. Therefore, instead of using single polarimetric parameter CPR, it is required to analyze the CPR>1, along with other significant physical and electrical properties for better textural classification. In this paper, we have established the relationship between icy region and rough region based on physical property that is surface roughness measured with the help of fractal dimension method (‘D’) and electrical properties like real part of dielectric constant (ε′), imaginary part of dielectric constant (ε″), real (n) and imaginary (k) part of refractive index, skin depth (d) and reflectivity (R). The whole investigation indicates that the textural classification of the lunar surface with the help of physical and electrical properties gives superior results as compared to the single polarimetric parameter CPR.
{"title":"Explicating MiniSAR data to underline significant properties of lunar surface","authors":"Nidhi Verma, P. Mishra, N. Purohit, Dharmendra Singh","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882967","url":null,"abstract":"There have been many investigations regarding water-ice depositions on the lunar surface and it is always been challenging. The previous studies were based on the circular polarization ratio (CPR). However, the CPR has proved to be inefficient in making distinctive classification of smooth (water-ice) and rough surface. Therefore, instead of using single polarimetric parameter CPR, it is required to analyze the CPR>1, along with other significant physical and electrical properties for better textural classification. In this paper, we have established the relationship between icy region and rough region based on physical property that is surface roughness measured with the help of fractal dimension method (‘D’) and electrical properties like real part of dielectric constant (ε′), imaginary part of dielectric constant (ε″), real (n) and imaginary (k) part of refractive index, skin depth (d) and reflectivity (R). The whole investigation indicates that the textural classification of the lunar surface with the help of physical and electrical properties gives superior results as compared to the single polarimetric parameter CPR.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124525792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882977
Vikas Kumar, S. Santosh
Spectrum sensing is important step for better utilization of unused frequency band in cognitive radio technology. In spectrum sensing, threshold determination plays the key role. In this paper, we analyze the performance metrics of cognitive radio network under conventional threshold and adaptive threshold. Conventional theory considers only one metric at a time i.e. either probability of false alarm or probability of detection for threshold determination. Adaptive threshold tries to determine the threshold that maximizes the probability of detection simultaneously minimizing the probability of false alarm. This paper also analyzes the impact of spectrum utilization factor on the performance metrics.
{"title":"CR network performance metrics analysis under conventional and adaptive theory","authors":"Vikas Kumar, S. Santosh","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882977","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum sensing is important step for better utilization of unused frequency band in cognitive radio technology. In spectrum sensing, threshold determination plays the key role. In this paper, we analyze the performance metrics of cognitive radio network under conventional threshold and adaptive threshold. Conventional theory considers only one metric at a time i.e. either probability of false alarm or probability of detection for threshold determination. Adaptive threshold tries to determine the threshold that maximizes the probability of detection simultaneously minimizing the probability of false alarm. This paper also analyzes the impact of spectrum utilization factor on the performance metrics.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121271876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882992
A. Rushdi, M. Rushdi
This paper utilizes concepts and tools of switching algebra to describe an algorithm for computing all candidate keys of a relational database. Our algorithm starts with a superkey comprising all attributes, and then uses logical inference to reduce it to the set of candidate keys. The essential step in this inference is the construction of the complete sum of a pertinent switching function. Some computational saving is possible through the use of Boolean quotients if essential and/or superfluous attributes are recognized.
{"title":"Switching-algebraic algorithmic derivation of candidate keys in relational databases","authors":"A. Rushdi, M. Rushdi","doi":"10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882992","url":null,"abstract":"This paper utilizes concepts and tools of switching algebra to describe an algorithm for computing all candidate keys of a relational database. Our algorithm starts with a superkey comprising all attributes, and then uses logical inference to reduce it to the set of candidate keys. The essential step in this inference is the construction of the complete sum of a pertinent switching function. Some computational saving is possible through the use of Boolean quotients if essential and/or superfluous attributes are recognized.","PeriodicalId":340007,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131508153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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