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Impact of Choice of Neutral Point Clamped and H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters for PV Systems 中性点箝位和h桥多电平逆变器选择对光伏系统的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240406
A. Rechach, S. Ghoudelbourk, Mihoub Mohamed Larbi
The exploitation of solar energy and the universal interest in photovoltaic systems have increased nowadays due to galloping energy consumption and current geopolitical and economic issues. This has led to high technical and economic requirements. The PV system still faces major obstacles such as high cost and low efficiency compared to other renewable technologies. In addition, the photovoltaic system suffers from the rate of undesirable harmonics of the generated power which could alter the quality of energy and the performance requested by users. In order to remedy this problem, the use of the multi-level inverter is in these cases one of the most promising solutions. Indeed, the multi-level technology seems to be well suited to photovoltaic applications to help fill the need for several sources on the DC side of the converter. The technical performance and reliability of the multi-level inverter used to connect the PV modules to the electrical power distribution networks can improve and make profitable the power produced. In this work, we compare two multi-level inverter topologies for PV systems: H-Bridge (HB) and Neutral Point Clamped (NPC). The comparison between these inverters is based on the criteria of spectral quality of the output voltage and the complexity of the power circuits.
由于能源消耗的急剧增长以及当前的地缘政治和经济问题,太阳能的开发和对光伏系统的普遍兴趣日益增加。这导致了很高的技术和经济要求。与其他可再生能源技术相比,光伏系统仍然面临着成本高、效率低等主要障碍。此外,光伏系统还受到产生的电能产生的不良谐波率的影响,这可能会改变电能的质量和用户所要求的性能。为了补救这个问题,在这些情况下,多级逆变器的使用是最有前途的解决方案之一。事实上,多层技术似乎非常适合光伏应用,以帮助填补转换器直流侧对多个电源的需求。将光伏组件接入配电网的多级逆变器的技术性能和可靠性可以提高光伏组件的发电效益。在这项工作中,我们比较了光伏系统的两种多级逆变器拓扑:h桥(HB)和中性点箝位(NPC)。这些逆变器之间的比较是基于输出电压的频谱质量和功率电路的复杂性的标准。
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引用次数: 1
Learning Machine Based on Optimized Dimensionality Reduction Algorithm for Fault Diagnosis of Rotor Broken Bars in Induction Machine 基于优化降维算法的学习机感应电机转子断条故障诊断
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240402
Noureddine Fares, Zoubir Aoulmi, T. Thelaidjia, D. Ounnas
Induction machine health monitoring is considered a developing technology for the online detection of faults that occur even at the initial stage. The objective of this study is to present an artificial intelligence (AI) technique for the detection and localization of adjacent and distant broken bar faults in the induction machine, through a multi-winding model for the simulation of these cases. In this work, it was found that the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based on Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Random Forest (decision tree) plays an important role in detecting and locating defaults. The stator current signal Ias of a motor in the dynamic state was acquired from a healthy and faulty motor with a broken rotor bar fault. 9 statistical features and 8 wavelet packet parameters are extracted from the stator current signal. These features were employed as an input vector to train and test the ANN and random fores29t and determine whether the motor was running under normal conditions or defective. For optimizing the rotor bar defect classification procedure, feature selection algorithms are adopted, such as BBAT and BPSO. For feature reduction, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, to reduce the number of features. The results showed that the random forest classifier based on statistical parameters and wavelet packet parameters followed by PCA can detect the defective with high accuracy (98.3333%) compared to other methods.
感应电机健康监测被认为是一种在线检测故障的新兴技术,即使故障发生在初始阶段。本研究的目的是提出一种人工智能(AI)技术,通过多绕组模型对感应电机中相邻和远处断条故障进行检测和定位。本研究发现,基于均方误差(MSE)和随机森林(决策树)的人工神经网络(ANN)在检测和定位默认值方面发挥了重要作用。从转子断条故障的正常电机和故障电机中获取电机动态状态下的定子电流信号Ias。从定子电流信号中提取了9个统计特征和8个小波包参数。这些特征被用作输入向量来训练和测试人工神经网络和随机森林29t,并确定电机是在正常状态下运行还是有缺陷。为了优化转子棒缺陷分类程序,采用了BBAT和BPSO等特征选择算法。对于特征约简,我们使用主成分分析(PCA)算法来减少特征的数量。结果表明,基于统计参数和小波包参数的随机森林分类器,再结合主成分分析,能较好地检测出缺陷,准确率高达98.3333%。
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引用次数: 0
IGBT Wirebonds Ageing: A New Test Bench Development for Dedicated Modules Assemblies IGBT线键老化:专用模块组件的新测试台开发
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240401
G. Pellecuer, J. Huselstein, T. Martiré, F. Forest, A. Chrysochoos, M. Jebli
Wirebonds ageing in power modules used in electric vehicles is a main concern for the development of reliable inverters. The development of a specific test bench to study the evolution of their properties over time has allowed conclusions to be drawn on the possibility of accelerating or not accelerating ageing tests without distorting the mechanisms actually involved in ageing. Through the use of specifically developed test bench in terms of electrical and thermal properties the studied wirebonds samples are more easily thermally controllable, equipped with measuring devices and the energy consumption at a given cycle is divided by ten compared to a classical bench. The entire process of designing and producing the specific samples and the associated test bench and a description of the first results obtained to demonstrate the relevance of the approach is given.
电动汽车中使用的功率模块中的线键老化是开发可靠逆变器的主要问题。开发一个专门的试验台来研究其特性随时间的演变,可以在不扭曲实际涉及老化的机制的情况下,就加速或不加速老化试验的可能性得出结论。通过使用专门开发的电学和热性能测试平台,所研究的线键样品更容易热可控,配备了测量装置,在给定周期内的能量消耗与传统的测试平台相比是十分之一。给出了设计和制作特定样品和相关测试台的整个过程,并描述了所获得的初步结果,以证明该方法的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Maximum Active Power Transmission Efficiency and Apparent Power Definition with Arbitrary Waveforms 任意波形下的最大有功功率传输效率和视在功率定义
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240405
H. Tacca
A proof of the theorem giving the maximum available active power with constant transmission losses (i.e., maximum efficiency) valid for arbitrary waveforms, is proposed. This makes it possible to rigorously generalize the definitions of power factor based on the definition of apparent power as the maximum power available to apply them to systems with non-symmetric, non-sinusoidal, and eventually time-varying (i.e., non-periodic) waveforms or DC grids, thus extending its application to hybrid multi-wire systems with asymmetrical phases, with different voltages, frequencies or waveforms (i.e., non-sinusoidal waves, such as rectangular or PWM) and even DC, which can be combined eventually sharing the neutral conductor. Finally, an example of application to a hybrid system composed of DC and unbalanced load inverter-based non-sinusoidal AC subsystems is included.
给出了对任意波形有效的具有恒定传输损耗(即最大效率)的最大可用有功功率定理的证明。这使得根据视在功率的定义严格推广功率因数的定义成为可能,视在功率是可用的最大功率,将其应用于具有非对称、非正弦和最终时变(即非周期)波形或直流电网的系统,从而将其应用扩展到具有不对称相位的混合多线系统,具有不同的电压、频率或波形(即非正弦波,如矩形或PWM),甚至直流。它们可以结合在一起,最终共用中性导体。最后,给出了一个应用于由直流和不平衡负载逆变器组成的非正弦交流子系统的混合系统的实例。
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引用次数: 0
The Shading Effect on Photovoltaic Generator (GPV) Based on Reverse Osmosis (RO) Desalination System in Algeria 阿尔及利亚反渗透(RO)海水淡化系统对光伏发电(GPV)的遮阳效果
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240403
Fatima Zohra Boukahil, O. Charrouf, S. Abdeddaim, A. Betka, Abdelkrim Menadi
This paper investigates the performances analysis of PV-RO desalination system under uniform and non-uniform irradiance conditions. The main objective is the application of Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) to the GPV side in order to overcome the generated power and water quantity losses to improve the performance of the whole system. The technical design of the developed system is based on an existing RO desalination unit beside that real climatic data taken from a local mast are involved in this study. The modeling of the whole system and the control techniques adopted in this study are fully formulated. The whole system is modeled and controlled using MATLAB/Simulink. Different scenarios (healthy and shaded) based on real climatic data have been used to carry out the results. The ESC used shows its effectiveness to extract maximum power under shaded conditions for all the proposed scenarios. Compared with conventional controllers, this technique can offer extra power surrounding 685W in several cases. Furthermore, the shading conditions can affect widely freshwater production whose losses are estimated at around 82.91% for critical scenarios. The findings results are very significant for industrialists working in this field.
研究了均匀辐照和非均匀辐照条件下PV-RO海水淡化系统的性能分析。主要目标是将极值寻求控制(ESC)应用于GPV侧,以克服发电功率和水量损失,提高整个系统的性能。开发的系统的技术设计基于现有的反渗透海水淡化装置,此外,本研究还涉及从当地桅杆获取的真实气候数据。对整个系统的建模和所采用的控制技术进行了全面的阐述。利用MATLAB/Simulink对整个系统进行了建模和控制。基于真实气候数据的不同情景(健康和阴影)被用于执行结果。所使用的ESC显示了其在阴影条件下提取最大功率的有效性。与传统控制器相比,这种技术在一些情况下可以提供约685W的额外功率。遮荫条件对淡水产量影响较大,在关键情景下,淡水产量损失约为82.91%。研究结果对从事该领域工作的实业家具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
I_V Characteristic of Vertical Double Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (VDMOS) Power Transistor Using Silvaco-TCAD 利用Silvaco-TCAD研究垂直双扩散金属氧化物半导体(VDMOS)功率晶体管的I_V特性
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240407
Mourad Bella, M. Ghoumazi
Today's electronics scenario finds itself with the advancement in the field of foremost important component MOSFET. Though one-step ahead of MOSFET, power MOS transistor such as VDMOS has recently begun to rival bipolar devices in power handling capability. In this paper, the results of simulation of VDMOS transistor have been presented. Additionally, the transfer characteristics of the VDMOS transistor are simulated. The drain current (Ids) as a function of the gate voltage and of the drain voltage was simulated for different work function values as well as for several oxide thickness and gate lengths, respectively. The results obtained show that when the work function and the oxide thickness as well as the gate length increase, the threshold voltage also increases. The VDMOS transistor is virtually fabricated using ATHENA software and simulation is done with help of ATLAS software and all graphs are plotted using Tonyplot in Silvaco.
今天的电子场景发现自己在最重要的元件MOSFET领域的进步。虽然功率MOS晶体管(如VDMOS)比MOSFET领先一步,但最近在功率处理能力方面开始与双极器件相媲美。本文给出了VDMOS晶体管的仿真结果。此外,还模拟了VDMOS晶体管的传输特性。在不同的功函数值以及不同的氧化物厚度和栅极长度下,分别模拟了漏极电流(Ids)作为栅极电压和漏极电压的函数。结果表明,当功函数、氧化层厚度和栅极长度增大时,阈值电压也随之增大。使用ATHENA软件虚拟制作VDMOS晶体管,并借助ATLAS软件进行仿真,所有图形都使用Silvaco中的Tonyplot绘制。
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引用次数: 0
Capacitor Converter DC Circuit Breaker with Current Limiting Function 具有限流功能的电容变换器直流断路器
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240303
Baoge Zhang, Yuemin Jiao, Shanyan Ping, Boxiang Wu
DC circuit breaker is the core equipment for the safe and stable operation of DC transmission system. In order to design a DC circuit breaker with low cost and current limiting function, a capacitor converter DC circuit breaker with current limiting function is proposed in this paper. The topology uses capacitance to replace IGBT to realize the switching of circuit state, which greatly reduces the number of IGBT, moreover, through the use of current limiting branch, the peak value and rate of current are restrained, the requirements of energy absorption capacity of lightning arrester are reduced, the fault cut-off time is shortened, and the cost and technical difficulty are greatly reduced. In this paper, the working principle of the extracted topology is studied and analyzed in stages, and then the parameters are designed. Finally, the system simulation model is built by using PSCAD software to verify the simulation model. Compared with the typical circuit breaker design scheme, the rationality and superiority of the proposed scheme are proved.
直流断路器是保证直流输电系统安全稳定运行的核心设备。为了设计一种具有低成本和限流功能的直流断路器,本文提出了一种具有限流功能的电容变换器直流断路器。该拓扑采用电容代替IGBT实现电路状态的切换,大大减少了IGBT的数量,并且通过限流支路的使用,抑制了电流的峰值和速率,降低了对避雷器吸能能力的要求,缩短了故障截止时间,大大降低了成本和技术难度。本文分阶段对提取拓扑的工作原理进行了研究和分析,并对提取拓扑的参数进行了设计。最后,利用PSCAD软件建立系统仿真模型,对仿真模型进行验证。通过与典型断路器设计方案的比较,证明了所提方案的合理性和优越性。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of Induction Motor Bearing Failures Through Retro-Propagation Neural Network Algorithm and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System of Type Takagi-Sugeno 基于反向传播神经网络算法和Takagi-Sugeno型自适应神经模糊推理系统的感应电机轴承故障分类
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240304
Abla Bouguern, S. Ghoudelbourk, A. Boukadoum
The goal of this work was to study the best technique for fault diagnosis in bearing induction motors. Degraded operating modes may occur during the life of the induction motors. One of the main causes of these failures is the defects of the bearings. To improve the operational safety of the drives, monitoring facilities can be placed to perform preventive maintenance. We present a classification of the vibration vector signal based on the vibration data obtained from the vector signal for four types of bearing defects (healthy, ball defect, inner ring and outer ring defect). The automatic diagnosis of these vectors is performed using artificial intelligence techniques that combine retro-propagation neural network algorithm and fuzzy inference system adaptive network of type Takagi-Sugeno. These techniques give accurate results that are confirmed by numerical simulation.
本工作的目的是研究轴承感应电机故障诊断的最佳技术。在感应电动机的使用寿命期间,可能会出现劣化的工作模式。这些故障的主要原因之一是轴承的缺陷。为了提高驱动器的操作安全性,可以放置监控设施来进行预防性维护。针对四种类型的轴承缺陷(健康缺陷、钢球缺陷、内圈缺陷和外圈缺陷),提出了一种基于矢量信号的振动矢量信号分类方法。利用人工智能技术,结合逆向传播神经网络算法和Takagi-Sugeno型模糊推理系统自适应网络,对这些向量进行自动诊断。数值模拟结果证实了这些方法的准确性。
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引用次数: 1
Design and Implementation of an Improved Metaheuristic Algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm Based on a PV Emulator and a Double-Stage Grid-Connected System 基于PV仿真器和双级并网系统的最大功率点跟踪改进元启发式算法的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240301
S. Meddour, D. Rahem, P. Wira, H. Laib, A. Cherif, Ihssane Chtouki
This research article proposes the optimization of a grid-connected photovoltaic system based on the PV emulator (PVE), the Boost converter, and a single-phase full-bridge inverter. The main objective is to track and extract the highest amount of power from the PV system working under variable solar irradiation while reducing losses and time response in each stage of the converter. As none, the main flaw of the classical maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) is its performance. The control law design is based on a PI controller in the PVE, a meta heuristic whale optimization algorithm (WOA) in the MPPT, and a reduced switching finite set model predictive control (RS-FS-MPC) for the single-phase full-bridge inverter. The proposed control techniques inherit the property of robustness and successfully deal with the nonlinear behavior of the system. The performance validation and effectiveness of the proposed control techniques is supported by MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations and is also verified experimentally on various systems carried out under varying solar irradiation.
本文提出了一种基于PV仿真器(PVE)、Boost变换器和单相全桥逆变器的并网光伏系统优化方案。主要目标是跟踪和提取在可变太阳辐射下工作的光伏系统的最高功率,同时减少转换器每个阶段的损耗和时间响应。经典最大功率点跟踪算法(MPPT)的主要缺陷在于性能。控制律设计基于PVE中的PI控制器,MPPT中的元启发式鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)和单相全桥逆变器的简化开关有限集模型预测控制(RS-FS-MPC)。所提出的控制方法继承了系统的鲁棒性,成功地处理了系统的非线性行为。MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真支持了所提出控制技术的性能验证和有效性,并在不同太阳辐照度下的各种系统上进行了实验验证。
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引用次数: 1
A Robust LQR-Based Fuzzy-Immune PID Applied for a Greenhouse Temperature Networked Control 基于鲁棒lqr的模糊免疫PID在温室温度网络控制中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.240302
Ibtihal Banharkou, S. Gherbi, Lamine Mehennaoui
Bioinspired control system strategies have received considerable attention in recent years, demonstrating their effectiveness to control various classes of systems. This paper presents a new robust LQR-based fuzzy-immune PID controller synthesis method, the particularity of this structure is the combination of the features granted by the linear quadratic regulator LQR and the fuzzy-immune PID controller as: robustness, optimization and self-adapting. The proposed approach is applied to the temperature control of a greenhouse system over Ethernet network. Such control loop is bound to be affected by several uncertainties such as communication delays, packet dropout... etc., it is therefore necessary to adopt a robust control strategy that can handle these problems. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the proposed controller structure under several perturbations/uncertainties scenarios. The results show better time domain performance and greater robustness against uncertainties, in comparison with other PID structures (classic and fuzzy immune PID).
近年来,生物激励控制系统策略受到了相当大的关注,证明了它们对控制各种类型系统的有效性。本文提出了一种新的基于鲁棒LQR的模糊免疫PID控制器综合方法,该结构的特点是将线性二次型调节器LQR与模糊免疫PID控制器的鲁棒性、最优性和自适应性相结合。将该方法应用于以太网温室系统的温度控制。这种控制回路必然会受到通信延迟、丢包等不确定因素的影响。因此,有必要采用一种能够处理这些问题的鲁棒控制策略。利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真了几种摄动/不确定情况下所提出的控制器结构。结果表明,与传统PID和模糊免疫PID相比,该方法具有更好的时域性能和更强的抗不确定性鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
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European Journal of Electrical Engineering
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