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Iron Loss Quantification in the Aim of the Estimation of Eddy Currents in Clamping Devices 铁损量化在箝位装置涡流估计中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230608
K. Darques, A. Tounzi, A. Benabou, S. Shihab, J. Korecki, W. Boughanmi, D. Laloy
In high power electrical machines, the leakage magnetic flux due to end windings induces eddy currents in clamping devices. However, it is quite difficult to quantify these losses. In order to study the effect of different clamping materials and the impact of the magnetization direction, an experimental mock-up composed of a stator and a clamping plate has been developed. An axial coil generates a circumferential magnetic flux in the stator core at different frequencies. Eddy current losses in the clamping plates are deduced from a power balance by subtracting Joule losses and iron losses from the total measured losses. Iron losses are deduced from 3D FE calculations while the impact of the frequency on B(H) curve is taken into account. Losses in the clamping device are then analyzed depending on experimental parameters.
在大功率电机中,由于端部绕组的漏磁会在夹紧装置中产生涡流。然而,这些损失很难量化。为了研究不同夹紧材料的影响和对磁化方向的影响,研制了由定子和夹紧板组成的实验样机。轴向线圈在定子铁心中产生不同频率的周向磁通。夹紧板中的涡流损耗是通过从总测量损耗中减去焦耳损耗和铁损耗,从功率平衡中推导出来的。在考虑频率对B(H)曲线影响的情况下,通过三维有限元计算推导出铁损。然后根据实验参数分析夹紧装置中的损耗。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting of Electricity Demand by Hybrid ANN-PSO under Shadow of the COVID-19 Pandemic 基于混合ANN-PSO的新冠肺炎疫情下电力需求预测
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230602
M. Rahmoune, S. Chettih
Here in the research paper, we did not use smart methods to predict the future but rather to show the impact of the pandemic, we used the hybrid method using the PSO-ANN algorithm to demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 on electricity consumption and to demonstrate that we used two basic steps. The first step is to demonstrate that the hybrid method is effective for prediction. We showed that the prediction for 2019 was good, and that was before the onset of COVID-19. As for the second step, we applied the same hybrid algorithm after the emergence of COVID-19, i.e. for 2020, to note the difference between the prediction and the current pregnancy, which represents the impact of this epidemic, and this prediction in the short term. A short-term role in the operation of a power system in terms of achieving an economical electrical output and avoiding losses or outages. We've collected four consecutive years of data that is downloaded every quarter-hour of the day. Electricity consumption in Algeria is used as an input to the PSO-ANN learning algorithm. The results of the PSO-ANN pregnancy prediction algorithm have better accuracy than the ANN prediction. In the future but with the emergence of a pandemic that has had a clear difference and represents economic losses in the field of electricity, the epidemic should be viewed as a short-term variable to reduce the level of energy loss and generation cost.
在研究论文中,我们没有使用智能方法来预测未来,而是展示大流行的影响,我们使用混合方法使用PSO-ANN算法来展示COVID-19对电力消耗的影响,并证明我们使用了两个基本步骤。第一步是证明混合方法对预测是有效的。我们证明了对2019年的预测是好的,那是在COVID-19发病之前。对于第二步,我们在COVID-19出现后,即2020年,使用相同的混合算法,以注意预测与当前怀孕之间的差异,这代表了这次流行病的影响,以及短期内的预测。在电力系统运行中实现经济的电力输出和避免损失或中断的短期作用。我们收集了连续四年的数据,这些数据是每天每25分钟下载一次的。阿尔及利亚的电力消耗被用作PSO-ANN学习算法的输入。PSO-ANN妊娠预测算法的预测结果优于人工神经网络预测。在未来,随着一种大流行病的出现,这种流行病产生了明显的不同,并代表了电力领域的经济损失,应将这种流行病视为减少能源损失和发电成本水平的短期变量。
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引用次数: 0
An Active Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy for Current Sensors Failure for Induction Motor Drives Using a Single Observer for Currents Estimation and Axes Transformation 基于单观测器的感应电机电流传感器故障主动容错控制策略
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230606
Y. Azzoug, R. Pusca, M. Sahraoui, A. Ammar, T. Ameid, R. Romary, A. Cardoso
This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control technique against current sensors failure in direct torque controlled induction motors drives, based on a new modification of Luenberger observer for currents estimation and axes transformation for vector rotation. Several important aspects are covered in the proposed algorithm, such as the detection of sensors failure, the isolation of faulty sensors, and the reconfiguration of the control system by a correct estimation. A logic circuit ensures fault detection by analyzing the residual signal between the measured and estimated quantities, while a single observer performs the task of estimating the line currents. In addition, a decision logic circuit isolates the erroneous signal and simultaneously selects the appropriate estimated current signal. An axes transformation ensures rotation from (a,b) to (α,β), which keeps a low-cost control using only two current sensors. The proposed scheme is tested on MATLAB/Simulink environment and experimentally validated in a laboratory prototype mainly containing a dS1104 card and 4 kW induction motor.
本文提出了一种基于Luenberger观测器的电流估计和矢量旋转的轴向变换的容错控制技术,以防止直接转矩控制异步电动机驱动中电流传感器失效。该算法涵盖了传感器故障的检测、故障传感器的隔离以及通过正确的估计重新配置控制系统等几个重要方面。逻辑电路通过分析测量量和估计量之间的剩余信号来确保故障检测,而单个观测器执行估计线路电流的任务。此外,决策逻辑电路隔离错误信号,同时选择适当的估计电流信号。轴转换确保从(a,b)到(α,β)的旋转,这使得仅使用两个电流传感器就可以保持低成本的控制。该方案在MATLAB/Simulink环境下进行了测试,并在以dS1104卡和4kw感应电机为主的实验室样机上进行了实验验证。
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引用次数: 3
Impact of the Integration of a STATCOM Controlled by LQG/H2 Regulator in an Energy System LQG/H2调节器控制的STATCOM集成对能源系统的影响
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230502
M. Mekki, H. M. Boulouiha, A. Allali, M. Denai
Nowadays, the reactive power consumption is becoming a serious problem for electricity network management. To overcome this problem, several solutions are proposed in the literature. In the present study, the static reactive power compensator (STATCOM) solution is used to keep the network voltage within its rated range. The STATCOM is modeled in the axes of Park reference frame and is driven controlled by a SVPWM strategy. Its control scheme is based on a multivariable Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG/H2) controller, which has the advantage of being applied to systems whose condition is not measured. Simulations are performed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results are presented, compared and discussed.
目前,无功功率消耗已成为电网管理的一个严重问题。为了克服这个问题,文献中提出了几种解决方案。在本研究中,采用静态无功补偿器(STATCOM)方案使电网电压保持在额定范围内。STATCOM在Park参照系的坐标轴上建模,采用SVPWM策略驱动控制。其控制方案基于多变量线性二次高斯(LQG/H2)控制器,具有适用于状态不可测系统的优点。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件进行仿真。对结果进行了介绍、比较和讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Stochastic Modelling and Stability Analysis of Large-Scale Wind Power Generation System with Dynamic Loads 具有动态负荷的大型风力发电系统随机建模与稳定性分析
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230503
J. C. Attachie, C. K. Amuzuvi, Godwin Diamenu
As a result of dwindling fossil fuel reserves and the negative impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the environment, it is important that the search for a power grid that will comprise of only variable renewable energy (VRE) generation sources such as wind or solar energy which is available everywhere for free is given much attention. The main challenge associated with these sources of energy is their variability and random nature. It is as a result of instability introduced by the VRE generation sources, that is why there is a strict control measures put in place by the regulators as to how much VRE generation sources can feed into the power grid in the case of its integration into an existing power grid. It becomes imperative to consider implications for grid stability and reliability when considering a power grid that will consist of VRE generation only. Eigenvalue approach was used to analysed the performance of anticipated large-scale VRE grid to ascertain its behaviour. Eigenvalue approach is one of the methods to examine the stability of a power system’s dynamic performance. The results indicated that it is possible to attain the necessary stability provided the assumptions made during the modelling stage is revised to improve upon the model.
由于化石燃料储量的减少和温室气体(GHGs)对环境的负面影响,寻找一种只由可变可再生能源(VRE)发电来源(如风能或太阳能)组成的电网是很重要的,这些能源随处可见,是免费的。与这些能源相关的主要挑战是它们的可变性和随机性。这是VRE发电源引入的不稳定性的结果,这就是为什么监管机构对VRE发电源在与现有电网整合的情况下可以向电网提供多少电力采取了严格的控制措施。在考虑仅由VRE发电组成的电网时,必须考虑对电网稳定性和可靠性的影响。采用特征值法分析了预期的大型VRE网格的性能,确定了其行为。特征值法是检验电力系统动态性能稳定性的方法之一。结果表明,只要修正建模阶段所作的假设以改进模型,就有可能达到必要的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Sensorless Direct Torque Control of PMSM Based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control with Full Order Sliding Mode Observer 基于全阶滑模观测器模糊滑模控制的永磁同步电机无传感器直接转矩控制
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230507
Idriss Baba Arbi, Abdelkrim Allag
This paper presents an implementation of Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Sensorless Direct Torque Control (DTC) of a Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machine as a combination between the known performances of direct torque control on the one hand and the robustness of sliding mode control on the other hand. The fuzzy controller is introduced to reduce the effect of chattering phenomenon which is the major disadvantage of sliding mode control technique. The proposed controller is used to replace the conventional PI angular speed controller that generates the electromagnetic reference torque for DTC, in order to improve the dynamic and the permanent behaviors of the angular speed control response as well the electromagnetic torque. The proposed control technique is implemented without using speed or position sensors, where a Full Order Sliding Mode Observer is used. It is shown that the proposed control technique has given improved simulation results with different speed ranges and different load values.
本文提出了一种用于永磁同步电机无传感器直接转矩控制(DTC)的模糊滑模控制的实现方法,它结合了直接转矩控制的已知性能和滑模控制的鲁棒性。为了减小滑模控制技术的主要缺点抖振现象的影响,引入了模糊控制器。该控制器用于取代传统的PI角速度控制器,以产生直接转矩的电磁参考转矩,以改善角速度控制响应的动态和永久性行为以及电磁转矩。所提出的控制技术在不使用速度或位置传感器的情况下实现,其中使用全阶滑模观测器。结果表明,所提出的控制方法在不同转速范围和不同负载值下均能得到较好的仿真结果。
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引用次数: 0
Power Quality Improvement Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer on Grid-Connected Wind Energy System 利用动态电压恢复器改善并网风电系统电能质量
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230506
M. Yadav, P. Sujatha, P. B. Kumar
Reduction of fossil fuels and increasing technology made importance of wind generation as renewable energy sources. With increasing number of wind farms fed to grid increases grid fault issues due to various wind systems disconnected from grid during grid faults. To get better grid operation, wind farms are probable to be carried during disturbance related to grid faults extensively known as fault ride through capability. In proposed system a fault ride through method in wind farm management system connected to grid is investigated in term of critical clearing time. This paper examines the use of dynamic voltage restorer on the enhancement of fixed-speed wind generator systems. The controller capability performance, drive performance, and cost factor are considered. Simulation is performed using MATLAB Simulink for constant speed wind generators with closed-loop controller-based DVR are tested. The constant speed drive called synchronous generator-based wind system feed to an infinite bus system. Simulation results show the wind system with DVR has better fault ride-through capability other compensated voltages and is more efficient in minimizing voltage fluctuations called sag/swell and wind generator’s speed. Additionally, DVR aids wind generators to maintain voltage sag/swell with the grid limits requirements with economical as compared to other voltage compensating systems.
化石燃料的减少和技术的提高使风力发电作为可再生能源变得重要。随着并网风电场数量的增加,由于各种风力系统在电网故障期间与电网断开,导致电网故障问题日益严重。为了获得更好的电网运行,风电场可能会在电网故障引起的干扰期间运行,即所谓的故障穿越能力。在该系统中,从临界清除时间的角度研究了并网风电场管理系统的故障穿越方法。本文研究了动态电压恢复器在定速风力发电系统中的应用。考虑了控制器性能、驱动器性能和成本因素。利用MATLAB Simulink对恒速风力发电机采用基于闭环控制器的DVR进行了仿真测试。将等速驱动称为同步发电机的风力系统馈给无限母线系统。仿真结果表明,采用DVR的风力系统在其他补偿电压下具有更好的故障穿越能力,在减小电压起伏和风力发电机转速方面更有效。此外,与其他电压补偿系统相比,DVR帮助风力发电机在电网限制条件下保持电压下降/膨胀,经济实惠。
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引用次数: 0
MPPT for Photovoltaic System Using Adaptive Fuzzy Backstepping Sliding Mode Control 基于自适应模糊反步滑模控制的光伏系统最大功率跟踪控制
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230505
Attoui Hadjira, Behih Khalissa, Bouchama Ziyad, Ziyad Nadjat
This paper presents an intelligent monitoring control strategy for a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) system applications. The design of the proposed nonlinear adaptive control law (AFBSMC) is formulated based on adaptive fuzzy systems, backstepping approach and sliding mode technique to maximize the power output of a PV system under various sets of conditions and parameters variation. Unlike many conventional controllers, the main contribution of the present paper provides a soften control law which useful to handle parameters variations due to the different operating conditions occurring on the PV system and makes the controller easy to implement. This aim is achieved using fuzzy systems in an adaptive scheme to approximate the switching control function of the global control law while backstepping sliding mode control compensates uncertainties and external disturbances. The analytical stability proof of the closed-loop system is corroborated via Lyapunov synthesis while numerical simulations of different operating conditions of a PV system is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
针对光伏发电系统中最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)问题,提出了一种智能监控策略。提出了一种基于自适应模糊系统、反演方法和滑模技术的非线性自适应控制律(AFBSMC)设计,以实现光伏系统在各种条件和参数变化下的最大输出功率。与许多传统控制器不同,本文的主要贡献是提供了一个软控制律,该律有助于处理由于PV系统上发生的不同运行条件而引起的参数变化,并使控制器易于实现。采用模糊系统自适应逼近全局控制律的切换控制函数,而反步滑模控制则补偿不确定性和外部干扰。通过Lyapunov综合验证了闭环系统的解析稳定性证明,并对光伏系统的不同运行条件进行了数值模拟,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
Effects of VA Rating on the Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformer Using SFRA Test 电压额定值对电力变压器SFRA故障诊断的影响
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230504
Khalid H. Ibrahim, Nourhan R. Korany, S. Saleh
The electric power transformer is an essential part of an electrical power system since it is used to step up or down voltage levels to maintain the system performance as well as possible. Frequency response analysis (FRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for detecting various types of mechanical damage in transformers. The equivalent circuit of the transformer will be represented by a complex network of R, L, and C elements in the FRA technique. For transformer faults diagnosis, various calculation techniques and diagnostic techniques may be used, such as acoustic emission analysis, thermal images of electromagnetic radiation, transformer temperature, and humidity analysis. SFRA test is one of these techniques that could be used to determine the fault type based on its response over a wide frequency range. The main challenge of the SFRA test is that the functional interpretation requirement for this test is not universally accepted Also statistical features are defined for this SFRA response to be used in fault detection and classification. In this paper, the effect of the transformer rating on the fault diagnosis techniques using SFRA is tested. Also, the effect of the transformer VA rating on the statistical parameters and the classification rules of fault diagnosis is discussed. Finally, the features used in fault diagnosis are ranked according to its independence of the transformer rating resulting in a more accurate matching fault diagnosis technique.
电力变压器是电力系统的重要组成部分,因为它用于提高或降低电压水平,以保持系统的性能尽可能好。频率响应分析(FRA)是一种应用最广泛的检测变压器各种机械损伤的技术。在FRA技术中,变压器的等效电路将由R、L和C元素组成的复杂网络来表示。对于变压器故障诊断,可以使用各种计算技术和诊断技术,如声发射分析、电磁辐射热图像、变压器温度和湿度分析等。SFRA测试是这些技术中的一种,可用于根据其在宽频率范围内的响应来确定故障类型。SFRA测试的主要挑战是该测试的功能解释要求没有被普遍接受。此外,SFRA响应定义了统计特征,用于故障检测和分类。本文测试了变压器额定功率对SFRA故障诊断技术的影响。讨论了变压器电压额定值对故障诊断统计参数和分类规则的影响。最后,根据特征与变压器额定值的独立性对故障诊断中使用的特征进行排序,从而获得更准确的匹配故障诊断技术。
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引用次数: 1
Dynamic Impact Analysis of Integrating a 6 MW Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant into Medium Voltage Distribution Network 6mw太阳能光伏电站并入中压配电网的动态影响分析
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230508
Abbas F.G. Mohmmedali, M. Hamouda, Ghaitaoui Touhami
In this paper, the impact of integrating a 6MW solar PV plant installed in Zaouiet Kounta (Wilaya Adrar), in southwest Algeria into a medium voltage network during transient conditions is analyzed. This network is fed by two sources, either a grid source or a conventional power plant if a grid source is not available. Three different transient circumstances are considered in this analysis. The impact on voltage and frequency at the network’s main busbar as well as generator rotor angle is investigated. The analysis is carried out on the network by using ETAP software. The analysis results showed that the integration of this PV plant has an adverse effect on network performance during transient conditions when a Conventional power plant is used to feed network. Moreover, it has a slight effect on main busbar voltage when a grid source is used to feed network.
本文分析了安装在阿尔及利亚西南部Zaouiet Kounta (Wilaya Adrar)的6MW太阳能光伏电站在暂态状态下并入中压电网的影响。该网络由两个源供电,要么是电网源,要么是传统发电厂(如果电网源不可用)。在这个分析中考虑了三种不同的瞬态情况。研究了对电网主母线电压、频率以及发电机转子角度的影响。利用ETAP软件在网络上进行分析。分析结果表明,该光伏电站的并网对传统电站并网时的暂态性能有不利影响。此外,当电网电源馈电时,它对母线电压的影响很小。
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引用次数: 1
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European Journal of Electrical Engineering
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