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Performance Analysis of the Distance Relay Characteristics in a Compensated Transmission Line 补偿传输线中距离继电器特性的性能分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230304
M. Al-Momani, A. Hatmi, Seba F. Al-Gharaibeh
Received: 2 November 2020 Accepted: 18 April 2021 The present work investigates the effect of the FACTS devices on distance relay operation. FACTS devices have different advantages in power system performance, stability, and load ability. In this paper, FACTS technologies' effect on the distance protective relay is presented using the measured impedance between the fault location and the relaying point. Different factors and parameters are changed to see their impacts on the studied system. It is shown that the measured impedance is affected by the presence of the FACTS devices depending on its type (series, parallel, and hybrid), fault location, and the operation point of the FACTS device. The analyses present that the shunt FACTS devices' effect may cause overreach problem to the relay; however, series FACTS devices may cause under reach problems in distance characteristics. MATLAB 2019b does the simulation test; the results of the simulation proved the mathematical analysis. The numerical analysis in this paper may be used for researchers in fault analysis and protection coordinators.
本文研究了FACTS装置对距离继电器运行的影响。FACTS设备在电力系统性能、稳定性和负载能力方面具有不同的优势。本文通过测量故障点与继电点之间的阻抗,阐述了FACTS技术对距离保护继电器的影响。改变不同的因素和参数,观察它们对研究系统的影响。结果表明,事实器件的存在对测量阻抗的影响取决于其类型(串联、并联和混合)、故障位置和事实器件的工作点。分析认为,并联FACTS器件的作用可能会引起继电器的过伸问题;然而,系列FACTS器件在距离特性方面可能会导致达不到的问题。用MATLAB 2019b进行仿真测试;仿真结果验证了数学分析的正确性。本文的数值分析可以为故障分析和保护协调的研究人员提供参考。
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引用次数: 4
Battery Charger Utilizing Coupled Inductor Based High Gain Bidirectional DC-DC Converter: Analysis, Design, and Implementation 基于耦合电感的高增益双向DC-DC转换器的电池充电器:分析、设计与实现
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230302
Mahamdasraf A. Mulla, Vishal J. Dobariya, R. V. Vamja, Arindam Sircar
The bidirectional dc-dc converter with high voltage gain and high efficiency plays an important role in the designing of battery charging systems. In this paper, design and development of a battery charging system utilizing coupled inductor based high gain dc-dc converter is presented. The converter uses a clamp capacitor network to recover the leakage energy of a coupled inductor. The converter has inherent soft-switching capability during turn ON, which ensures high efficiency at high switching frequency. Design equations to derive value of different passive components are given and a step-wise exclusive design to construct coupled inductor is presented. A 50 kHz, 500 W laboratory prototype has been designed, which can increase the voltage with 10 gain (boost operation) in one direction and can reduce the voltage at (1/10) gain (buck operation) in other direction. The CCCV battery charging algorithm is implemented using generic ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller. Extensive experiments have been performed and the experimental results are presented in buck, boost, and battery charging operations.
具有高电压增益和高效率的双向dc-dc变换器在电池充电系统设计中起着重要的作用。本文介绍了一种基于耦合电感的高增益dc-dc变换器的电池充电系统的设计与开发。该变换器采用钳位电容网络来恢复耦合电感的泄漏能量。该变换器具有固有的导通软开关能力,保证了在高开关频率下的高效率。给出了推导不同无源分量值的设计方程,并提出了一种逐级排他设计耦合电感器的方法。设计了一个50 kHz, 500 W的实验室样机,它可以在一个方向上以10倍增益(升压工作)增加电压,在另一个方向上以(1/10)增益(降压工作)降低电压。CCCV电池充电算法采用ARM Cortex-M4通用微控制器实现。进行了大量的实验,并在降压、升压和电池充电操作中给出了实验结果。
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引用次数: 1
Design and Analysis of the STATCOM Based on Diode Clamped Multilevel Converter Using Model Predictive Current Control Strategy 基于模型预测电流控制策略的二极管箝位多电平变换器的STATCOM设计与分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230306
R. Hassan, S. S. Shyaa
In recent decades, multi-level converters have become popular and used in many power systems applications. Compared with conventional converters, multi-level converters contribute to reducing the voltage stress on the switching devices and enhancing the power quality delivered to the load. In this paper, the study of the five-level diode clamped multilevel converter based static synchronous compensator has been accomplished. Model Predictive current control strategy which a type of modern control algorithms was employed for driving the proposed compensator. The suggested five level converter controlled by model predictive current control is firstly examined to verify that this control algorithm is appropriate for achieving the desired performance. Then the proposed converter and control combination is employed and simulated as a static synchronous compensator in distributed power system. Moreover, in order to examine the robustness of this compensator, the load status is suggested to be heavy inductive. Simulation process has been performed using MATLAB – SIMULINK software package. The results show that the implemented configuration (converter and control algorithm) provides high power quality improvement with adequate reactive power compensation.
近几十年来,多电平变换器已成为流行,并在许多电力系统的应用。与传统变换器相比,多级变换器有助于减少开关器件上的电压应力,提高传递给负载的电能质量。本文对基于五电平二极管箝位多电平变换器的静态同步补偿器进行了研究。模型采用一种现代控制算法的预测电流控制策略驱动所提出的补偿器。首先对模型预测电流控制控制的五电平变换器进行了检验,验证了该控制算法能够达到预期的性能。然后将所提出的变换器和控制器组合作为分布式电力系统的静态同步补偿器进行了仿真。此外,为了检验该补偿器的鲁棒性,建议将负载状态设置为重电感状态。仿真过程采用MATLAB - SIMULINK软件包进行。结果表明,所实现的配置(变换器和控制算法)在充分的无功补偿的情况下提供了较高的电能质量改善。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of a Hybrid ANN-Based Filter for the Reduction of Harmonic Currents 基于混合神经网络的谐波电流抑制滤波器的实现
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230311
José Abel Obando, V. Serrano
Harmonic distortions caused by non-linear loads (NLLs) affect the behavior of electrical systems, creating harmonics in the fundamental signal. As a result, this deteriorates the power quality. Therefore, this work proposes the implementation of a hybrid filter based on an artificial neural network (ANN) control system, focused on subharmonic, interharmonic and odd harmonic distortions generated by a three-pulse cycloconverter. In addition, a passive double tuned filter was implemented to damp even and odd harmonics. As a result, the simulation performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK showed that the responses produced by the ANN are approximate to the distortions present in the electrical system. Consequently, the levels of total voltage distortions (THDV) and total current distortions (THDI) are reduced. Therefore, the ANN control system improves the quality in the electrical network because the current and voltage harmonics comply with the electrical standards.
非线性负载引起的谐波失真会影响电力系统的行为,在基波信号中产生谐波。因此,这会降低电能质量。因此,本工作提出了一种基于人工神经网络(ANN)控制系统的混合滤波器的实现,重点关注由三脉冲环变换器产生的次谐波、间谐波和奇谐波畸变。此外,采用无源双调谐滤波器抑制奇偶谐波。结果,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中进行的仿真表明,人工神经网络产生的响应近似于电气系统中存在的失真。因此,总电压畸变(THDV)和总电流畸变(THDI)的水平降低。因此,人工神经网络控制系统由于电流和电压谐波符合电气标准,提高了电网的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution of Multilevel Inverters in Improving Electrical Energy Quality: Study and Analysis 多电平逆变器对提高电能质量的贡献:研究与分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230310
Saliha Rezini, Z. Azzouz
The work proposed in this paper concerns the study of harmonic pollution generated by static converters, particularly inverters, which largely contributes to the degradation of the supplied electrical energy quality. So, we studied in first the EMC of the conventional two-level inverter to highlight the harmful pollution of this kind of converter. We then looked at multi-level inverters to characterize their degree of pollution according to their number of levels in order to propose practical solutions for industrial applications. Thus, we considered three structures of multi-level inverters namely: a diode clamped inverter, a flying capacitor clamped inverter and a cascaded h-bridge inverter. At the end of this study, we retain that these three structures make it possible to obtain a waveform of the output voltage close to the sinusoidal form. The results of simulation obtained and compared to the STD international standard templates, also allowed us to conclude that among the three structures studied the cascaded h-bridge inverter is the most interesting from the electrical energy quality point of view. In addition, this converter has the advantage of owning a reduced number of switches which results in a weight and a cost, better than those of the other two studied inverters.
本文提出的工作涉及静态变流器,特别是逆变器产生的谐波污染的研究,这在很大程度上导致了供电电能质量的下降。因此,本文首先对传统双电平逆变器的电磁兼容性进行了研究,以突出这类逆变器的有害污染。然后,我们研究了多级逆变器,根据它们的水平数量来表征它们的污染程度,以便为工业应用提出实际的解决方案。因此,我们考虑了三种多级逆变器结构,即二极管箝位逆变器、飞电容箝位逆变器和级联h桥逆变器。在本研究结束时,我们认为这三种结构使获得接近正弦形式的输出电压波形成为可能。仿真得到的结果与STD国际标准模板进行了比较,也使我们得出结论,在所研究的三种结构中,从电能质量的角度来看,级联h桥逆变器是最有趣的。此外,该转换器的优点是拥有较少的开关数量,从而降低了重量和成本,优于其他两种研究的逆变器。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental Measurement of Conducted Emissions Generated by Static Converters in Common and Differential Modes 静态变流器在共模和差分模式下传导辐射的实验测量
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230312
H. Slimani, A. Zeghoudi, A. Bendaoud, A. Reguig, B. Benazza, Nassireddine Benhadda
The commutation of semiconductors and their interactions with parasitic elements linked to the environment is known to be the main source of interferences conducted in power electronic converters. Thus, identifying these sources of interferences in commutation cells and determining the level of these conducted emissions generated in energy conversion systems presents a major challenge for designers. In this work, a study of the electromagnetic interferences (EMI) generated by the association of serial rectifier-chopper connected to a Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) is proposed, in which a determination of these interferences is presented in both common and differential modes. All simulations are carried out using the LT-spice software and the results obtained are validated by experimental measurements realized at APELEC laboratory (University of Sidi Bel-Abbes, Algeria).
半导体的整流及其与寄生元件的相互作用是电力电子变换器中干扰的主要来源。因此,识别换向电池中的这些干扰源,并确定能量转换系统中产生的这些传导辐射的水平,对设计者来说是一个主要的挑战。在这项工作中,提出了一项由连接到线路阻抗稳定网络(LISN)的串行整流斩波器关联产生的电磁干扰(EMI)的研究,其中这些干扰的确定是在共同和差分模式下提出的。所有模拟均使用LT-spice软件进行,并通过APELEC实验室(阿尔及利亚Sidi Bel-Abbes大学)实现的实验测量验证了所获得的结果。
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引用次数: 13
Analytical Modeling of Line-Tunneling TFETs Based on Low-Bandgap Semiconductors 基于低带隙半导体的线隧tfet的解析建模
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230309
Bahareh Safari, S. E. Hosseini
The combination of two techniques: low-bandgap semiconductor and line-tunneling structure is an effective way to achieve the highest on-current in TFETs. In this paper, design of low-bandgap line-tunneling TEFT and its analytical modeling of drain current equation is proposed. The previously suggested drain current equation for the low-bandgap line-tunneling TEFT has been explained in a relatively complex form based on the minimum tunnel path that is an effective factor in determining band-to-band tunneling (BTBT). It has been simplified in this paper and reformulated based on gate-to-source voltage. Important design factors such as source doping concentration, material and thickness of the gate-insulator were examined by simulation and numerical calculations based on the minimum tunnel path for two low-bandgap In0.88Ga0.12As and relatively high-bandgap GaSb semiconductors. The comparison of the results obtained from simulations with the proposed analytical drain current model show a good agreement. Drain doping concentration, is an effective factor on the off-state current of low-bandgap TFET. This factor was examined in order to reduce the off-current.
低带隙半导体和线隧结构两种技术的结合是实现tfet最高导通电流的有效途径。本文提出了低带隙线隧穿TEFT的设计及其漏极电流方程的解析建模方法。先前提出的低带隙线隧穿TEFT的漏极电流方程已经以一种相对复杂的形式解释了基于最小隧道路径的漏极电流方程,而最小隧道路径是决定带到带隧穿(BTBT)的有效因素。本文对其进行了简化,并根据栅源电压进行了重新表述。基于两种低带隙In0.88Ga0.12As和高带隙GaSb半导体的最小隧道路径,通过模拟和数值计算考察了源掺杂浓度、材料和栅极绝缘子厚度等重要设计因素。仿真结果与所提出的漏极电流解析模型的结果吻合较好。漏极掺杂浓度是影响低带隙晶体管断态电流的重要因素。对该因素进行了研究,以减少断流。
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引用次数: 0
Evolutionary Metaheuristic Methods Applied to Minimize the THD in Inverters: A Systematic Review 用于最小化逆变器THD的进化元启发式方法:系统综述
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230308
Oscar Sánchez-Vargas, S. D. León-Aldaco, Jesus Aguayo-Alquicira, Adolfo R. Lopez-Nuñez
In recent research works, metaheuristic methods have been widely used to minimize THD in inverters, these methods provide better computation time and effective results compared to classical methods. This paper presents a systematic analysis with a comprehensive coverage of metaheuristic methods applied to multilevel inverters. The search focused on the characteristics of the inverters used in the articles (topologies, levels, loads and evolutionary method). The aim is to show which are the characteristics of the most used case studies for the application of evolutionary metaheuristic methods. The IEEEXplorer, ScienceDirect, IET Digital Library, Springer and WorldWideScience databases have been used for the review since 2010. The results of the review show that many researchers use evolutionary algorithms, with Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter topology, RL loading and 7 levels. This highlights which features of the case studies are the most used and analysed to explore the advantages of using evolutionary metaheuristic methods.
在最近的研究工作中,元启发式方法被广泛用于最小化逆变器的THD,与传统方法相比,这些方法具有更好的计算时间和有效的结果。本文对应用于多电平逆变器的元启发式方法进行了系统的分析。搜索的重点是文章中使用的逆变器的特征(拓扑,电平,负载和进化方法)。目的是展示哪些是最常用的应用进化元启发式方法的案例研究的特点。自2010年以来,IEEEXplorer、ScienceDirect、IET Digital Library、Springer和WorldWideScience数据库一直用于审查。综述结果表明,许多研究人员使用进化算法,采用级联h桥多电平逆变器拓扑,RL负载和7电平。这突出了案例研究中最常用和分析的特征,以探索使用进化元启发式方法的优势。
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引用次数: 4
Comparative Study Between Integrator Backstepping and Fuzzy Logic Control Applied to an Electric Powered Wheelchair 积分器反演与模糊逻辑控制在电动轮椅上的比较研究
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230301
Mecifi Mohammed, Boumédiène Abdelmadjid, Boubekeur Djamila
The aim of this paper is the control of electric powered wheelchairs (EPW) which was made for people suffering of temporary or permanent disabilities due to illnesses or accidents. The EPW is powered by two Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) that are characterized by high efficiency, high torque, low noise and robustness; hence the dynamic model of the both EPW-motors is presented in the first. After that, a comparative study is made between two nonlinear command theory; Integrator Backstepping based on the second method of Lyapunov which combine the choice of the energy function with the laws control, and, fuzzy logic introduced to approach human reasoning with the help of an adequate representation of knowledge. To evaluate the performance of the two controls, numerical simulations are presented to show the evolution of electrical and mechanical quantities, the energy consumed and the squared error of the displacement and velocity. However, the reference trajectory used is that generated by the fifth-degree polynomial interpolation, which ensures a regular trajectory that is continuous in positions, velocities and accelerations.
本文的目的是控制电动轮椅(EPW)是为人们遭受暂时或永久性残疾,由于疾病或事故。EPW由两台永磁同步电机(PMSM)驱动,具有高效率、高转矩、低噪声和鲁棒性等特点;因此,本文首先建立了两种epw电机的动力学模型。然后,对两种非线性命令理论进行了比较研究;基于Lyapunov第二种方法的积分器反演,该方法将能量函数的选择与规律控制相结合,并在知识的充分表示的帮助下引入模糊逻辑来接近人类推理。为了评估这两种控制的性能,通过数值模拟显示了电学和力学量的变化、消耗的能量以及位移和速度的平方误差。然而,所使用的参考轨迹是由五次多项式插值生成的,它确保了位置、速度和加速度连续的规则轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Power Quality Problems, Signature Method for Voltage Dips and Swells Detection, Classification and Characterization 电能质量问题,电压下降和膨胀检测的特征方法,分类和表征
Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.18280/ejee.230303
Lucien Duclos Ndoumbe, S. Eke, Charles Hubert Kom, A. Yeremou, Arnaud Nanfak, Gildas Martial Ngaleu
Received: 9 September 2020 Accepted: 13 May 2021 This paper is in the field of electric power quality monitoring and presents a new approach for the identification, classification and characterization of the nine voltage dips and swells in electricity networks. The proposed method is based on the study in the complex plane of the signatures of the different voltage dips and swells. In the study of these signatures, the elements taken into account are the root mean square (RMS) values of the phases, the existence or not of an additional phase shift of the voltages and their rotation sense. The informations obtained are synthesized in three variables, and used to the implementation of the method. The results found by the computer simulations carried out by the MATLAB/Simulink software show that the proposed approach uses few parameters, is easy to implement and understand, and makes it possible to efficiently detect, classify and characterize the nine voltage dips and swells.
本文属于电能质量监测领域,提出了一种新的方法来识别、分类和表征电网中的9种电压降和电压膨胀。本文提出的方法是基于对不同电压跌落和膨胀特征的复平面的研究。在这些特征的研究中,考虑的因素是相位的均方根(RMS)值,电压是否存在额外的相移及其旋转感。将得到的信息合成为三个变量,并用于该方法的实现。利用MATLAB/Simulink软件进行的计算机仿真结果表明,该方法使用的参数少,易于实现和理解,能够有效地检测、分类和表征9种电压起伏。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
European Journal of Electrical Engineering
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