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Connection between basic values and emigration attitudes of Russian youth 基本价值观与俄罗斯青年移民态度的关系
Zh. Zh. Romasheva, O. Kalinichenko, I. Malyshev
The ambiguity and inconsistency of the data on the connection between emigration attitudes and metavalues spurs the research on the relation between emigration attitudes and basic values. Hence, the problem of studying the deterministic character of youth attitudes to emigration is seen as of relevance. The purpose of this research is to determine the nature of the connection between basic values and emigration attitudes. Hypotheses: 1. The basic values that make up metavalues act as the predictors of emigration attitudes. 2. The basic values constituting the contrastive metavalues of Preservation and Openness to Change are simultaneously connected with emigration attitudes, and the nature of their connections is different. 3. The basic values constituting the metavalue of Self-Affirmation have a positive correlation with emigration attitudes. The study is carried out on a sample of respondents (N = 646) aged 17 to 35, including 78% (504) of women. The research applies the “Scales of Migration Attitudes” (S. A. Kuznetsova, I. Yu. Kuznetsov, A. V. Feshchenko) modified to study emigration attitudes. The study also uses PVQ-21–ESS7 versions of the questionnaire measuring individual values (Sh. Schwartz) which enables to document the degree of expression of values. Finally, the research makes use of the method of multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the attitude of the subject is the most pronounced one among all other components of emigration attitudes (the attitude of the loved ones, the expectations of the loved ones). Basic values have a major impact on the revealed connections between emigration attitudes and metavalues. For example, the values of tradition and security have a negative correlation with the metavalue of Preservation. The values of stimulation have a positive correlation with the metavalue of Openness to Change. The values of power have a positive correlation with the metavalue of Self-Affirmation. Evidently, young adults are more likely to plan to emigrate due to their personal attitudes and motives rather than to those of their close environment. Attitudes towards emigration are expressed by those young adults who: 1) are less focused on traditions and customs but appreciate security; 2) strive to enrich their lives with new sensations and emotions; 3) appreciate material well-being. The results of the study reveal the factors contributing to the emergence of attitudes to emigration in young adults. The results of the study can be used to predict international mobility of young adults. Additionally, they are of importance for the psychological work with potential emigrants.
关于移民态度与元价值观关系的数据的模糊性和不一致性,激发了对移民态度与基本价值观关系的研究。因此,研究青年对移民态度的决定性特征的问题被认为是相关的。本研究的目的是确定基本价值观与移民态度之间联系的性质。假设:1。构成元价值观的基本价值观是移民态度的预测因素。2. 构成“保留”和“变革开放”两种对比元价值的基本价值观同时与移民态度相联系,但其联系的性质不同。3.构成自我肯定元价值的基本价值观与移民态度呈正相关。该研究是在17至35岁的受访者样本(N = 646)中进行的,其中78%(504)是女性。本研究采用库兹涅佐娃、余一等人的“移民态度量表”。库兹涅佐夫(A. V. Feshchenko)修正研究移民态度。该研究还使用PVQ-21-ESS7版本的问卷测量个人价值(Sh. Schwartz),这可以记录价值的表达程度。最后,运用多元线性回归分析的方法进行研究。结果表明,在移民态度的所有其他组成部分(亲人的态度,亲人的期望)中,主体的态度是最明显的一个。基本价值观对揭示的移民态度和元价值观之间的联系有重大影响。例如,传统和安全的价值与保存的元值呈负相关。刺激值与变化开放性元值呈正相关。权力值与自我肯定元值呈正相关。显然,年轻人计划移民更多的是出于他们个人的态度和动机,而不是他们所处的亲密环境。年轻人对移民的态度是:1)不太关注传统和习俗,但重视安全;2)努力用新的感觉和情感丰富自己的生活;3)欣赏物质享受。研究结果揭示了导致年轻人移民态度形成的因素。研究结果可用于预测年轻人的国际流动性。此外,它们对潜在移民的心理工作也很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Psychological factors of parental burnout of fathers and mothers 父母倦怠的心理因素分析
T. Fadeeva
The study of parental burnout of fathers as well as mothers is relevant, since it may be the source of family trouble in general. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors of parental burnout of fathers and mothers. It is assumed that there are multidirectional correlations between the intensity of parental burnout components and parental sets, the attitude of spouses to the family role, and the consistency of the family functions of fathers and mothers. The study was carried out on a sample of parents of full families in Saratov, raising biological children (N = 61, 40 women (aged M = 32), 21 men (M = 33.9)). The applied methods include the questionnaires "Parental Burnout" (I. N. Efimova); "Role Expectations and Claims in Marriage" (N. A. Volkova), "Parental Attitude Research Instrument " (E. S. Schaefer and R. K. Bell, adapted by T. V. Nescheret and T. V. Arkhireeva), the questionnaire on marital satisfaction (V. V. Stolin, T. L. Romanova, G. P. Butenko). The largest number of correlations between the parameters of parental burnout and parental sets, the attitude of spouses to the family role and family functions have been revealed in the sample of mothers. It has been found out that in both samples the level of "emotional exhaustion" is interrelated with the parental predisposition to excessive strictness towards the child. However, the emotional exhaustion of mothers is more mediated by their dependence on the family and low self-assessment as a parent, whereas fathers’ burnout is due to the focus on the child and the desire to accelerate their development. The level of "depersonalization" in the sample of mothers correlates with the level of their concentration on the child, the consistency of family functions ("emotional and psychotherapeutic", "social activity", "physical attractiveness of the partner"), and marital satisfaction. In the sample of fathers, it correlates with the scales related to the sphere of marital relations (physical attractiveness of the partner, the degree of the father’s involvement in family affairs and marital satisfaction). The degree of the "parental achievements reduction" in the sample of mothers is associated with the balance of "intimacyseparateness" or its lack in the family system; in the sample of fathers it is connected with the availability or lack of verbal contact with the child and the father's acceptance of the child’s natural development. The applied aspect of the problem under study consists of the possibility of using the results in the practice of advisory services.
对父亲和母亲的父母倦怠的研究是相关的,因为它可能是一般家庭问题的根源。本研究的目的在于找出影响父母职业倦怠的因素。研究认为,父母倦怠各成分的强度与父母组、配偶对家庭角色的态度、父母与母亲的家庭功能一致性存在多向相关。该研究以萨拉托夫抚养亲生子女的完整家庭父母为样本(N = 61, 40名女性(年龄M = 32), 21名男性(M = 33.9))。应用的方法包括“父母倦怠”问卷(I. N. Efimova);《婚姻中的角色期望和要求》(N. A. Volkova),《父母态度研究工具》(E. S. Schaefer和R. K. Bell, T. V. Nescheret和T. V. Arkhireeva改编),婚姻满意度调查问卷(V. V. Stolin, T. L. Romanova, G. P. Butenko)。父母职业倦怠参数与父母设置、配偶对家庭角色的态度和家庭功能之间的相关性在母亲样本中得到了最大的揭示。研究发现,在这两个样本中,“情绪耗竭”的水平与父母对孩子过于严格的倾向有关。然而,母亲对家庭的依赖和作为父母的低自我评价更多地介导了情绪耗竭,而父亲的情绪耗竭则是由于对孩子的关注和加速孩子发展的愿望。母亲样本中的“去人格化”程度与她们对孩子的关注程度、家庭功能的一致性(“情感和心理治疗”、“社会活动”、“伴侣的身体吸引力”)和婚姻满意度有关。在父亲样本中,它与与婚姻关系领域相关的尺度(伴侣的身体吸引力,父亲参与家庭事务的程度和婚姻满意度)相关。母亲样本中“父母成就减少”的程度与家庭系统中“亲密与分离”的平衡或缺乏程度有关;在父亲的样本中,这与是否有机会与孩子进行语言接触以及父亲是否接受孩子的自然发展有关。正在研究的问题的应用方面包括在咨询服务的实践中使用结果的可能性。
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引用次数: 1
The internal structure of the ways of performing learning actions and the stages of students’ personal agency development 学习行为方式的内部结构与学生个人能动性发展的阶段
A. Kaptsov, Igor B. Akimov, E. Nekrasova
The topical problem of pedagogical psychology is to identify the conditions and factors of students’ personal agency development. One of the ways to solve the problem is to build adequate mathematical models. The purpose of the study is to justify the use of multimediator analysis in modelling a fractal psychological and pedagogical system so as to describe the ways and stages of students’ agency development in the course of the study. It is hypothesized that ways of performing learning actions are considered as elements of the stages of learners’ personal agency formation. And in this function they play a twofold role: they act both as predictors of the agency development stages and mediators that determine the interconnection between the ways and stages of the personal agency development. The test of the multimediator analysis was carried out in three groups of 2nd–4th-year university students, studying full-time (57 people; average age 20.6 years, Sd = 2.4 years; all females) and two groups of second-year students of college (40 people, 39 of them are boys, aged 17.5, Sd = 0.71). The practical application of the research results makes it possible to identify both the internal structure of the ways of performing learning activities and the stages of students’ personal agency development. The prospects of using multimediator analysis with the help of modern statistical packages are shown.
识别学生个人能动性发展的条件和因素是教育心理学的热点问题。解决这个问题的方法之一是建立适当的数学模型。本研究的目的是证明使用多中介分析来模拟分形的心理和教学系统,以描述学生在研究过程中的代理发展的方式和阶段。假设学习行为的执行方式被认为是学习者个人代理形成阶段的要素。在这个功能中,他们扮演着双重角色:他们既是代理发展阶段的预测者,又是决定个人代理发展方式和阶段之间相互联系的调解者。多因素分析的检验在三组全日制大学二、四年级学生中进行(57人;平均年龄20.6岁,Sd = 2.4岁;女性)和两组大学二年级学生(40人,男生39人,年龄17.5岁,Sd = 0.71)。通过对研究结果的实际应用,可以识别学习活动方式的内部结构和学生个人能动性发展的阶段。展望了在现代统计软件包的帮助下使用多中介分析的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Professional development training of cadets at military universities 军事院校学员职业发展培训
Alexey A. Pichkurov
The research appears to be of relevance due to the ongoing modernization of the system of military training. One of its directions is to establish the compatibility of personal and professional qualities of cadets with the model of a modern military specialist. The aim of the research is to carry out a qualitative analysis of the requirements imposed on the modern military by society and the state in order to reveal the essence of the professional development training of cadets. The study hypothesizes that the collective and co-operational nature of professional development training implemented on the basis of a culturological approach to education creates optimal conditions for the professional and personal growth of cadets in the process of their introduction to military culture. The difference between professional training and military training is analyzed. The culturological approach to cadet professional development training is justified as the methodological basis of professional development training. The author proposes an axiological interpretation of the process of professional development training within the framework of the culturological approach. The main aspects of professional development training are briefly described: intellectual, moral, physical, labor. The key principles of professional development training based on the culturological approach are identified: purposefulness, consistency, continuity, professional orientation, patriotic orientation, humanism, and collectivism. The article emphasizes the collective and co-operational nature (polysubjectivity) of professional development training. The author suggests the definition of the “subject of professional development training”. The subjects of professional development training are cadets, officers, teachers, and university cultural organizations. Apparently, the structure of professional development training (its organizational, content and procedural aspects) varies depending on the subject of professional development training. The article concludes that introduction of practices of psychological and pedagogical support of the prospective military into their professional development training can be seen as the way to modernize the system of professional development training at military universities.
由于军事训练制度的不断现代化,这项研究似乎具有相关性。其方向之一是建立学员的个人素质和职业素质与现代军事专家模式的相容性。研究的目的是对社会和国家对现代军队的要求进行定性分析,以揭示军校学员专业发展培训的本质。本研究假设,在文化教育方法的基础上实施的专业发展训练的集体和合作性质,为学员在军事文化的引入过程中创造了最佳的专业和个人成长条件。分析了专业训练与军事训练的区别。学员专业发展培训的文化方法是专业发展培训的方法论基础。作者在文化视角的框架下对职业发展培训过程进行价值论解释。简述了专业发展培训的主要方面:智力、道德、体力、劳动。确定了基于文化方法的专业发展培训的关键原则:目的性、一致性、连续性、专业导向、爱国导向、人本主义和集体主义。文章强调了专业发展培训的集体性和合作性(多主体性)。建议对“专业发展培训主体”进行界定。专业发展培训的对象是学员、军官、教师和大学文化组织。显然,专业发展培训的结构(其组织、内容和程序方面)因专业发展培训的主题而异。文章认为,将心理支持和教学支持的实践引入准军人职业发展培训中,可以看作是军事院校职业发展培训体系现代化的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching personal development in the digital age 数字时代的个人发展教学
T. Romm, Mark V. Romm
The discussion about the changes in teaching is shaped by the ideas of what impact digitalization has on the development and socialization of the younger generation. These processes are closely related to personal development training. Personal development training is under ever expanding influence of digitalization, and researchers notice the gap between traditional teaching methods and work models and their poor reproducibility under such conditions. The aim of the study is twofold: to analyze how personal development training tasks are implemented in the current climate of digitalization, and to determine the major tendencies of the changes in personal development training. The methodology of the study is based on the provisions of the following theories: the theory of social education in the context of socialization (A. V. Mudrik), theories of personal development training systems (L. I. Novikova, N. L. Selivanova), and the network approach. Apparently, in the modern post-industrial digital society, a virtual community can become the space for personal development training. There emerge new subjects of personal development training (digital technologies, subcultural communities, network groups, voluntary assistants, volunteers, parents, etc.). This will “require” a change in the professional language and teacher’s professional functions. The intention to enable productive behavior of an individual to solve their own problems should remain an important component of personal development training. In order to do this, the life of an educational organization should be enriched with a variety of social practices that encourage interaction and joint productive activities; an educational organization should develop forms of self- and co-management, and introduce a variety of extracurricular activities. The search for forms of personal development training relevant to the needs of the modern teenager is being reinforced. Moreover, globalization raises the issue of how global and eternal values are compatible with the values of digital culture, i.e. the culture of the virtual augmented world. The authors note that in the current climate of the digital world, the boundaries of personal development training are constantly changing geographically, organizationally, meaningfully. As a result, the task of creating, developing and retaining the personal development training environment acquires significance not only at the content level, but also at the organizational level, including the virtual one.
关于教学变化的讨论是由数字化对年轻一代的发展和社会化的影响的想法形成的。这些过程与个人发展培训密切相关。个人发展培训受到数字化的影响越来越大,研究人员注意到传统的教学方法和工作模式在这种条件下的差距和可重复性差。本研究的目的是双重的:分析个人发展培训任务是如何在当前的数字化环境下实施的,并确定个人发展培训变化的主要趋势。本研究的方法论是基于以下理论的规定:社会化背景下的社会教育理论(A. V. Mudrik),个人发展培训系统理论(L. I. Novikova, N. L. Selivanova)和网络方法。显然,在后工业时代的现代数字社会,虚拟社区可以成为个人发展培训的空间。出现了新的个人发展培训主题(数字技术、亚文化社区、网络团体、志愿助理、志愿者、父母等)。这将“要求”教师的专业语言和专业功能发生变化。使个人的生产行为能够解决他们自己的问题的意图应该仍然是个人发展培训的一个重要组成部分。为了做到这一点,教育机构的生活应该通过各种鼓励互动和共同生产活动的社会实践来丰富;教育组织应发展自我管理和共同管理的形式,并引入丰富多彩的课外活动。正在加强寻找与现代青少年需要有关的个人发展训练形式。此外,全球化提出了全球性和永恒的价值观如何与数字文化(即虚拟增强世界的文化)的价值观兼容的问题。作者指出,在当前数字世界的气候下,个人发展培训的边界在地理上、组织上和意义上不断变化。因此,创造、发展和保持个人发展培训环境的任务不仅在内容层面,而且在组织层面(包括虚拟层面)都具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of basic values for the subjects of the educational environment as a condition of its security 重视主体的基本价值观,把教育环境作为其安全的条件
E. Gilemkhanova, Reseda M. Khusainova, Elvira H. Bashlay
The increasing complexity of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the educational environment prompts the research aimed at investigating the modern social and cultural landscape and identifying acmeological mechanisms of social and psychological aspects of the school safe climate. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the concept of "cultural traditions" proposed by D. B. Zilberman and devoted to normative and value types of attitudes to reality. The purpose of the study is to establish the correlation between the assessment of the social and psychological aspects of the school safe climate and the value and normative types of attitudes to reality. The latter are seen as the ways for the subjects of the educational process to express the attitude to the basic values. Research hypotheses: 1) Subjects of the educational environment who regard basic values as significant represent a value type; 2) The value type of the personality determines the educational environment as a safer one. The study sample includes: 1177 students aged 13 to 16 (60% of boys, 40% of girls, average age 14.9), 925 parents aged 28 to 57 (93% of females, 7% of males; average age 39.0), 136 teachers aged 23 to 74 (95% of females, 5% of males; average age 38.7) from Kazan. Research methodology: the test "Value Orientations" (by M. Rokich), the original questionnaire on the social and psychological aspects of the school safe climate (by E. N. Gilemkhanova). Evidently, the subjects of the educational environment who regard basic values as significant represent a value type as opposed to a normative type. The research shows that the value type of attitude determines the identification of the educational environment as a safer one. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained open up the possibility for interpreting D. B. Zilberman's concept in the context of acmeological determinants of social and psychological aspects of the school safe climate. The results of the study can be used to provide psychological and pedagogical support to the subjects of the educational process. Additionally, they are of importance for those implementing complex measures to organize a safe educational environment of the school.
教育环境的数量和质量特征日益复杂,促使研究旨在调查现代社会和文化景观,并确定学校安全气候的社会和心理方面的生态学机制。本研究的理论框架以D. B. Zilberman提出的“文化传统”概念为基础,致力于研究现实态度的规范性和价值类型。本研究的目的是建立学校安全气候的社会和心理方面的评估与现实态度的价值和规范类型之间的相关性。后者被看作是教育过程主体表达对基本价值观态度的方式。研究假设:1)以基本价值观为重要的教育环境主体代表了一种价值类型;2)人格的价值类型决定了教育环境的安全性。研究样本包括:1177名13 - 16岁的学生(60%的男生,40%的女生,平均年龄14.9岁),925名28 - 57岁的家长(93%的女性,7%的男性;平均年龄39.0岁),23至74岁教师136人(女性占95%,男性占5%;平均年龄38.7岁,来自喀山。研究方法:“价值取向”测试(M. Rokich),关于学校安全气候的社会和心理方面的原始问卷(E. N. Gilemkhanova)。显然,将基本价值观视为重要的教育环境主体代表了一种与规范类型相对立的价值类型。研究表明,态度的价值类型决定了教育环境对安全环境的认同。该研究的科学新颖性在于,所获得的结果为在学校安全气候的社会和心理方面的心理学决定因素的背景下解释D. B. Zilberman的概念提供了可能性。研究结果可用于为教育过程中的主体提供心理和教学支持。此外,对于那些实施复杂措施以组织学校安全教育环境的人来说,它们也很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Shamionov R. M., Bocharova E. E., Beskova T. V., Grigorieva M. V., Usova N. V., Klenova M. A., Tarasova L. E. Discriminatory Attitudes in the Modern World
A. Vagapova
Discriminatory attitudes and discrimination of individuals based on their nationality, religion, gender, age, physique, social status are a serious problem of the modern multipolar world. In the monograph of the group of authors (R. M. Shamionov, M. V. Grigorieva, E. E. Bocharova, T. V. Beskova, N. V. Usova, M. A. Klenova, L. E. Tarasova), the results of theoretical and empirical studies on phenomenology, mechanisms, determinants and types of discriminatory attitudes are presented. The latter are considered as a socio-psychological phenomenon characterized by prejudice and negative feelings towards Others and a willingness to oppress them. R. M. Shamionov and M. V. Grigorieva attempt to develop and validate a tool for assessing discriminatory attitudes and their content at the emotional level. The team of authors are hopeful that the monograph reveals the features of specific types of discriminatory attitudes in the social environment, the factors that reinforce them and the conditions under which they are eliminated. The book will be useful to students and post-graduate students, as well as specialists whose activities are connected with social relations.
基于国籍、宗教、性别、年龄、体质、社会地位的歧视态度和对个人的歧视是现代多极世界的一个严重问题。在这组作者(R. M. Shamionov, M. V. Grigorieva, E. E. Bocharova, T. V. Beskova, N. V. Usova, M. A. Klenova, L. E. Tarasova)的专著中,介绍了关于歧视态度的现象、机制、决定因素和类型的理论和实证研究结果。后者被认为是一种社会心理现象,其特征是对他人有偏见和负面情绪,并愿意压迫他人。R. M. Shamionov和M. V. Grigorieva试图开发并验证一种工具,用于在情感层面评估歧视态度及其内容。作者小组希望该专著能够揭示社会环境中特定类型的歧视态度的特点、加强这些态度的因素以及消除这些态度的条件。这本书将是有用的学生和研究生,以及专家的活动与社会关系。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of coaches’ professional motivation on characteristics of their activities 教练员职业动机对其活动特征的影响
Aleksey N. Nikolaev
The necessity to identify motivational factors of the coach’s activity components and of the dominant orientation of this activity makes the study relevant. Moreover, the relevance of the research is determined by the need to create the scientific basis for consideration and correction of the leading motives in sports coaching. The objective of the study is to identify the correlation between the motives of the coach’s professional activity and characteristics of its success. Presumably, the “bifurcation” of orientations among Russian coaches is the result of the qualitative specificity of the dominant motives. The findings of the empirical study of motivational factors which determine the qualitative side of the sports coaching are presented. The study has been carried out on the sample of coaches working at sports schools in St. Petersburg who specialize in various sports (N = 42, men aged from 23 to 67 years old). The following survey methods have been employed: “Need for Professional Activity” (by G. V. Lozova); “Motives of Professional Activity and its Success” (by A. N. Nikolaiev), “Methodology for Studying the Success of Coaches” (during the preparatory and competitive periods) (by A. N. Nikolaiev). The criteria for evaluating the results of the coaches’ work are based on the author’s original concept which determines successful realization of the coaches’ main functions in sports – those providing athletes’ personal development, education, health improvement and competition. Evidently, particular groups of coaches’ motives influence only certain characteristics of their activity, particular components of its success. The motives of activity are expressed quite vividly. The research reveals motives of “activity” affecting sports results, and the personality motives influencing the development of athletes. The coaches have either a “competition complex” or an “effective pedagogy” complex. The former includes motives aimed at the activity results, material well-being and social status, and the latter means motives directed at the activity process and communication. The results of the study authorize the selection of coaches in connection with the specifics of the sports organization. Additionally, the research results encourage to use psychological tools to correct the motivation of coaches as well as the prospective coaches.
识别教练员活动成分的动机因素和该活动的主导取向的必要性使本研究具有相关性。此外,研究的相关性取决于需要为考虑和纠正体育教练的主导动机创造科学依据。本研究的目的是确定教练员专业活动动机与其成功特征之间的相关性。可以推测,俄罗斯教练员取向的“分叉”是主导动机的定性特异性的结果。本文提出了决定体育教练定性方面的动机因素的实证研究结果。本研究的样本是在圣彼得堡的体校工作的专门从事各种运动的教练(N = 42,年龄从23岁到67岁)。采用了以下调查方法:“专业活动需求”(G. V. Lozova);“职业活动的动机及其成功”(A. N. Nikolaiev),“研究教练成功的方法”(在准备和比赛期间)(A. N. Nikolaiev)。评价教练员工作成果的标准是基于作者最初的概念,它决定了教练员在体育运动中的主要功能——为运动员提供个人发展、教育、健康改善和比赛的成功实现。显然,特定教练群体的动机只影响其活动的某些特征,影响其成功的特定组成部分。活动的动机表现得十分生动。研究揭示了“活动”动机对运动成绩的影响,以及人格动机对运动员发展的影响。教练员要么具有“竞争情结”,要么具有“有效教学法”情结。前者包括以活动结果、物质福利和社会地位为目的的动机,后者指以活动过程和交往为目的的动机。研究结果授权教练员的选择与体育组织的具体情况有关。此外,研究结果鼓励使用心理学工具来纠正教练员和准教练员的动机。
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引用次数: 0
From being “disadvantaged” to becoming the most advantaged 从“劣势”到“最优势”
Sejla Almadi
Since Merton defined the self-fulfilling prophecy in 1948, it has been adopted to several disciplines, and yet, only a small proportion of researches was built on its original complete notion accurately. Empirical papers even met challenges in proving an important part of it, notably that the initial expectation, that came true unwittingly through the behaviour of participants, had to be “false”. That crucial point is the Achilles heel of self-fulfilling prophecy researches, including its special cases, the Galatea, Golem and Pygmalion effect experiments. The research gave an overview on the self-fulfilling prophecies’ related themes in Educational Research, Psychology and Sociology: interactions/stereotypes–stigmas and performance/ achievement; and aimed to examine the (aggregate) role/potential of “disadvantaged” people (i.e. people with mental, physical, psychological problems, disadvantaged socioeconomic/ familial backgrounds) in inducing the special cases of self-fulfilling prophecy – compared to other participants’ aggregate role/potential across all formerly reviewed studies. To this end, an umbrella review method was implemented, that has been unprecedented in social science. A research evidence-based inclusion–exclusion criteria, a PRISMA 2020-based search strategy, and a two-phase quality appraisal ((1) an author-led PRISMA 2020 assessment, (2) a two-researcher 10-step protocol; results: 4.3–4.4/5) were carried out, leading to a sample of two meta-analyses. The data collection and summary were based on qualitative and quantitative findings. The results showed that the effect sizes in “disadvantaged” experiments (d between 1.38–2.20) exceeded overall effect sizes of meta-analyses (d1 = 0.81, d 2 = 1.13) and of most studies in their samples. With regard to that Merton’s “initially false conceptions” can/could be completely incorporated into the research design only when the “disadvantaged” are/were the subject of these experiments – i.e. indeed a self-fulfilling prophecy is/was measured –, the final conclusion is that the “disadvantaged” are actually “the most advantaged” people in inducing the positive cases of self-fulfilling prophecy, particularly Pygmalion effect.
自1948年默顿定义自我实现预言以来,它已被几个学科所采用,然而,只有一小部分研究准确地建立在其原始的完整概念之上。实证论文甚至在证明它的一个重要部分时遇到了挑战,特别是通过参与者的行为在不知不觉中实现的最初预期必须是“错误的”。这个关键点是自我实现预言研究的阿喀琉斯之踵,包括它的特殊案例,加拉蒂亚、格莱姆和皮格马利翁效应实验。本研究综述了自我实现预言在教育研究、心理学和社会学中的相关主题:互动/刻板印象-耻辱和表现/成就;目的是检查“弱势”人群(即有精神、身体、心理问题的人,弱势的社会经济/家庭背景的人)在诱导自我实现预言的特殊情况下的(总体)角色/潜力-与其他参与者在所有先前审查的研究中的总体角色/潜力进行比较。为此,在社会科学领域史无前例地采用了“伞形评价法”。基于研究证据的纳入-排除标准、基于PRISMA 2020的检索策略和两阶段质量评估((1)作者主导的PRISMA 2020评估,(2)两位研究者的10步方案;结果:4.3-4.4/5),导致两次荟萃分析的样本。数据的收集和总结是基于定性和定量的发现。结果显示,“弱势”实验的效应量(d在1.38-2.20之间)超过了meta分析的总体效应量(d1 = 0.81, d2 = 1.13)和大多数样本研究的效应量。关于Merton的“最初错误的概念”只有当“弱势群体”成为这些实验的对象时才能完全融入到研究设计中——即确实测量了一个自我实现的预言——最后的结论是,“弱势群体”实际上是“最有利”的人,在诱导自我实现预言的积极案例中,尤其是皮格马利翁效应。
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引用次数: 0
The organization model of socio-cultural practices of youth enrichment programs (as exemplified by a student ball) 青年充实项目的社会文化实践的组织模式(以学生舞会为例)
M. V. Ivanov
The article presents the results of the theoretical analysis of such phenomena as “socio-cultural practices”, “enrichment program”. The research determines their role in students’ personal development. The contemporary social position of a student calls for a new pedagogical approach, and therefore requires innovative or retro-innovative approaches. The author develops a socio-cultural practice of the youth enrichment program merging the ball and the role-play. Thus, the research aim is to develop an organization model of socio-cultural practices of youth enrichment programs (as exemplified by a ball) in order to enable students’ personal development. The study reveals characteristic pedagogical features of the socio-cultural practices of youth enrichment programs. Using the example of a student ball, the article shows how through the study of the history of dance and etiquette, students immerse themselves in the cultural environment, which will contribute to the development of patriotism, diligence and curiosity. Team work on concert acts contributes to the formation and strengthening of student partnership. Discussions about the nature of politeness promote kindness, empathy, honesty, and courtesy in student relationships. Students also develop non-standard thinking. Working together in the youth enrichment program, students learn to be hard-working and creative. Part of the enriching experience of this socio-cultural practice is secured in the non-standard situation that goes beyond students’ usual everyday life. The practical application of the research results makes it possible to use the proposed model to develop socio-cultural practices of youth enrichment programs aimed at students’ personal development.
文章介绍了对“社会文化实践”、“充实计划”等现象的理论分析结果。研究确定了他们在学生个人发展中的作用。学生的当代社会地位要求一种新的教学方法,因此需要创新或复古创新的方法。作者开发了一种将球与角色扮演相结合的青少年充实计划的社会文化实践。因此,本研究的目的是发展青少年丰富计划(以球为例)的社会文化实践的组织模式,以促进学生的个人发展。该研究揭示了青年充实计划的社会文化实践的特色教学特征。文章以学生舞会为例,展示了学生如何通过学习舞蹈和礼仪的历史,使自己沉浸在文化环境中,这将有助于培养爱国主义、勤奋和好奇心。音乐会的团队合作有助于建立和加强学生之间的伙伴关系。关于礼貌本质的讨论促进了学生关系中的善良、同理心、诚实和礼貌。学生还会发展非标准思维。在青年充实计划中,学生们一起学习勤奋和创造性。这种社会文化实践的部分丰富经验是在超出学生日常生活的非标准情境中获得的。研究结果的实际应用使得利用所提出的模型来开发以学生个人发展为目标的青年充实计划的社会文化实践成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Izvestiia Saratovskogo universiteta Novaia seriia Seriia Akmeologiia obrazovaniia Psikhologiia razvitiia
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