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IMPROVING THE MECHANISMS OF REGULATORY AND LEGAL REGULATION OF HOME EDUCATION IN UKRAINE 完善乌克兰家庭教育的监管机制和法律规制
Liudmyla Shabaieva
The article deals with one of the important problems of improving the mechanisms of regulatory and legal regulation of home schooling and ensuring the quality of home schooling, the implementation of the «NewUkrainian School». The legislative framework and scientific literature on defining the concepts of «home education», «normative and legal framework», and «mechanisms» have been analyzed. Acquiring education in the family (home) form is possible for persons under the age of 18, whose parents have expressed a desire to organize the educational process independently, taking into account the abilities, interests, needs, motivation, opportunities and experience of their children, to ensure their individual pace of acquiring education. The requirements that orient the teacher and parents to the use of home education, adequate level of development of modern technologies are disclosed. The features that characterize the priorities and components of educational activity that best provide home (family) education are determined. The purpose of the article is to develop the implementation of modern approaches to the problems of improving the mechanisms of normative and legal regulation of home education. The publication analyzes the problems and prospects of home schooling in Ukraine. Dissertation studies of Ukrainian and foreign scientists devoted to the development of state administration in the field of family education were analyzed, methodological and methodical approaches to the formation of strategic mechanisms of state administration in the specified area and a new approach of state policy were determined. The main direction of further research should be the disclosure of the content and nature of modern transformations of the state administration system, the introduction of information space regarding legal issue the sphere of family education (homeschooling) in our country, the outline of modern trends and prospects for thedevelopment of state management of family (home) education at the regional level. The following research methods are used in the article: the method of theoretical and practical direction.s in recent years, the dissemination of information on the identification of priority directions for reforming.
本文论述了完善家庭教育监管和法律规制机制,保证家庭教育质量的重要问题之一,即“新乌克兰学校”的实施。对界定“家庭教育”、“规范和法律框架”以及“机制”等概念的立法框架和科学文献进行了分析。18岁以下的人可以在家庭(家庭)中接受教育,他们的父母表示希望独立组织教育过程,考虑到他们孩子的能力、兴趣、需要、动机、机会和经验,以确保他们个人接受教育的速度。揭示了教师和家长使用家庭教育的要求,现代技术的充分发展水平。最能提供家庭教育的教育活动的优先次序和组成部分的特征是确定的。本文的目的是发展现代实施途径,完善家庭教育的规范性和法律规制机制。该出版物分析了乌克兰家庭教育的问题和前景。分析了乌克兰和外国科学家在家庭教育领域致力于国家管理发展的论文研究,确定了在特定领域形成国家管理战略机制的方法和方法途径以及国家政策的新途径。进一步研究的主要方向应是揭示近代国家管理体制变革的内容和性质,引入我国家庭教育领域法律问题的信息空间,勾勒近代地区家庭教育国家管理的发展趋势和前景。本文采用了以下研究方法:理论指导法和实践指导法。S近年来,传播信息,确定改革的优先方向。
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引用次数: 0
EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE IN THE TRAINING OF MEDICAL EDUCATION MANAGEMENT SPECIALISTS 欧洲培训医学教育管理专家的经验
Y. Vasylenko
The article examines the European experience in the field of training specialists in the management of medical education in Germany and Great Britain. It was determined that there is a widespread opinion in Ukrainethat in the educational sphere of health care reforms were not implemented at all or were implemented ineffectively. This was facilitated by the vision that the main efforts of the executive authorities were aimed at preventing the collapse of the existing health care system and maintaining a minimum level of social security. On the basis of the analysis of the researches of domestic scientists, it was concluded that the results of their scientific researches make it possible to deepen the understanding of the problems of training specialists in the management of medical education. At the same time, the issue of applying foreign experience of such training has not been comprehensively reflected in the field of public administration knowledge. It was found that in the conditions of European integration, reforming the medical education system is impossible without taking into account the European experience, which will contribute to the development and implementation of a national comprehensive mechanism of public management of medical education. The reviewed various master’s programs in the field of medical education management in Germany and Great Britain revealed their advantages over those available today in Ukraine. It was determined that the introduction of standards for the training of masters of state management of medical education in European countries will contribute to the improvement of the content of domestic master’s programs, while creating greater employment opportunities on the domestic and global labor market. It was found that the professional training of the management personnel of the medical education system is extremely important and relevant today in Ukraine, due to the fact that in many European countries there is a growing interest in the training of highly qualified managers in the medical education system. The main efforts of European educational programs are aimed at increasing the level of requirements for the competence characteristics of managersof medical education institutions. Ways to overcome the problems of training medical education management specialists based on the introduction of new educational programs are proposed.
本文考察了德国和英国在培养医学教育管理专家方面的欧洲经验。据确定,乌克兰普遍认为,在医疗保健教育领域根本没有实施改革或实施不力。行政当局的主要努力旨在防止现有保健制度的崩溃和维持最低水平的社会保障,这一设想促进了这一点。在对国内科研人员科研成果进行分析的基础上,认为科研成果有助于加深对医学教育管理中专家培养问题的认识。与此同时,在公共行政知识领域应用这种培训的外国经验的问题并没有得到全面反映。研究发现,在欧洲一体化的条件下,医学教育体制的改革不可能不考虑欧洲的经验,这将有助于制定和实施国家医学教育公共管理综合机制。审查了德国和英国医学教育管理领域的各种硕士课程,揭示了它们比今天在乌克兰提供的课程的优势。会议确定,在欧洲国家引入医学教育国家管理硕士培训标准将有助于改善国内硕士课程的内容,同时在国内和全球劳动力市场创造更多的就业机会。人们发现,医学教育系统管理人员的专业培训在今天的乌克兰是极其重要和相关的,因为在许多欧洲国家,人们对医学教育系统中高素质管理人员的培训越来越感兴趣。欧洲教育计划的主要努力旨在提高对医学教育机构管理人员能力特征的要求水平。提出了在引进新教育项目的基础上,克服医学教育管理专家培养问题的途径。
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引用次数: 0
THE ESSENCE OF THE DUAL FORM OF EDUCATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS 双重教育形式在现代条件下的本质
Svitlana Zhyvotova
The article focuses on the need to substantiate the essence and structure of professional training of future skilled workers according to the dual form of education. The interpretation of the main key concepts from the pointof view of domestic and foreign scientific opinion is considered: «essence», «structure», «professional competence». Based on the analysis and generalization of scientific research, it was established that professional competence isconsidered as the formation of future qualified workers according to motivational, cognitive, activity and reflexive criteria. The system model is presented in the form of four interconnected components: value-motivational, innovativecognitive, professional-active, reflective-evaluative. The model of the dual form of education in Germany is disclosed. It was determined that interaction at the individual and institutional level is considered one of the most effective tools for building the professional education system. In our opinion, a theoretical analysis of pedagogical sources of educational and methodological, psychological, pedagogical literature and scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, regulatory and legal documents has been carried out; modeling (synthesis), comparison, classification, systematization and generalization of theoretical and experimental data. Analysis of sources regarding the prerequisites and features of updating the content of vocational education, management issues of the vocational education system, relevant changes in the vocational training system of qualified workers, bringing the structure of vocational education into line with labor market demand and employers’ requirements. Attention is focused on the formation of professionally important qualities in future specialists, manifested in psychological, theoretical and practical preparation for professional activity. The main reasons and shortcomings of the modern system of professional training are determined, the directions of modernization of professional training of specialists in professional (vocational and technical) education institutions are substantiated. It was concluded that the introduction of elements of a dual form of education into the professional training of futureskilled workers is of strategic importance for the development of our country. The use of these elements will increase the attractiveness of training skilled workers; will ensure increased mobility and competitiveness of graduates of vocational and technical education institutions on the labor market; will provide an opportunity for applicants to join the most modern production technologies; will improve the level with employers.
文章重点论述了在二元教育形式下,未来技术工人职业培训的本质和结构需要具体化。从国内外科学观点的角度考虑了对主要关键概念的解释:“本质”、“结构”、“专业能力”。在对科学研究进行分析和概括的基础上,确立了职业能力是根据动机、认知、活动和反身标准形成的未来合格劳动者。该系统模型以四个相互关联的组成部分的形式呈现:价值激励、创新认知、专业主动、反思评估。揭示了德国二元教育模式。会议确定,个人和机构一级的相互作用被认为是建立专业教育制度的最有效工具之一。我们认为,对教育学和方法论、心理学、教育学文献和国内外研究者的科学著作、法规和法律文件的教学来源进行了理论分析;理论和实验数据的建模(综合)、比较、分类、系统化和一般化。从更新职业教育内容的前提和特点、职业教育体系管理问题、合格劳动者职业培训体系的相关变化、使职业教育结构符合劳动力市场需求和用人单位要求等方面进行了来源分析。关注的重点是未来专家专业重要素质的形成,表现在专业活动的心理,理论和实践准备。明确了现代专业人才培养体系存在的主要原因和不足,明确了专业(职业技术)教育机构专业人才培养现代化的方向。结论是,在期货职业培训中引入双重教育形式的要素,对我国的发展具有战略意义。这些要素的使用将增加培训技术工人的吸引力;提高职业技术教育机构毕业生在劳动力市场上的流动性和竞争力;将为申请人提供参与最现代化生产技术的机会;会提高与雇主的沟通水平。
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引用次数: 0
ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICE IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF DNIPROPETROVSK REGION: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT 第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区教育系统中心理服务的建立和发展:历史和法律方面
N. Savielieva
Decentralization in education management, empowerment of united territorial communities to influence the educational process encourage psychological professionals to significantly reconsider organizational forms, scientificand methodological support, content and directions of their work on psychological and socio-pedagogical support of all participants in the educational process. The effectiveness and efficiency of educational reforms largely depends on the effectiveness of their psychological support because it is the psychological service has the ability to determine the levels and characteristics of individual development of students and use effective tools to correct the content and directions of this development in the educational process. It is also important to understand that the Concept of the New Ukrainian School defines personally oriented education and upbringing as one of the state priorities in education, which requires the psychologization of the educational process by increasing the psychological competence of the administration, teachers, and parents. A significant role in solving this task belongs to the psychological service of the education system. In the Dnipropetrovsk region, there is a positive trend in its development. It is also important to understand that the Concept of the New Ukrainian School defines personally oriented education and upbringing as one of the state priorities in education, which requires the psychologization of the educational process by increasing the psychological competence of the administration, teachers, and parents. A significant role in solving this task belongs to the psychological service of the education system. In the Dnipropetrovsk region, there is a positive trend in its development. The article considers the peculiarities of the formation and development of psychological services in the education system of Dnipropetrovsk region. The historical and legal aspect of the formation of the structure, organization, system, basic regulations governing the activities of the psychological service in the education system of Dnipropetrovsk region is highlighted. The analysis of the historical formation of the psychological service of the education system of Dnipropetrovsk region and the characteristics of the main conceptual and methodological approaches to the idea of a holistic study of the child’s personality and patterns of its development at each stage of formation. Describing the current state of development of the regional psychological service, the author highlights a number of major trends and suggests ways to further develop and improve the psychological service of education in Dnipropetrovsk region based on understanding it as a single system that provides psychological support of the educational process. The study allowed to determine the stages of formation and prospects for the development of psychological services of educational institutionsof Dnipropetrovsk region in the current cond
下放教育管理权力,赋予统一领土社区影响教育进程的权力,鼓励心理学专业人员大力重新考虑组织形式、科学和方法支持、他们在向教育进程所有参与者提供心理和社会-教学支持方面的工作内容和方向。教育改革的有效性和效率在很大程度上取决于其心理支持的有效性,因为心理服务有能力确定学生个体发展的水平和特点,并在教育过程中使用有效的工具来纠正这种发展的内容和方向。同样重要的是要理解,新乌克兰学校的概念将以个人为导向的教育和成长定义为国家教育的优先事项之一,这需要通过提高行政部门,教师和家长的心理能力来实现教育过程的心理化。在解决这一任务中,教育系统的心理服务发挥着重要作用。在第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区,有一个积极的发展趋势。同样重要的是要理解,新乌克兰学校的概念将以个人为导向的教育和成长定义为国家教育的优先事项之一,这需要通过提高行政部门,教师和家长的心理能力来实现教育过程的心理化。在解决这一任务中,教育系统的心理服务发挥着重要作用。在第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区,有一个积极的发展趋势。本文探讨了第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区教育系统中心理服务形成和发展的特殊性。强调了第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区教育系统中心理服务活动的结构,组织,系统和基本规定的形成的历史和法律方面。分析第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区教育系统心理服务的历史形成以及主要概念和方法方法的特点,以全面研究儿童个性及其在每个形成阶段的发展模式。作者描述了区域心理服务的发展现状,强调了一些主要趋势,并提出了进一步发展和改善第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区教育心理服务的方法,将其理解为一个为教育过程提供心理支持的单一系统。该研究可以确定第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区教育机构在改革现状下心理服务的形成阶段和发展前景;强调必须发展心理服务,作为教育制度发生质变的工具。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE 婚姻状态下教育管理的特点
L. Voznyuk, Oleksandr Dobrohorskyi
The article reveals the main content of the education manager’s activities under martial law. After all, the issue of the quality of school education remains relevant even in such a difficult period that Ukraine iscurrently experiencing. It has been found that the management subsystem of the school in such conditions becomes an important factor in the full functioning of general secondary education institutions. It was determined that the quality of education in general secondary education institutions depends on the effectiveness of school management. An analysis of scientific sources was carried out, which shows that the conceptual principles of educational management are sufficiently developed in Ukraine, and the system of managing educational changes was investigated. Thus, in the works of G. V. Yelnikova, L. M. Kalinina, O. I. Kasyanova, O. I. Marmazy, T. I. Sushchenko highlighted the problems of educational management in innovative conditions. Peculiarities of management of institutions of general secondary education were reflected in the researches of N. M. Bibyk, V. I. Maslova, N. G. Protasova, A. I. Prokopenko. In their research, scientists note that modern educational management is constantly being updated, the functional composition of the manager is expanding, and new management technologies are being introduced. The peculiarities of the introduction of anti-crisis management into the management system of institutions of general secondary education are considered. The problems of anti-crisis management, which were reflected by both domestic and foreign scientists (I. Ansoff, L. G. Blyakhman, O. P. Kavtysh, O. A. Karpenko, I. I. Kolyadenko, T. M. Sorochan, I. A. Usyk). It was found that the scientists came to a conclusion about the specifics of anti-crisis management techniques and methods. The peculiarities of the introduction of anti-crisis management into the management system of institutions of general secondary education are considered. The problems of anti-crisis management, which were reflected by both domestic and foreign scientists (I. Ansoff, L. G. Blyakhman, O. P. Kavtysh, O. A. Karpenko, I. I. Kolyadenko, T. M. Sorochan, I. A. Usyk). It was found that the scientists came to a conclusion about the specifics of anti-crisis management techniques and methods. The content of such management is revealed, which is characterized by constant observation, detection and localization of problematic phenomena that occur in the educational environment of an educational institution; prevention of crisis situations; able to determine the necessary resources to stabilize the activities of the teaching staff. It was determined that the management of educational institutions under martial law requires the manager of school education to master the basics of anti-crisis management as a new strategy for managing an educational organization. It has been proven that the management of general secondary education institutions under martial law requ
本文揭示了戒严时期教育管理者活动的主要内容。毕竟,即使在乌克兰目前经历的这样一个困难时期,学校教育质量问题仍然具有相关性。研究发现,在这种情况下,学校的管理子系统成为普通中等教育机构能否充分发挥作用的重要因素。确定了普通中等教育机构的教育质量取决于学校管理的有效性。通过对科学资料的分析,发现乌克兰教育管理的概念原则是充分发展的,并对教育变革的管理制度进行了调查。因此,在G. V.叶利尼科娃、L. M.卡利尼娜、O. I.卡西亚诺娃、O. I.马马齐、T. I.苏先科的著作中,突出了创新条件下教育管理的问题。N. M. Bibyk、V. I. Maslova、N. G. Protasova、A. I. Prokopenko的研究反映了普通中等教育机构管理的特殊性。科学家在研究中注意到,现代教育管理不断更新,管理者的职能构成不断扩大,新的管理技术不断引入。分析了在普通中等教育机构管理体系中引入反危机管理的特点。国内外科学家(I. Ansoff, L. G. Blyakhman, O. P. Kavtysh, O. A. Karpenko, I. I. Kolyadenko, T. M. Sorochan, I. A. Usyk)反映的反危机管理问题。结果发现,科学家们对应对危机的技术和方法的具体内容得出了结论。分析了在普通中等教育机构管理体系中引入反危机管理的特点。国内外科学家(I. Ansoff, L. G. Blyakhman, O. P. Kavtysh, O. A. Karpenko, I. I. Kolyadenko, T. M. Sorochan, I. A. Usyk)反映的反危机管理问题。结果发现,科学家们对应对危机的技术和方法的具体内容得出了结论。揭示了这种管理的内容,其特点是不断观察、发现和定位教育机构教育环境中出现的问题现象;预防危机局势;能够确定必要的资源,以稳定教学人员的活动。作为新的教育机构经营战略,戒严时期的教育机构经营要求学校教育管理者掌握危机管理的基本知识。事实证明,戒严令下普通中等教育机构的管理需要在紧急情况下有能力的指导、有效的人员和信息政策、高质量的教育过程组织、远程工作的有利条件以及与所有社会伙伴建立伙伴关系的能力。本文确定了三种主要的反危机管理工具。其中包括:基于组织状态指标的监测和诊断,反危机策略的规划和制定,以及控制。确定了戒严条件下反危机管理的主要原则,特别是:根据危机现象的危险程度进行诊断;对危险的反应能力;管理决策的及时性、合法性;不断控制管理措施的执行情况。揭示了在困难情况下作出管理决策时必须考虑到的情景方法实施的主要领域。其中包括:对紧急情况的批判性分析,使您能够从各个方面进行评估并做出正确的管理决策;选择最能满足确保从紧急情况中脱身的要求的办法;预测可能的结果,包括积极的和消极的;确定这种情况中影响其结果的最重要因素;保证学校管理子系统的灵活性,解决亟待解决的问题;将解决特定情况的管理技术与普通中等教育机构的教育目标相协调。 界定了教育管理者激励职能的内容,包括:保证教育过程中参与者的团队合作;在人事管理中有效使用现代方法和工具,确保教育过程的质量;组织采取措施,提高教育工作者对实现国家教育标准的责任。事实证明,戒严令下普通中等教育机构的管理需要在紧急情况下有能力的指导、有效的人员和信息政策、高质量的教育过程组织、远程工作的有利条件以及与所有社会伙伴建立伙伴关系的能力。
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引用次数: 0
HISTORICAL PROCEDURES OF ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF UKRAINE (1991–2022) 乌克兰地区行政区划建立与发展的历史进程(1991-2022年)
I. Bezena
Our study analyzes the historical aspects of Ukraine’s European integration processes, new concepts of public policy and regional practices, the results of the transformation procedure: the structure, content of regionaland local authorities. In addition, the processes of influence of regional authorities on the sustainable socio-economic development of the territory and the satisfaction of human social needs are considered. It was noted that the key issues of development of state regional policy were overcoming the negative effects of authoritarian methods of governance and the first attempts to build new models of democratic foundations of administration, working out new mechanisms for effective cooperation of regional authorities, local governments, public institutions, city and village dwellers. The study considered the historical aspects of building the administrative-territorial structure which are aimed at providing critical infrastructure, socio-cultural facilities and strategies for their development and transformation into new conditions and needs of the community. The outlined regional processes took place in the context of building public administration in accordance with the ideology of the European community. The policy of democratization and decentralization became the basis of state policy, which was aimed at redistribution of power «from the center to the region», democratization of processes in the territories, the formation of responsible regional governance, restoring public confidence in government and human involvement in government and community. The new structural and functional system of the state regional administration was normatively established and implemented by the Constitution of Ukraine, which was adopted on June 28, 1996. General trends in the development of the strategy for building partnerships between government and public institutions, economic entities, which aims to build an effective, successful territory capable of overcoming the crisis of socio-economic development of the region are indicators of regional government development practices.
我们的研究分析了乌克兰欧洲一体化进程的历史方面,公共政策和区域实践的新概念,转型过程的结果:区域和地方当局的结构,内容。此外,还考虑了区域当局对领土可持续社会经济发展和满足人类社会需求的影响过程。会议指出,制定国家区域政策的关键问题是克服专制管理方法的消极影响,并初步尝试建立行政管理的民主基础的新模式,制定区域当局、地方政府、公共机构、城市和农村居民之间有效合作的新机制。这项研究考虑了建立行政-领土结构的历史方面,其目的是提供关键的基础设施、社会文化设施和发展战略,并将其转变为社区的新条件和需要。概述的区域进程是在按照欧洲共同体的意识形态建立公共行政的背景下进行的。民主化和权力下放政策成为国家政策的基础,其目标是“从中央到地区”的权力再分配,领土进程民主化,形成负责任的地区治理,恢复公众对政府的信心以及人类对政府和社区的参与。1996年6月28日通过的《乌克兰宪法》规范地确立和实施了国家地区行政管理的新结构和职能体系。制定政府与公共机构、经济实体之间建立伙伴关系战略的总体趋势,其目的是建立一个有效、成功的领土,能够克服该地区社会经济发展的危机,这是区域政府发展做法的指标。
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引用次数: 0
VECTORS OF STATE REGULATION OF COMPETENT APPROACH IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF UKRAINE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF JOINING THE EUROPE 从加入欧盟的角度看乌克兰教育体制中主管方法的国家规制向量
V. Marenichenko, Natalia Volokitina
The main idea of the competence approach is the formation of education system depending on proposed requirements of society, that is, on the expected result. The content of key competencies includes not only knowledge,but also the willingness to apply knowledge in various situations. Thus, the competence approach allows in the process of education to form a person’s readiness and ability to independently and responsibly solve professional and personal problems related to the ability to acquire and qualitatively use knowledge, applying it in real situations, to develop flexibility, mobility, which contributes to self-development and self-realization personality. Nevertheless, the reality is that in practice, the implementation of the competence approach in the education system acquires, to a greater extent, only a declarative character. In addition, there are large differences in the application of the approach in our country and the countries of the European Union. This indicates the need to find modern vectors of state regulation of the competence approach in education system of Ukraine based on European practices, taking into account our prospects for joining the European Union. The purpose of the article is to study Ukrainian and European ways of implementing the competence approach in the education system. The methodological basis of the research is the methods of logical generalization, systematic analysis and synthesis. The article examines the evolution of the concept of «competence» in education. The key ideas of the competence approach are defined, in particular, the importance of the influence on the development of competences not only of education, but also of family, friends, work, politics, religion, etc. is analyzed. It is the entire set of influencing factors that forms the system of value orientations that become the basis for formation of new competencies. The competence approach is characterized in a systematized form, based on the mission of education. The mechanisms of implementation of the competence approach in education system were studied, in particular, through measures to determine the own achievements of both teachers and students of education. The key positions of the Framework Program of Key Competences for Lifelong Learning by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union are highlighted. Based on this, the main vectors of the development of the competence approach in the European Union were formed. As a result of the conducted research, it is proposed to start work on a comprehensive state program for the development of key competencies at all levels of education, including both children’s and adult education, which should be based on the requirements of social development, the European integration vector and Ukrainian traditions.
能力观的主要思想是教育系统的形成取决于社会提出的要求,即预期的结果。关键能力的内容不仅包括知识,还包括在各种情况下应用知识的意愿。因此,能力方法允许在教育过程中形成一个人的准备和能力,独立地和负责地解决专业和个人问题,与获取和定性地使用知识的能力,并将其应用于实际情况,发展灵活性,流动性,这有助于自我发展和自我实现的个性。然而,现实情况是,在实践中,能力方法在教育系统中的实施在更大程度上只具有陈述性。此外,我国和欧盟国家在这一方法的应用上也存在很大差异。这表明需要在欧洲实践的基础上,考虑到我们加入欧洲联盟的前景,在乌克兰教育系统中找到国家监管能力方法的现代载体。本文的目的是研究乌克兰和欧洲在教育系统中实施能力取向的方法。本研究的方法论基础是逻辑概括、系统分析和综合的方法。本文考察了教育中“能力”概念的演变。界定了能力观的核心思想,特别分析了教育、家庭、朋友、工作、政治、宗教等因素对能力发展的影响的重要性。正是这些影响因素构成了价值取向体系,成为新能力形成的基础。能力观的特点是系统化的,以教育的使命为基础。研究了胜任力方法在教育系统中的实施机制,特别是通过确定教育教师和学生各自的成就的措施。强调了欧洲议会和欧盟理事会制定的终身学习关键能力框架计划的关键位置。在此基础上,形成了欧盟胜任力方法发展的主要载体。根据所进行的研究,建议开始制定一项全面的国家方案,以发展各级教育的关键能力,包括儿童和成人教育,该方案应以社会发展的要求、欧洲一体化的载体和乌克兰的传统为基础。
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引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF MARKETING STRATEGIES IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION 营销策略在学前教育中的应用
Y. Rudenko
The article is devoted to the study of the use of marketing approaches in the management of preschool education institutions. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to choose the right marketing strategy of the preschool institution, which depends on its success, competitiveness and further development. The relevance of the research is confirmed by the urgent need for the functioning of private preschool education institutions in the conditions of martial law, which will allow not to interrupt the child’s development even in adverse conditions. The purpose of the study is the application of marketing elements in the development of marketing strategies in private preschool education institutions. The publication examines the application of the basic elements of marketing in existing private preschool education institutions, as an outline for building marketing strategies of preschool education institutions in Ukraine as a whole. It was determined that education, in particular pre-school, ensures the acquisition of systematized competencies and acts as an essential factor in social development, on which the future of our country depends. As a result of the study of strategies for the development of education and the economy of Ukraine, it was found that today’s challenges regarding preschool education are the inability of the network of its institutions to cover all children of preschool age with quality and inclusive services; the need to update the content of preschool education in accordance with the needs of forming the primary social experience of children; insufficient incentives for the functioning of private preschool education institutions. It was determined that in the system of socio-economic relations in Ukraine, the field of preschool education is gradually being reformed, and marketing as a consumer-oriented methodology increasingly dominates the field of preschool services, in particular, preschool education institutions of various forms of ownership, sizes, and types of educational services operate on the market, which creates and intensifies competition between them. As a result, the article proposes to develop a marketing strategy of a private preschool educational institution in terms of the elements of the classic marketing complex, namely such strategies as product, price and promotion strategy.
本文致力于研究市场营销方法在学前教育机构管理中的应用。研究的相关性取决于幼儿园是否需要选择正确的营销策略,这关系到幼儿园的成功、竞争力和进一步发展。在戒严的条件下,私立学前教育机构迫切需要发挥作用,即使在不利的条件下,也不会中断儿童的发展,这证实了研究的相关性。本研究旨在探讨市场营销要素在民办学前教育机构营销策略制定中的应用。该出版物审查了市场营销的基本要素在现有的私立学前教育机构的应用,作为建立营销策略的大纲学前教育机构在乌克兰作为一个整体。会议确定,教育,特别是学前教育,确保获得系统化的能力,并作为我国未来所依赖的社会发展的一个基本因素。对乌克兰教育和经济发展战略进行研究后发现,目前学前教育方面的挑战是其机构网络无法向所有学龄前儿童提供优质和包容性的服务;需要根据儿童初级社会经验形成的需要更新学前教育的内容;对民办学前教育机构运作的激励措施不足。据确定,在乌克兰的社会经济关系体系中,学前教育领域正在逐步改革,市场营销作为面向消费者的方法日益主导学前教育服务领域,特别是各种所有制形式、规模和教育服务类型的学前教育机构在市场上运作,这造成并加剧了它们之间的竞争。因此,本文提出以经典营销综合体的要素,即产品策略、价格策略和促销策略为基础,制定民办学前教育机构的营销策略。
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引用次数: 0
GLOBAL EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE FORMS OF EDUCATION 远程教育发展的全球经验
M. Khytko, A. Kulyk
The article reveals the main content of the distance form of obtaining education. It was found that it involves access to the Internet, the availability of technical means, such as a computer, tablet or smartphone for theparticipants of the educational process. In addition, teachers must possess distance learning technologies, which represent a complex of educational technologies, including psychological-pedagogical and information-communication technologies. After all, the issues of the development of distance education remain relevant even in such a difficult period that Ukraine is currently experiencing. It was found that distance learning in the conditions of martial law should be aimed at students who are forced to temporarily or permanently live outside their place of residence, or even outside the state. It was determined that the idea of introducing distance learning is not new. The nearly two-century history of distance education can be divided into four periods, from mail-order learning in the late nineteenth century to today’s high-throughput computer-based learning. An analysis of scientific sources has been carried out, which shows that the conceptual foundations for the development of distance forms of education have been sufficiently developed in Ukraine. Thus, the works of domestic scientists highlight the problems of implementing the educational process in unfavorable conditions and conclude that the strategy for the distance vector in education should be supported at the state level. In their research, foreign scientists note that distance learning must be carefully planned, prepared and organized in advance. The peculiarities of the introduction of distance learning in the countries of the world in the conditions of the pandemic are considered. It was determined that higher education institutions around the world have a common goal - to provide a high level of education in extraordinary circumstances, while maintaining the highest academic standards. Distance learning in all considered institutions is widely used during unusual circumstances, develops the arsenal of technical means and the infrastructure of learning management systems, expands technical capabilities and becomes an integral part of modern education. It was concluded that on the basis of the world experience in the development of distance forms of education, it is possible to establish directions for the further development of the latest pedagogical technologies, which will remain useful even after the end of hostilities.
本文揭示了远程教育形式的主要内容。研究发现,它涉及到互联网的接入,以及教育过程参与者使用电脑、平板电脑或智能手机等技术手段的可用性。此外,教师必须拥有远程学习技术,这是一种复杂的教育技术,包括心理教学技术和信息通信技术。毕竟,即使在乌克兰目前所经历的这样一个困难时期,发展远程教育的问题仍然具有相关性。据认为,戒严条件下的远程学习应针对被迫暂时或永久生活在居住地以外,甚至在州外的学生。人们确定,引入远程学习的想法并不新鲜。近两个世纪的远程教育历史可以分为四个时期,从19世纪后期的邮购学习到今天的高吞吐量计算机学习。对科学资料进行了分析,结果表明,乌克兰发展远程教育形式的概念基础已得到充分发展。因此,国内科学家的工作突出了在不利条件下实施教育过程的问题,并得出结论,教育中的距离矢量策略应得到国家层面的支持。外国科学家在他们的研究中指出,远程学习必须事先精心计划、准备和组织。审议了在这种大流行病的情况下,世界各国采用远程学习的特点。世界各地的高等教育机构都有一个共同的目标——在特殊情况下提供高水平的教育,同时保持最高的学术标准。在所有考虑的机构中,远程学习在特殊情况下被广泛使用,发展了技术手段库和学习管理系统的基础设施,扩大了技术能力,并成为现代教育的一个组成部分。会议的结论是,根据世界在发展远程教育形式方面的经验,有可能确定进一步发展最新教学技术的方向,这些技术即使在敌对行动结束后仍将有用。
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引用次数: 0
THE GENESYS OF LEGAL AND STRUCTURAL SUPPORT OF THE STATE CULTURE MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE 乌克兰国家文化管理的法律和结构支持的成因
Olena Yashyna
The article considers sphere of cultural sphere development at the level of state management, besides, the state program of economical and social development in Ukraine, the programs of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine,the target programs in the spheres of culture during the times of the State independence. It is also mainly focused on comparative historical analysis of the cultural content and organizational and legal support of culture state management on the territory of Ukraine. The main problems of regulatory, legal and financial support for the cultural development in the conditions of transformational changes are revealed. The essence of the concepts «state administration», «sphere of culture», «culture» is highlighted. The problems of state management in the cultural sphere in the social, spiritual, humanitarian, and organizational aspects were studied, and the cultural sphere was defined as an integral component of the full­fledged development of the individual and society as a whole. Culture itself is the basis for each citizen self­identification and is remains the significant lever of state policy providing its contribution to the development of the national outlook. Modernization in the cultural sphere of Ukraine will allow to effectively form Ukrainian cultural values as an investment to the future of the State. Today, the sphere of culture is integrated into all aspects of social life, economy and politics, which specifies the urgency of the reform direction determination, requires certain shifts in the state regulation of the cultural sphere in Ukraine. Dissertation studies of Ukrainian scientists devoted to the development of state management in the sphere of culture were analyzed. Methodological and methodical approaches to the formation of strategic mechanisms of state management in the specified sphere and the reformation potential of the state’s cultural policy were determined. The main direction of further research should be the transformational reform content and nature disclosure of the state management system in the field of culture during the period of Ukrainian independence, the determination of priority directions for reforming the sphere of culture in our country, modern trends and prospects for the development of state culture management at the regional level.
本条款从国家管理层面考虑文化领域的发展,此外,乌克兰国家经济和社会发展计划,乌克兰内阁部长计划,国家独立时期文化领域的目标计划。它还主要侧重于对乌克兰境内文化内容和文化国家管理的组织和法律支持的比较历史分析。揭示了转型变革条件下文化发展的监管、法律和财政支持的主要问题。强调了“国家行政”、“文化领域”、“文化”等概念的本质。研究了国家在社会、精神、人道主义和组织方面管理文化领域的问题,并将文化领域定义为个人和整个社会全面发展的一个组成部分。文化本身是每个公民自我认同的基础,它仍然是国家政策的重要杠杆,为国民观的发展做出贡献。乌克兰文化领域的现代化将有效地形成乌克兰的文化价值,作为对国家未来的投资。今天,文化领域已融入社会生活、经济和政治的各个方面,这说明了改革方向确定的紧迫性,要求乌克兰在文化领域的国家监管方面做出一定的转变。分析了乌克兰科学家致力于文化领域国家管理发展的论文研究。确定了在特定领域形成国家管理战略机制的方法和方法,以及国家文化政策的改革潜力。进一步研究的主要方向应是乌克兰独立时期文化领域国家管理体制的转型改革内容和性质揭示,确定我国文化领域改革的优先方向,地区一级国家文化管理发展的现代趋势和前景。
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引用次数: 0
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Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series: Public Management and Administration
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