Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7947
A. Adewumi, E. O. Olafimihan, O. E. Itabiyi, N. A. Akinrinade
Biomass feedstocks have been utilized for the commercial production of a wide range of fuels and chemicals through the pyrolysis process. Broom weed is abundant but it has not been widely used in Nigeria as a means of useful fuel and chemical thereby constituting an environmental menace. This study aimed to determine the effects of selected process parameters on the product yields during the pyrolysis of broom weed in a fixed bed reactor. Broom weed was obtained at the premises of the National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. 0.1kg of a dried sample of broom weed was loaded into a steel retort, and the retort interior was rendered airtight. The retort was then placed into the furnace chamber and was pyrolysed at 300oC between 10 - 30 minutes at 5 minutes intervals. This was repeated for temperatures of 350, 400, 450, and 500 oC, and in each case, the quantities of char, bio-oil, and gas produced were determined. The average minimum values of the product yielded char, bio-oil, and gas for broom weed were 62.43 wt% at 500 ⁰C, 4.34 wt% at 300 ⁰C and 12.62 wt% at 300 ⁰C, respectively, while the maximum values were 83.37 wt% at 300 ⁰C, 8.80 wt% at 450 ⁰C and 30.96 wt% at 500 ⁰C, respectively. This study showed that pyrolysis of broom weed can serve as a renewable source of energy rather than constituting an environmental menace.
{"title":"Influence of Selected Parameters on the Product Yields of Broom Weed (Sida acuta) Pyrolysis","authors":"A. Adewumi, E. O. Olafimihan, O. E. Itabiyi, N. A. Akinrinade","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7947","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass feedstocks have been utilized for the commercial production of a wide range of fuels and chemicals through the pyrolysis process. Broom weed is abundant but it has not been widely used in Nigeria as a means of useful fuel and chemical thereby constituting an environmental menace. This study aimed to determine the effects of selected process parameters on the product yields during the pyrolysis of broom weed in a fixed bed reactor. Broom weed was obtained at the premises of the National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. 0.1kg of a dried sample of broom weed was loaded into a steel retort, and the retort interior was rendered airtight. The retort was then placed into the furnace chamber and was pyrolysed at 300oC between 10 - 30 minutes at 5 minutes intervals. This was repeated for temperatures of 350, 400, 450, and 500 oC, and in each case, the quantities of char, bio-oil, and gas produced were determined. The average minimum values of the product yielded char, bio-oil, and gas for broom weed were 62.43 wt% at 500 ⁰C, 4.34 wt% at 300 ⁰C and 12.62 wt% at 300 ⁰C, respectively, while the maximum values were 83.37 wt% at 300 ⁰C, 8.80 wt% at 450 ⁰C and 30.96 wt% at 500 ⁰C, respectively. This study showed that pyrolysis of broom weed can serve as a renewable source of energy rather than constituting an environmental menace.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121074916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7949
Farhan Aslam
This research paper explores advanced machine learning algorithms and their applications across various industries. It discusses different types of algorithms, such as classification analysis, regression, data clustering, feature engineering, association rule learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning. The paper highlights their advantages and limitations, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right algorithm for specific use cases. Additionally, challenges in applying machine learning algorithms and potential solutions are discussed. The paper also provides insights into optimizing these algorithms for specific problems and best practices for their development and deployment in software applications.
{"title":"Advancing Intelligence: Unveiling the Power of Advanced Machine Learning Algorithms for Real-World Applications","authors":"Farhan Aslam","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7949","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper explores advanced machine learning algorithms and their applications across various industries. It discusses different types of algorithms, such as classification analysis, regression, data clustering, feature engineering, association rule learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning. The paper highlights their advantages and limitations, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right algorithm for specific use cases. Additionally, challenges in applying machine learning algorithms and potential solutions are discussed. The paper also provides insights into optimizing these algorithms for specific problems and best practices for their development and deployment in software applications.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"17 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114044610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7946
K. Oluborode, O. R. Olulope, O. O. Popoola
With abundance and viability of Clay soil at Ire Ekiti and Ikere Ekiti which can be use as geopolymer source material and abundance of Palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) in south western Nigeria, this study is to evaluate effect of PKSA- an agricultural waste, as additive on compressive strength of Ire and Ikere clay geopolymer concrete. Palm kernel shell was ashed at 650°C for 2 hours at the furnance of glass technology department, federal polytechnic, Ado- ekiti. Ire and Ikere Clay was similarly procured, air dried and calcined in a furnace at 750°C for 2 hours. The Pulverized calcined clay as source material for the geopolymer with 12M of NaOH and Na2SiO3, with NaOH to Na2SiO3 at ratio 2:5. River sand and 12 mm aggregate size of granite were adopted as filler in the geopolymer concrete mix at ratio 1:2:3. PKSA in mass percentages of the Ire and Ikere Clay in order of 0, 7.5 and 15% were added to the geopolymer concrete mixes for different specimen and maturities of 7, 14 and 28 days. Compressive strength of Ire Clay geopolymer concrete with PKSA as additives at room temperature has its highest compressive strength at 7.67 N/mm2 at 28 days with 15% additive while that of Ikere Clay Geopolymer has 10 N/mm² at 28 days maturity with 15% additive.
{"title":"Evaluating Effect of Palm Kernel Shell Ash Additives on Compresive Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete of Clay from Ire Ekiti and Ikere Ekiti","authors":"K. Oluborode, O. R. Olulope, O. O. Popoola","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7946","url":null,"abstract":"With abundance and viability of Clay soil at Ire Ekiti and Ikere Ekiti which can be use as geopolymer source material and abundance of Palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) in south western Nigeria, this study is to evaluate effect of PKSA- an agricultural waste, as additive on compressive strength of Ire and Ikere clay geopolymer concrete. Palm kernel shell was ashed at 650°C for 2 hours at the furnance of glass technology department, federal polytechnic, Ado- ekiti. Ire and Ikere Clay was similarly procured, air dried and calcined in a furnace at 750°C for 2 hours. The Pulverized calcined clay as source material for the geopolymer with 12M of NaOH and Na2SiO3, with NaOH to Na2SiO3 at ratio 2:5. River sand and 12 mm aggregate size of granite were adopted as filler in the geopolymer concrete mix at ratio 1:2:3. PKSA in mass percentages of the Ire and Ikere Clay in order of 0, 7.5 and 15% were added to the geopolymer concrete mixes for different specimen and maturities of 7, 14 and 28 days. Compressive strength of Ire Clay geopolymer concrete with PKSA as additives at room temperature has its highest compressive strength at 7.67 N/mm2 at 28 days with 15% additive while that of Ikere Clay Geopolymer has 10 N/mm² at 28 days maturity with 15% additive.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133974628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7945
J. N. Akaaza, M. Baka, G. B. Nyior, D. Gundu, A. Ashwe
The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl by leaves extracts of Commelina benghalensis L was investigated using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques at room (30 and elevated temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70. The results of weight loss technique showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in extract concentration and exposure time but decreased with rise in temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency obtained was 81.71 % at 0.5 g/L concentration of leaves extracts. Corrosion rates decreased with increased concentration of extracts but increased with increase in temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization method results indicated that Commelina benghalensis L is a mixed - type inhibitor as it modified both the anodic and cathodic reactions in 1M HCl solution. The adsorption of the extracts on the mild steel coupons was observed to follow Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms. The negative values of Gibb’s free energy of adsorption ranged from -21.35 to -23.03 kJ/mol., this suggests that inhibitor molecules were physically and spontaneously adsorbed onto the metal surface.
{"title":"Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion by Leaves Extracts of Commelina benghalensis L In 1M HCl Solution","authors":"J. N. Akaaza, M. Baka, G. B. Nyior, D. Gundu, A. Ashwe","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7945","url":null,"abstract":"The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl by leaves extracts of Commelina benghalensis L was investigated using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques at room (30 and elevated temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70. The results of weight loss technique showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in extract concentration and exposure time but decreased with rise in temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency obtained was 81.71 % at 0.5 g/L concentration of leaves extracts. Corrosion rates decreased with increased concentration of extracts but increased with increase in temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization method results indicated that Commelina benghalensis L is a mixed - type inhibitor as it modified both the anodic and cathodic reactions in 1M HCl solution. The adsorption of the extracts on the mild steel coupons was observed to follow Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms. The negative values of Gibb’s free energy of adsorption ranged from -21.35 to -23.03 kJ/mol., this suggests that inhibitor molecules were physically and spontaneously adsorbed onto the metal surface.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130015961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7944
Kai Yu
Aims: The majority of current research on submerged impellers concentrates on transient hydrodynamic properties; however, the modifications to the flow field and impeller caused by fluid-solid interaction have not been sufficiently studied. Study Design: The vibration and deformation of the impeller due to the flow field's changing flow velocity will have an impact on the impeller's stability. Methodology: In this study, two-way fluid-structure coupling is used to investigate variations in impeller dynamic stress as well as changes in the flow field's properties at various inlet velocities. Results: The larger the flow velocity, the smaller the impeller's final deformation is, and the difference between the deformation at various flow velocities is approximately. 2%. The analysis and comparison of the maximum equivalent force diagrams at various velocities reveals that the maximum equivalent force in the impeller increases from 4.0615 MPa to 62.323 MPa with an increase in the flow velocity, exhibiting a jump growth. The maximum stress occurs at the beginning of the impeller's movement and reaches a maximum of 173.17 MPa. The maximum stress decreases with increasing flow field inlet velocity, falling to 168.65 MPa and 159.37 MPa at 2m/s and 3m/s, respectively. Conclusion: The results based on the two-phase flow model and k-turbulence model demonstrate that the impeller deformation increases stepwise from inside to outside, and the total deformation of the impeller decreases as the flow field's inlet velocity increases. The maximum stress of the impeller first appears at the junction of the hub and the fan blade, where the stress decreases with the increase of flow velocity, and the maximum stress appears in the middle of the impeller.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation Study of Dredger Impeller Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling","authors":"Kai Yu","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7944","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The majority of current research on submerged impellers concentrates on transient hydrodynamic properties; however, the modifications to the flow field and impeller caused by fluid-solid interaction have not been sufficiently studied. \u0000Study Design: The vibration and deformation of the impeller due to the flow field's changing flow velocity will have an impact on the impeller's stability. \u0000Methodology: In this study, two-way fluid-structure coupling is used to investigate variations in impeller dynamic stress as well as changes in the flow field's properties at various inlet velocities. \u0000Results: The larger the flow velocity, the smaller the impeller's final deformation is, and the difference between the deformation at various flow velocities is approximately. 2%. The analysis and comparison of the maximum equivalent force diagrams at various velocities reveals that the maximum equivalent force in the impeller increases from 4.0615 MPa to 62.323 MPa with an increase in the flow velocity, exhibiting a jump growth. The maximum stress occurs at the beginning of the impeller's movement and reaches a maximum of 173.17 MPa. The maximum stress decreases with increasing flow field inlet velocity, falling to 168.65 MPa and 159.37 MPa at 2m/s and 3m/s, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The results based on the two-phase flow model and k-turbulence model demonstrate that the impeller deformation increases stepwise from inside to outside, and the total deformation of the impeller decreases as the flow field's inlet velocity increases. The maximum stress of the impeller first appears at the junction of the hub and the fan blade, where the stress decreases with the increase of flow velocity, and the maximum stress appears in the middle of the impeller.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7942
Zhiyin Zhang
Fly ash is mainly the solid waste emitted by coal-fired fossil fuel power stations, which is collected through the flue gas emitted. At present, the comprehensive utilization of fly ash has been widely promoted and applied in actual production. The application of fly ash to concrete can not only improve the strength of concrete, but also save cement. However, its hydration rate is slow, and the incorporation of concrete will reduce the early strength of concrete. In order to improve the activity and other properties of fly ash, ultrafine fly ash with small particle size is obtained by grinding fly ash. Ultrafine fly ash has finer particle size than fly ash and larger spherical shape than original fly ash. Water demand decreases, density increases and activity increases. It can better fill the cement void, improve the internal compactness of concrete, and improve the interface structure of materials. Research has shown that adding 10% to 20% fly ash can achieve better performance than conventional concrete. For higher fly ash content, the strength decreases with the increase of fly ash content.
{"title":"Review on the Role of Ultra-fine Fly Ash on the Performance of Concrete","authors":"Zhiyin Zhang","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7942","url":null,"abstract":"Fly ash is mainly the solid waste emitted by coal-fired fossil fuel power stations, which is collected through the flue gas emitted. At present, the comprehensive utilization of fly ash has been widely promoted and applied in actual production. The application of fly ash to concrete can not only improve the strength of concrete, but also save cement. However, its hydration rate is slow, and the incorporation of concrete will reduce the early strength of concrete. In order to improve the activity and other properties of fly ash, ultrafine fly ash with small particle size is obtained by grinding fly ash. Ultrafine fly ash has finer particle size than fly ash and larger spherical shape than original fly ash. Water demand decreases, density increases and activity increases. It can better fill the cement void, improve the internal compactness of concrete, and improve the interface structure of materials. Research has shown that adding 10% to 20% fly ash can achieve better performance than conventional concrete. For higher fly ash content, the strength decreases with the increase of fly ash content.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"79 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7943
Xicheng Wang
In order to solve the problems of recycling of a large amount of coarse aggregate produced after the crushing of waste concrete and urban flooding, this project prepares the recycled coarse aggregate of 4.75-9.5 mm into 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm cubic permeable concrete specimens, and researches the influence law of different fly ash admixture on the pore space, water permeability and mechanical properties of the recycled aggregate permeable concrete, and determines the best design The optimal design ratio was determined. The experimental results show that the permeable concrete specimens prepared with recycled coarse aggregate of 4.75-9.5mm particle size and mixed with fly ash were cured in water, and the longer the curing age, the higher the compressive strength. With the increase of fly ash dosage, the compressive strength first rises and then decreases, and the porosity and permeability coefficient decreases continuously. When the fly ash dosage is 15%, the 28d compressive strength of recycled aggregate pervious concrete is the highest, which is 12.8 MPa. At this time, the porosity is 23.9%, and the permeability coefficient reaches 3 mm/s. Considering the overall situation, the optimum dosage of fly ash for recycled aggregate pervious concrete is recommended to be about 15%.
为解决废旧混凝土破碎后产生的大量粗骨料和城市洪涝后的回收利用问题，本项目将4.75-9.5 mm的再生粗骨料制备成100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm立方的透水混凝土试件，研究不同粉煤灰掺合料对再生骨料透水混凝土孔隙空间、透水性能和力学性能的影响规律。并确定最佳设计，确定最佳设计比。试验结果表明:采用4.75 ~ 9.5mm粒径再生粗骨料掺加粉煤灰配制的透水混凝土试件在水中养护，养护龄期越长抗压强度越高;随着粉煤灰掺量的增加，抗压强度先升高后降低，孔隙率和渗透系数不断减小。粉煤灰掺量为15%时，再生骨料透水混凝土28d抗压强度最高，为12.8 MPa。此时孔隙度为23.9%，渗透系数达到3mm /s。综合考虑整体情况，建议再生骨料透水混凝土粉煤灰的最佳掺量为15%左右。
{"title":"Study on the Effect of Fly Ash Admixture on the Performance of Recycled Pervious Concrete","authors":"Xicheng Wang","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7943","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the problems of recycling of a large amount of coarse aggregate produced after the crushing of waste concrete and urban flooding, this project prepares the recycled coarse aggregate of 4.75-9.5 mm into 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm cubic permeable concrete specimens, and researches the influence law of different fly ash admixture on the pore space, water permeability and mechanical properties of the recycled aggregate permeable concrete, and determines the best design The optimal design ratio was determined. The experimental results show that the permeable concrete specimens prepared with recycled coarse aggregate of 4.75-9.5mm particle size and mixed with fly ash were cured in water, and the longer the curing age, the higher the compressive strength. With the increase of fly ash dosage, the compressive strength first rises and then decreases, and the porosity and permeability coefficient decreases continuously. When the fly ash dosage is 15%, the 28d compressive strength of recycled aggregate pervious concrete is the highest, which is 12.8 MPa. At this time, the porosity is 23.9%, and the permeability coefficient reaches 3 mm/s. Considering the overall situation, the optimum dosage of fly ash for recycled aggregate pervious concrete is recommended to be about 15%.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7941
Eman Eltahan
This research work studies the effects of fabric structure on the mechanical properties of fabric cement composites. Seven fabric structures from the same fabric material were used. In this work different sets of specimens were made with different fabric layers after that these specimens were tested on tensile, bending and compression testing machines. It was found that the mechanical properties of the composite materials were influenced by the properties of the reinforced fabric. Fabric tensile strength, which is determined by the fabric's structure, construction, and the number of reinforced fabric layers, is the key factor influencing both tensile and flexural strength of the cement composites. Additionally, when the number of fabric layers increases, some attributes of composites, such as tensile and bending strength, increase while compressive strength decreases.
{"title":"Fabric-structural Parameters Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Fabric-cement Composites","authors":"Eman Eltahan","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7941","url":null,"abstract":"This research work studies the effects of fabric structure on the mechanical properties of fabric cement composites. Seven fabric structures from the same fabric material were used. In this work different sets of specimens were made with different fabric layers after that these specimens were tested on tensile, bending and compression testing machines. It was found that the mechanical properties of the composite materials were influenced by the properties of the reinforced fabric. Fabric tensile strength, which is determined by the fabric's structure, construction, and the number of reinforced fabric layers, is the key factor influencing both tensile and flexural strength of the cement composites. Additionally, when the number of fabric layers increases, some attributes of composites, such as tensile and bending strength, increase while compressive strength decreases.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127666948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7938
Kolawole Emmanuel, Abdulrahman Ridwanullah, Animasaun Ayomide, Kolapo Funsho, A. Mercy, Adeyemo Stephen
During the industrial revolution, agriculture saw a tremendous improvement in the way it was done. For the first time in the history of agriculture, steam and internal combustion engines were used to carry out laborious on-site farm activities, the first milling machines were built, and several other hitherto manually operated and tiresome operations were mechanized. Since then, however, just like in other fields, the industrial revolution has served as a turning point in the way things are done. Continuous research was carried out in a quest for more improvements and developments. Agricultural machinery has never seen as much improvement as it has in the technological age, which started around the mid-twentieth century. Transformations occurred in the way agricultural machines are being built, and one of the most significant transformations is the automation incorporated into machines such as harvesters, ploughing machines, and irrigation systems. Each of these machines has made their dedicated operations easier, faster, and more efficient, and with little human supervision. Traditional manual machines were also known to make work easier, faster, and more efficient, but not without the full supervision of man. Automation, however, ensures that work is carried out more efficiently by making machines work on their own accord, precisely and accurately, with very little or no human supervision. This research was carried out utilizing literature reviews on other earlier researches to show more clearly how agricultural machines have been automated in developed countries and to suggest how they can be emulated by a developing country like Nigeria. Nigeria, as a developing country blessed with resources, can rise and become the next great nation by fully harnessing the power of automation in agriculture.
{"title":"Automation in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering","authors":"Kolawole Emmanuel, Abdulrahman Ridwanullah, Animasaun Ayomide, Kolapo Funsho, A. Mercy, Adeyemo Stephen","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7938","url":null,"abstract":"During the industrial revolution, agriculture saw a tremendous improvement in the way it was done. For the first time in the history of agriculture, steam and internal combustion engines were used to carry out laborious on-site farm activities, the first milling machines were built, and several other hitherto manually operated and tiresome operations were mechanized. Since then, however, just like in other fields, the industrial revolution has served as a turning point in the way things are done. Continuous research was carried out in a quest for more improvements and developments. Agricultural machinery has never seen as much improvement as it has in the technological age, which started around the mid-twentieth century. Transformations occurred in the way agricultural machines are being built, and one of the most significant transformations is the automation incorporated into machines such as harvesters, ploughing machines, and irrigation systems. Each of these machines has made their dedicated operations easier, faster, and more efficient, and with little human supervision. Traditional manual machines were also known to make work easier, faster, and more efficient, but not without the full supervision of man. Automation, however, ensures that work is carried out more efficiently by making machines work on their own accord, precisely and accurately, with very little or no human supervision. This research was carried out utilizing literature reviews on other earlier researches to show more clearly how agricultural machines have been automated in developed countries and to suggest how they can be emulated by a developing country like Nigeria. Nigeria, as a developing country blessed with resources, can rise and become the next great nation by fully harnessing the power of automation in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128692552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i7939
Oyepata Sunday Joseph, N. Baba, E. T. Idowu, A. Adediran
Operational data indicates that vertical roller cement mills (VRCM) consumed lesser energy when compared to horizontal/ball mills. A case study of a vertical roller cement mills was carried out in Nigeria which was experiencing a lower production output and a higher energy consumption. This research was to investigate reasons behind the low production output on the VRCM. A thorough analysis was carried out on the clinker storage facilities and the heat transfer across the composite cylindrical clinker silo walls (off – spec and main clinker) both silos having the same design but with different dimensions and with different application purpose. The off-spec clinker silo has a design capacity of 1,800 tons and main clinker silo a design capacity of 60, 000 tons and both silo stores hot clinker that left the kiln clinker cooler at approximate temperature of 95oC. The analytical results shows that the rate of heat transfer across the main clinker composite walls was 728 kW and the rate of heat transfer across the off-spec clinker composite walls was 217.15 kW. Numerical simulation was also carried out using ANSYS simulation package and the results obtained were in good agreement with the results obtained theoretically. The ratio of heat loss on the main clinker composite walls to off-spec clinker composite walls was 3.35:1.
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