Journal of Engineering Research and Reports最新文献

{"title":"Zero Trust Architecture in Cloud Networks: Application, Challenges and Future Opportunities","authors":"Sina Ahmadi","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21083","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing has become essential in this digital world as it provides opportunities and challenges for organizations. This research explores the implementation and effectiveness of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) in addressing security challenges within cloud networks. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including a systematic literature review from 2020 to 2024, the study investigates insights from diverse sources such as journal articles, academic literature, and case studies. Thematic analysis organizes findings into critical themes, revealing ZTA's impact on mitigating lateral movement, reducing insider threat probability, enhancing network micro-segmentation, and improving identity and access management. The comparative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in security incidents post-ZTA implementation. Moreover, the study highlights best practices for ZTA adoption and outlines future advancements, including integration with emerging technologies like machine learning and artificial intelligence. This research underscores ZTA's pivotal role in fortifying cloud network security and offers valuable insights for practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139779529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Compressive Strength of Sand-Filled Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles as a Material for Wall Construction","authors":"Maro Clement Aterezi, B. Dahunsi, M. Onugba","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21084","url":null,"abstract":"The disposal of plastic wastes in the environment has negatively impacted the environment as plastics are non-biodegradable and contain chemicals that are harmful to humans, animals, plants, and the environment at large. The increased demand for infrastructure across the globe has also resulted in a rapid depletion of natural resources used for the production of construction materials. The need therefore arises for research to proffer solutions that would lead to the better management of plastic wastes, and provide sustainable construction materials. This study evaluated the compressive strength of sand-filled PET bottles (with varying moisture content, 0-15%) and clay bricks incorporating sand-filled PET bottles for wall construction. Cement was used to stabilize the clay at 0%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The compressive strength of the bricks produced was compared with that of control bricks (without sand-filled PET bottles). The results obtained reveal that the compressive strengths of the PET bricks were less than those of the control bricks. An optimum of 2% moisture content of sand is recommended for filling the PET bottles while 15% stabilization of clay with cement is recommended for the production of sand-filled PET bricks. The sand-filled PET bricks can be used for non-load-bearing wall construction as their compressive strengths fall below the minimum requirements of the Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute and the Standards Organization of Nigeria for load-bearing walls.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"126 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zero Trust Architecture in Cloud Networks: Application, Challenges and Future Opportunities","authors":"Sina Ahmadi","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21083","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing has become essential in this digital world as it provides opportunities and challenges for organizations. This research explores the implementation and effectiveness of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) in addressing security challenges within cloud networks. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including a systematic literature review from 2020 to 2024, the study investigates insights from diverse sources such as journal articles, academic literature, and case studies. Thematic analysis organizes findings into critical themes, revealing ZTA's impact on mitigating lateral movement, reducing insider threat probability, enhancing network micro-segmentation, and improving identity and access management. The comparative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in security incidents post-ZTA implementation. Moreover, the study highlights best practices for ZTA adoption and outlines future advancements, including integration with emerging technologies like machine learning and artificial intelligence. This research underscores ZTA's pivotal role in fortifying cloud network security and offers valuable insights for practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Compressive Strength of Sand-Filled Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles as a Material for Wall Construction","authors":"Maro Clement Aterezi, B. Dahunsi, M. Onugba","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21084","url":null,"abstract":"The disposal of plastic wastes in the environment has negatively impacted the environment as plastics are non-biodegradable and contain chemicals that are harmful to humans, animals, plants, and the environment at large. The increased demand for infrastructure across the globe has also resulted in a rapid depletion of natural resources used for the production of construction materials. The need therefore arises for research to proffer solutions that would lead to the better management of plastic wastes, and provide sustainable construction materials. This study evaluated the compressive strength of sand-filled PET bottles (with varying moisture content, 0-15%) and clay bricks incorporating sand-filled PET bottles for wall construction. Cement was used to stabilize the clay at 0%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The compressive strength of the bricks produced was compared with that of control bricks (without sand-filled PET bottles). The results obtained reveal that the compressive strengths of the PET bricks were less than those of the control bricks. An optimum of 2% moisture content of sand is recommended for filling the PET bottles while 15% stabilization of clay with cement is recommended for the production of sand-filled PET bricks. The sand-filled PET bricks can be used for non-load-bearing wall construction as their compressive strengths fall below the minimum requirements of the Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute and the Standards Organization of Nigeria for load-bearing walls.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"114 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Extreme Temperature and Air Pollutant on Cardiovascular Disease in Ondo-State Nigeria","authors":"Babalola Abayomi Danlami, Babalola Toju Esther, Aliyu Abdulaziz Bello","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21082","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between extreme temperatures, air pollutants, and cardiovascular disease in Ondo State, Nigeria. Geographic Information System (GIS) satellite mapping techniques were utilized to analyze the spatial distribution of environmental parameters including methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and temperature across Ondo State. Data was obtained for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 to allow for temporal analysis. The parameters exhibited some variations across different local government areas, indicating potential differences in exposure. 2020 data on cardiovascular disease and death cases revealed distinct spatial patterns, with northern regions showing higher disease burden compared to southern areas. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions based on region-specific environmental and health profiles. Enhanced monitoring, continued research on emerging factors, and translation of evidence into policies and community initiatives is recommended to mitigate environmental risks and promote cardiovascular health across Ondo State. Overall, the study demonstrates the utility of GIS mapping for investigating complex connections between environmental factors and health outcomes to guide informed prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"410 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Extreme Temperature and Air Pollutant on Cardiovascular Disease in Ondo-State Nigeria","authors":"Babalola Abayomi Danlami, Babalola Toju Esther, Aliyu Abdulaziz Bello","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21082","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between extreme temperatures, air pollutants, and cardiovascular disease in Ondo State, Nigeria. Geographic Information System (GIS) satellite mapping techniques were utilized to analyze the spatial distribution of environmental parameters including methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and temperature across Ondo State. Data was obtained for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 to allow for temporal analysis. The parameters exhibited some variations across different local government areas, indicating potential differences in exposure. 2020 data on cardiovascular disease and death cases revealed distinct spatial patterns, with northern regions showing higher disease burden compared to southern areas. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions based on region-specific environmental and health profiles. Enhanced monitoring, continued research on emerging factors, and translation of evidence into policies and community initiatives is recommended to mitigate environmental risks and promote cardiovascular health across Ondo State. Overall, the study demonstrates the utility of GIS mapping for investigating complex connections between environmental factors and health outcomes to guide informed prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":" 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and Chemical Scrutiny of Obizi River in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria for Domestic Consumption","authors":"E. C. Nwanna, L. Orakwe, E. C. Chukwuma, C. Nwachukwu, C. D. Okpala, J. I. Maduegbuna, H. C. Oyeoka","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21080","url":null,"abstract":"The Obizi River in the Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State was examined physically and chemically to evaluate its contamination level and suitability for home use. It is important for recreational, fishing, cooking, drinking, and other applications. Its typical applications for drinking, cooking, fishing, recreational activities and other uses are limited since it flows through a canal that might be contaminated by industrial, agricultural, and other human activities. Nitrate mg/l, nitrite mg/l, magnesium mg/l, zinc mg/l, total dissolved solid (TDS) mg/l, hardness mg/l, sulphate mg/l, phosphate mg/l, alkalinity mg/l, acidity mg/l, sodium mg/l, biological oxygen demand (BOD) mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) mg/l, total suspended solid (TSS) mg/l, TS mg/l, oxygen demand (OD) mg/l, and potassium mg/l are among the parameters that were evaluated. Total dissolved solids (TSS) were calculated as the difference between total solids and total dissolved solids. The zinc and nitrate elements within the samples were measured using the ultraviolet (UV) VIS spectrophotometric method. Sulphate was determined turbidimetrically by the absorption spectrophotometry. Magnesium content, total hardness, and alkalinity were measured through titration. TDS (mg/L) was measured with a Multi-Meter (HI 991300, Hanna Equipments, Romania), potassium and sodium ions were assessed by flame photometric technique, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was identified photometrically using the SpectroQuant Nova 60 COD cell test (Merck) in the range of 10 – 150 mg/L. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) was determined using the OxiDirect BOD system and total suspended solids (TSS) was calculated as the difference between total solids and total dissolved solids. Phosphates were measured using the ascorbic acid method, total solids were estimated gravimetrically, and oxygen demand (OD) was measured on-site using a dissolved oxygen meter JENWAY-3405 (Manufacturer: Barloworld Scientific Ltd., England). To find out if the results were significant or not, the parameters were subjected to an ANOVA single factor analysis. The analysis's conclusion was that the data were statistically not significant. Since nitrate and OD were above the World Health Organization's (WHO) limit while most other physicochemical parameters were below it, the ANOVA result showed that there was no significant difference between the physicochemical characteristics of the water samples. With the exception of nitrite and OD, which are above the WHO limit for domestic drinking water and other purposes, it was discovered that the majority of the physicochemical parameters fell within the organization's water quality standards for these purposes. As a result, the water quality is not good and should not be drunk unless treated.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customer Churn Prediction using Machine Learning Models","authors":"Glory Sam, P. Asuquo, Bliss Stephen","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21081","url":null,"abstract":"Customer churn is a critical concern for the telecommunication industry. Understanding and predicting customer churn can lead to more effective retention strategies and an increase in profitability. Predicting customer churn allows telecommunication companies to identify potentially dissatisfied customers early on and take proactive measures to retain them. Due to a large client base, the telecom industry generates a large volume of data on a daily basis. Decision makers and business analysts stressed that acquiring new customers is more expensive than retaining existing ones. Business analysts and customer relationship management (CRM) analysts must understand the reasons for customer churn as well as behaviour patterns from existing churn data. This paper proposes a churn prediction model that uses classication and clustering techniques to identify churn customers and provides the factors that contribute to customer churning in the telecom sector. The results presented shows that XBoost and Random Forest achieved higher prediction accuracy when compared to K- Nearest Neighbours, Support Vector Machines and Decision Trees in terms of accuracy, precision, F1-Score and recall.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"362 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and Chemical Scrutiny of Obizi River in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria for Domestic Consumption","authors":"E. C. Nwanna, L. Orakwe, E. C. Chukwuma, C. Nwachukwu, C. D. Okpala, J. I. Maduegbuna, H. C. Oyeoka","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21080","url":null,"abstract":"The Obizi River in the Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State was examined physically and chemically to evaluate its contamination level and suitability for home use. It is important for recreational, fishing, cooking, drinking, and other applications. Its typical applications for drinking, cooking, fishing, recreational activities and other uses are limited since it flows through a canal that might be contaminated by industrial, agricultural, and other human activities. Nitrate mg/l, nitrite mg/l, magnesium mg/l, zinc mg/l, total dissolved solid (TDS) mg/l, hardness mg/l, sulphate mg/l, phosphate mg/l, alkalinity mg/l, acidity mg/l, sodium mg/l, biological oxygen demand (BOD) mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) mg/l, total suspended solid (TSS) mg/l, TS mg/l, oxygen demand (OD) mg/l, and potassium mg/l are among the parameters that were evaluated. Total dissolved solids (TSS) were calculated as the difference between total solids and total dissolved solids. The zinc and nitrate elements within the samples were measured using the ultraviolet (UV) VIS spectrophotometric method. Sulphate was determined turbidimetrically by the absorption spectrophotometry. Magnesium content, total hardness, and alkalinity were measured through titration. TDS (mg/L) was measured with a Multi-Meter (HI 991300, Hanna Equipments, Romania), potassium and sodium ions were assessed by flame photometric technique, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was identified photometrically using the SpectroQuant Nova 60 COD cell test (Merck) in the range of 10 – 150 mg/L. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) was determined using the OxiDirect BOD system and total suspended solids (TSS) was calculated as the difference between total solids and total dissolved solids. Phosphates were measured using the ascorbic acid method, total solids were estimated gravimetrically, and oxygen demand (OD) was measured on-site using a dissolved oxygen meter JENWAY-3405 (Manufacturer: Barloworld Scientific Ltd., England). To find out if the results were significant or not, the parameters were subjected to an ANOVA single factor analysis. The analysis's conclusion was that the data were statistically not significant. Since nitrate and OD were above the World Health Organization's (WHO) limit while most other physicochemical parameters were below it, the ANOVA result showed that there was no significant difference between the physicochemical characteristics of the water samples. With the exception of nitrite and OD, which are above the WHO limit for domestic drinking water and other purposes, it was discovered that the majority of the physicochemical parameters fell within the organization's water quality standards for these purposes. As a result, the water quality is not good and should not be drunk unless treated.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customer Churn Prediction using Machine Learning Models","authors":"Glory Sam, P. Asuquo, Bliss Stephen","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i21081","url":null,"abstract":"Customer churn is a critical concern for the telecommunication industry. Understanding and predicting customer churn can lead to more effective retention strategies and an increase in profitability. Predicting customer churn allows telecommunication companies to identify potentially dissatisfied customers early on and take proactive measures to retain them. Due to a large client base, the telecom industry generates a large volume of data on a daily basis. Decision makers and business analysts stressed that acquiring new customers is more expensive than retaining existing ones. Business analysts and customer relationship management (CRM) analysts must understand the reasons for customer churn as well as behaviour patterns from existing churn data. This paper proposes a churn prediction model that uses classication and clustering techniques to identify churn customers and provides the factors that contribute to customer churning in the telecom sector. The results presented shows that XBoost and Random Forest achieved higher prediction accuracy when compared to K- Nearest Neighbours, Support Vector Machines and Decision Trees in terms of accuracy, precision, F1-Score and recall.","PeriodicalId":340494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}