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Interaction of ISI smoothed laser beams with low-density supercritical foam targets at AEEF ABC facility AEEF ABC装置中ISI平滑激光束与低密度超临界泡沫靶的相互作用
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.533840
C. Strangio, A. Caruso, S. Gus'kov, V. Rozanov, A. Rupasov
The results of a preliminary experiment on laser foam interaction performed at the ABC installation of the Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione are presented. Plastic foams with density of 5 - 20 mg/cm3 were irradiated with light produced from the neodymium laser of ABC (λ = 1.054 μm) and processed through a proper optical system to produce near field ISI smoothed radiation at ≈1013W/cm2 on the target. The use of a smoothed beam was essential to detect in the plasma and in the accelerated dense phase evolving features related to the target foam structure without mixing with those of the irradiating beam. Structures in the plasma corona and in the dense phase were detected by optical shadography of foam slabs. In the same experiment time-dependent transmission of laser light through slabs of foams was measured by target imaging and masking on a photodiode (bandwidth of the system 5 GHz).
本文介绍了激光泡沫相互作用的初步实验结果,该实验是在欧洲原子能协会- enea苏拉融合的ABC装置上进行的。用ABC (λ = 1.054 μm)钕激光器的光照射密度为5 ~ 20mg /cm3的塑料泡沫,并通过适当的光学系统对其进行处理,在靶上产生约1013W/cm2的近场ISI平滑辐射。平滑光束的使用对于在等离子体和加速致密相中检测与目标泡沫结构相关的特征而不与照射光束混合是必不可少的。用泡沫板的光学阴影法检测了等离子体日冕和致密相的结构。在同样的实验中,激光通过泡沫板的随时间的传输是通过目标成像和屏蔽在光电二极管(系统带宽为5 GHz)测量的。
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引用次数: 0
Production of fast ions by the 3wo PALS laser beam 3two PALS激光束产生快离子
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.536925
J. Wołowski, J. Badziak, F. Boody, S. Gammino, H. Hora, K. Jungwirth, B. Králiková, J. Krása, L. Laska, P. Parys, M. Pfeifer, K. Rohlena, J. Skála, L. Torrisi, J. Ullschmied, E. Woryna
The investigations of nonthermal processes in laser-produced plasmas are not yet complete, especially with regard to the ion acceleration in the plasma generated by high-energy short-wavelengths lasers. This contribution presents the results of studies of fast ion emission from plasma generated using a short wavelength (438 nm), high-energy (up to 250 J in 400 p5 pulse) iodine laser PALS at the Joint Research Laboratory PALS ASCR in Prague, Czech Republic. The properties of highly charged ion streams were investigated by ion diagnostic methods: ion collectors and solid state track detectors as well as a cylindrical electrostatic energy analyzer. Attention was paid to the determination of ion energy and comparison of the energies and abundance of different ion groups. The presented results shown the existence of highly charged ions with z <40 (measured z, =57 forTa) and with energies higher then 20 MeV in a far expansion zone. Ion current densities up to tens of mA/cm2 at a distance of 1 m from the target were obtained. On the basis of the ion diagnostic investigations the existence of nonthermal and nonlinear accelerating processes was demonstrated for the plasma produced by a high-energy short-wavelength laser pulse.
对激光等离子体的非热过程的研究尚未完成,特别是关于高能短波激光产生的等离子体中的离子加速。本文介绍了捷克共和国布拉格联合研究实验室PALS ASCR使用短波长(438 nm)高能(400 p5脉冲高达250 J)碘激光PALS产生的等离子体快速离子发射的研究结果。采用离子诊断方法:离子收集器、固态径迹检测器和圆柱形静电能量分析仪研究了高电荷离子流的特性。着重于离子能量的测定和不同离子基团的能量和丰度的比较。结果表明,在远膨胀区存在着z <40(实测z =57 forTa)、能量大于20 MeV的高电荷离子。在距离靶材1m处,离子电流密度可达数十mA/cm2。在离子诊断研究的基础上,证明了高能短波激光脉冲产生的等离子体存在非热和非线性加速过程。
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引用次数: 0
Energetic particle generation and transportation in interaction of ultra-intense laser with foil target 超强激光与箔靶相互作用中高能粒子的产生与输运
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.536782
T. Okada, A. Andreev, S. Toraya, T. Kitada
Analysis and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of fast particles produced by a short laser pulse with duration of 40 fs and intensity ≥ 1018 W/cm2 interacting with a foil target are performed. Initially, the plasma density distribution of the foil target has a smooth gradient with the scale-length of plasma density varying across it. The absorbed laser energy is transferred to fast electrons, which interact with the foil and are partially ejected from the foil surface. These electrons produce an electric field that causes an ion beam to be emitted from the foil. We analyze the different mechanisms of ion acceleration in the foil plasma and the influence of density gradient and other laser and plasma parameters on ion acceleration. The angular distributions of the ejected electrons and ions are calculated. The optimum laser-plasma parameters needed to achieve the most highly focused ion beam are analyzed.
对持续时间为40 fs、强度≥1018 W/cm2的短激光脉冲与箔靶相互作用产生的快速粒子进行了分析和粒子池(PIC)模拟。最初,靶材的等离子体密度分布具有平滑的梯度,等离子体密度的尺度长度在其上变化。吸收的激光能量被转移到快速电子,这些电子与箔相互作用并部分从箔表面射出。这些电子产生电场,使离子束从箔中发射出来。分析了离子在箔等离子体中加速的不同机理,以及密度梯度和其他激光和等离子体参数对离子加速的影响。计算了抛射出的电子和离子的角分布。分析了实现高聚焦离子束所需的最佳激光等离子体参数。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation on the origins of plasma-induced incoherence 等离子体诱导非相干源的实验研究
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.537109
H. Bandulet, C. Labaune, J. Fuchs, P. Michel, S. Depierreux
We present some results of a recent experiment performed on LULI's nanosecond laser chain which puts light on the underlying mechanisms involved in plasma-induced incoherence. Following theoretical interpretation for this new-found phenomenon, we set-up a Thomson scattering diagnostic off ion acoustic waves having small k-vectors transverse to the interaction beam. Such waves would be the product of the interplay between non-linear processes undergone by an RPP-smoothed laser beam propagating through an under-dense plasma. We have observed ion acoustic waves with k-vectors ranging from 0.4k0 to 0.6k0 located near the plasma's summit and occurring at the top of the interaction laser pulse. Good correlation between Thomson scattering spectra and other PII signatures, namely the redshift of the transmitted light, when varying interaction conditions strongly supports our first assumptions pertaining to the ion waves' participation in PII.
我们介绍了最近在LULI的纳秒激光链上进行的一些实验结果,这些实验结果揭示了等离子体诱导非相干的潜在机制。根据对这一新发现现象的理论解释,我们建立了一个汤姆逊散射诊断的离子声波具有小的k矢量横向相互作用光束。这种波可能是rpp平滑激光束在低密度等离子体中传播时所经历的非线性过程之间相互作用的产物。我们在等离子体顶点附近观察到k矢量在0.4 ~ 0.6k0之间的离子声波,这些声波发生在相互作用激光脉冲的顶部。当不同的相互作用条件下,汤姆逊散射光谱与其他PII特征之间的良好相关性,即透射光的红移,有力地支持了我们关于离子波参与PII的第一个假设。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Rayleigh-Taylor instability by nonlinear statistics methods for the tasks of laser thermonuclear fusion 用非线性统计方法分析激光热核聚变任务的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.536577
A. Nuzhny, V. Rozanov, R. Stepanov, A. S. Shumsky
A consideration of turbulent mixing is especially important in the laser fusion problems where the intensities of shock waves and acceleration fields achieve great values and the arising instabilities lead to a considerable reduction of thermonuclear yield. A standard set of thermodynamic values is insufficient to describe a process of turbulent mixing because a classical set averaging takes no account of the coherent structures, which are essential for the process. However, there is supposed to be a certain "reasonable" number of parameters characterizing a further development of turbulent process, as evidenced by numerical calculations and experimental data. An attempt has been made to determine numerically the turbulent mixing steady-state formation at an example of two-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor problems. In order to define such hidden characteristics one applied a mathematical apparatus of artificial intellect used effectively in fuzzy logic problems. The process states were coded by wavelet transform allowing one to consider spatially localized structures. The processes under study were determined by numerical calculations. As a result one obtained a steady-state representation of an RT-mixing process. The stable parameters are expressed through linear combinations of wavelet coefficients and Fourier transforms of the physical fields.
在激光聚变问题中,湍流混合的考虑是特别重要的,因为在激光聚变问题中,激波和加速场的强度达到很大的值,而产生的不稳定性会导致热核产率的大幅度降低。一组标准的热力学值不足以描述紊流混合过程,因为经典的集平均法没有考虑对该过程至关重要的相干结构。然而,数值计算和实验数据都证明,湍流过程的进一步发展应该有一定数量的“合理”参数。以二维瑞利-泰勒问题为例,尝试用数值方法确定湍流混合稳态形成。为了定义这些隐藏的特征,我们应用了一个在模糊逻辑问题中有效使用的人工智能数学装置。过程状态由小波变换编码,允许考虑空间局部结构。所研究的过程是通过数值计算确定的。结果得到了rt -混合过程的稳态表示。稳定参数通过物理场的小波系数和傅里叶变换的线性组合来表示。
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引用次数: 1
Organic photovoltaic materials and capsule fabrication of relative materials toward IFE targets 有机光伏材料及面向IFE目标的相关材料的胶囊制造
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.537401
K. Nagai, T. Norimatsu, Y. Izawa, T. Yamanaka
The present paper summarized recent activity of the target fabrication group at Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University. We focused on (1) organic photovoltaic materials to suppress the damage from laser-shine-through and (2) new emulsion technique to fabricate polyimide capsule. The following topics describes briefly, (3) organic feromagnetic materials for magnetic levitation of the target, (4) ultralow density foams of hydrocarbon whose density is ~2.0 mg/cc with micrometer-sized structures, and (5) new ultrathin (~nm) adhesion technique to provide laser-shock experiment targets.
本文综述了大阪大学激光工程研究所靶材制造组近年来的研究进展。我们重点研究了(1)有机光伏材料抑制激光穿透损伤和(2)新型乳液技术制备聚酰亚胺胶囊。下面简要介绍了(3)有机铁磁材料作为磁悬浮靶材;(4)密度为~2.0 mg/cc、结构为微米级的碳氢化合物超低密度泡沫;(5)新型超薄(~nm)黏附技术作为激光冲击实验靶材。
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引用次数: 2
Investigations into compressible turbulent mix in a convergent geometry plasma environment 收敛几何等离子体环境下可压缩湍流混合的研究
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.534289
K. Parker, S. Rothman, C. Horsfield, M. Dunne, D. Youngs, S. Batha, N. Lanier, M. Balkey, C. Barnes, Glenn Magelsenn, N. Delameter
A suite of experiments to measure the growth of turbulent mix in a compressible, convergent geometry has been performed on the Omega laser facility at LLE, Rochester NY. These employ a radiographically opaque marker layer to set the initial conditions at the unstable interface and to provide a diagnostic of the induced density gradients. The marker is sandwiched between a plastic ablator and a low-density polystyrene foam cylinder. The implosion is driven by uniform irradiation by 50 laser beams in an impulsive acceleration mode. The ablative drive launches a strong shock, causing the marker to become mixed into both the foam and the ablator. Compressible Richtmeyer Meshkov effects, modified by Bell-Plesset instability dominate the instability growth. The dependence on initial surface roughness is studied along with the time history of the evolution.
在纽约罗彻斯特LLE的Omega激光设备上进行了一系列测量可压缩、收敛几何结构中湍流混合增长的实验。这些方法采用放射学上不透明的标记层来设置不稳定界面的初始条件,并提供诱导密度梯度的诊断。标记夹在塑料烧蚀器和低密度聚苯乙烯泡沫圆柱体之间。内爆由50束激光以脉冲加速模式均匀照射驱动。烧蚀驱动器发出强烈的冲击,使标记物混合到泡沫和烧蚀器中。由Bell-Plesset不稳定性修正的可压缩Richtmeyer Meshkov效应主导了不稳定性的增长。研究了其对初始表面粗糙度的依赖关系以及演化的时间历程。
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引用次数: 1
Shock pressure enhancement in plane-layered targets through laser-induced shock waves 激光诱导激波增强平面层状目标的冲击压力
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.535938
V. Senecha, H. C. Pant, B. K. Godwal
The pressure enhancement due to impedance-matching at the interface between the two-step layered targets has been well studied and established technique for EOS measurement of materials in laser driven shock wave experiments. A detailed numerical simulation study of shock wave propagation through Al standard material in laser driven shock wave experiments was performed using a 1-D radiation hydrodynamic code MULTI. The definitive role of mesh thickness was noticed. The experimental results of shock pressure enhancement in Al-Cu and Al-Au, layered targets corroborated with the numerical simulation results. Simulations were subsequently extended to plane-layered targets such as CH-Al, CH-Cu an CH-Au targets. It is shown that with proper tailoring of laser and target parameters, shock pressures in the range of up to 30 to 50 Mbar could be achieved with relatively moderate intensity lasers (IL = 6 - 8x1013 W/cm2; Pulse FWHM 600 - 800 ps). The numerical simulations also enumerate appropriate conditions to maintain the steadiness of shock waves with minimal preheat effect.
在激光驱动激波实验中,对两步层状目标之间的界面阻抗匹配导致的压力增强进行了深入的研究,并建立了激光驱动激波实验中材料的EOS测量技术。利用一维辐射流体力学代码MULTI对激光驱动冲击波实验中冲击波通过Al标准材料的传播进行了详细的数值模拟研究。注意到网格厚度的决定性作用。Al-Cu和Al-Au层状靶的冲击压力增强实验结果与数值模拟结果相吻合。随后将模拟扩展到CH-Al、CH-Cu和CH-Au等平面层状目标。结果表明,通过适当调整激光器和目标参数,相对中等强度的激光器(IL = 6 ~ 8x1013 W/cm2;脉冲FWHM 600 - 800ps)。数值模拟还列举了在最小的预热效应下保持激波稳定性的适当条件。
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引用次数: 0
Modification of the coherence properties of a laser beam propagating through a plasma and its consequences for stimulated scattering instabilities 激光在等离子体中传播的相干特性的改变及其对受激散射不稳定性的影响
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.536887
C. Labaune, H. Baldis, H. Bandulet, S. Depierreux, J. Fuchs, Pierre Michel, D. Pesme
The control of coherence is a critical issue for the high-power lasers used in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The level of coherence is an important parameter for the control of the light intensity distribution as well as the growth rate of parametric instabilities. Over the past few years, experimental and theoretical studies have evidenced the ability of an underdense plasma to reduce the spatial and temporal coherence of an intense laser beam prooagating through it. As any process affecting laser propagation, plasma-induced incoherence appears fundamental because it can impact on parametric instabilities. We present results obtained with the six-beam LULI laser facility, in the nanosecond regime, showing direct evidences of the reduction of spatial and temporal coherence of an initially RPP-smoothed laser beam after propagation through a preformed plasma. Plasma induced incoherence (PII) proceeds from several mechanisms which include self-focusing, filamentation and non-linear coupling between these mechanisms and forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS). Part of these experiments was dedicated to the understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in PII, as the break up of a single hot spot and the existence of ion acoustic waves having small wave vectors transverse to the interaction beam which are produced in the PII processes. The spatial and temporal characteristics of these waves give a unique access to the influence of PII on stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering.
相干性的控制是用于惯性约束聚变(ICF)的高功率激光器的一个关键问题。相干度是控制光强分布和参数不稳定性增长速度的重要参数。在过去的几年里,实验和理论研究已经证明了低密度等离子体能够降低穿过它的强激光束的空间和时间相干性。与任何影响激光传播的过程一样,等离子体诱导的非相干性由于影响参量的不稳定性而显得至关重要。我们展示了用六束LULI激光设备在纳秒范围内获得的结果,直接证明了初始rpp平滑激光束在通过预成形等离子体传播后的空间和时间相干性降低。等离子体诱导非相干性(PII)的产生机制包括自聚焦、成丝以及这些机制与前向受激布里渊散射(FSBS)之间的非线性耦合。这些实验的一部分致力于理解PII过程中涉及的物理机制,如单个热点的破裂和离子声波的存在,这些声波具有小波矢量,横向于PII过程中产生的相互作用光束。这些波的空间和时间特征为研究PII对受激布里渊散射和拉曼散射的影响提供了一个独特的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Euler-Vlasov approach applied to the wave transformation in laser plasma 欧拉-弗拉索夫方法在激光等离子体波变换中的应用
Pub Date : 2003-12-12 DOI: 10.1117/12.537088
M. Mašek, K. Rohlena
The non-linear stage of stimulated Raman back-scattering is examined numerically in a collisionless non-relativistic laser plasma. The Euler-Vlasov method is applied in the simplest case of linearly polarized incident electromagnetic wave in 1-D geometry. The method of solution is a Fourier-Hermite expansion of the electron distribution function. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved for the case corresponding to the interaction of the PALS laser beam with the plasma corona. The time evolution of the electron distribution function is visualized.
对无碰撞非相对论性激光等离子体中受激拉曼后向散射的非线性阶段进行了数值研究。欧拉-弗拉索夫方法应用于一维几何中线性极化入射电磁波的最简单情况。求解方法是用傅里叶-埃尔米特展开电子分布函数。求解了等离子体电晕与PALS激光束相互作用的常微分方程。可视化了电子分布函数的时间演化过程。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter
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