In the Laser MegaJoule indirect drive experiments, the time-averaged radiation asymmetry on a Deuterium-Tritium (DT) capsule must be minimized to achieve high-yield implosions. A two-dimensional model estimates the time-averaged effect of power imbalance, laser beam pointing and target fabrication errors on the final DT deformation, which is then submitted to an ignition threshold. As these errors will take random values from one LMJ shot to another, the robustness study aims at quantifying the probability of failing to reach ignition. Here, we focus on laser power imbalance. We distinguish two types of error sources in laser performance, according to whether they take long-time (more than the laser pulse duration) or short-time (less than the laser pulse duration) correlated values. Indeed, as the final DT deformation results from the whole laser pulse history, the failure probability depends on the error time-correlation. A 1D-time model of the laser beam power, from the front-end to the target, was developed to quantify the variations of the output power imbalance due to the source contributions. Taking into account this detailed time behavior, instead of modeling all errors as long-time correlated values, leads to cut the global effect of power imbalance on ignition probability by half.
{"title":"Taking into account the time behavior of laser power errors in the Laser MegaJoule robustness study","authors":"J. Giorla, F. Poggi","doi":"10.1117/12.537396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537396","url":null,"abstract":"In the Laser MegaJoule indirect drive experiments, the time-averaged radiation asymmetry on a Deuterium-Tritium (DT) capsule must be minimized to achieve high-yield implosions. A two-dimensional model estimates the time-averaged effect of power imbalance, laser beam pointing and target fabrication errors on the final DT deformation, which is then submitted to an ignition threshold. As these errors will take random values from one LMJ shot to another, the robustness study aims at quantifying the probability of failing to reach ignition. Here, we focus on laser power imbalance. We distinguish two types of error sources in laser performance, according to whether they take long-time (more than the laser pulse duration) or short-time (less than the laser pulse duration) correlated values. Indeed, as the final DT deformation results from the whole laser pulse history, the failure probability depends on the error time-correlation. A 1D-time model of the laser beam power, from the front-end to the target, was developed to quantify the variations of the output power imbalance due to the source contributions. Taking into account this detailed time behavior, instead of modeling all errors as long-time correlated values, leads to cut the global effect of power imbalance on ignition probability by half.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115495309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. V. Afanasiev, B. Chichkov, V. Isakov, A. P. Kanavin, S. A. Uryupin
It is shown that heating of electrons due to the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of high-power short-pulse laser radiation results in parametric generation of ion-acoustic waves. The range of wave numbers where the amplitude of the ion-acoustic oscillations increases by more than an order of magnitude is determined.
{"title":"Amplification of acoustic oscillations by short laser pulses due to fast heating of electrons","authors":"Y. V. Afanasiev, B. Chichkov, V. Isakov, A. P. Kanavin, S. A. Uryupin","doi":"10.1117/12.537383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537383","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that heating of electrons due to the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of high-power short-pulse laser radiation results in parametric generation of ion-acoustic waves. The range of wave numbers where the amplitude of the ion-acoustic oscillations increases by more than an order of magnitude is determined.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133191844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Y. Doskach, S. Gus'kov, K. Jungwirth, M. Kalal, A. Kasperczuk, B. Králiková, E. Krouský, J. Limpouch, K. Mašek, M. Pfeifer, T. Pisarczyk, K. Rohlena, V. Rozanov, J. Skála, J. Ullschmied
Results from PALS facility laser-massive Al target interaction experiments are reported. Main attention is devoted craters formation under the action of laser pulses of various energy (from 100 J up to 600 J), intensity (from 1013 W/cm2 up to 1015 W/cm2), laser wavelength (0.438 μm and 1.315 μm), and focal beam radius (from 35 μm up to 600 μm). Crater replicas were made of wax and their depths and radii were subsequently obtained by microscopy measurements. Duration of the laser-pulse-initiated shock wave propagation into the targets was much longer than that of the laser pulse itself (400 ps). This was an important feature of the experimental arrangement. Theoretical model of the post-pulse crater formation by the shock wave propagating and decaying in solids after the end of the laser pulse is presented and applied for explanation of the results obtained in experiments.
{"title":"Laser-produced post-pulse crater formation in solids observed in PALS facility interaction experiment","authors":"I. Y. Doskach, S. Gus'kov, K. Jungwirth, M. Kalal, A. Kasperczuk, B. Králiková, E. Krouský, J. Limpouch, K. Mašek, M. Pfeifer, T. Pisarczyk, K. Rohlena, V. Rozanov, J. Skála, J. Ullschmied","doi":"10.1117/12.536517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.536517","url":null,"abstract":"Results from PALS facility laser-massive Al target interaction experiments are reported. Main attention is devoted craters formation under the action of laser pulses of various energy (from 100 J up to 600 J), intensity (from 1013 W/cm2 up to 1015 W/cm2), laser wavelength (0.438 μm and 1.315 μm), and focal beam radius (from 35 μm up to 600 μm). Crater replicas were made of wax and their depths and radii were subsequently obtained by microscopy measurements. Duration of the laser-pulse-initiated shock wave propagation into the targets was much longer than that of the laser pulse itself (400 ps). This was an important feature of the experimental arrangement. Theoretical model of the post-pulse crater formation by the shock wave propagating and decaying in solids after the end of the laser pulse is presented and applied for explanation of the results obtained in experiments.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126401035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hora, J. Badziak, F. Boody, R. Hoepfl, K. Jungwirth, B. Králiková, J. Krása, L. Laska, M. Pfeifer, K. Rohlena, P. Parys, J. Skála, J. Ullschmied, J. Wołowski, E. Woryna
The experiment of Badziak et al has shown that irradiation of copper by 1.5 ps laser pulses produced 50 times lower maximum ion energies than the 22 MeV expected after relativistic self focusing from laser pulses of about ns duration. This discrepancy was confirmed in the following reported experiments specifically designed for this clarification, where MeV Au+30 maximum ion energies needed 400 times higher intensity with ps pulses than with 0.5 ns pulses. Comparing the theory for generating the fastest ions by relativistic self focusing and of the second fastest group by a quiver-collision model, we arrived at the conclusion that the mentioned ps-TW-generated ions are not following these usual theories but that a skin depth model with exclusion of relativistic self focusing explains the experiments. The essential importance is the suppression of the prepulse. We conclude how the experiment by Norreys et al. with the highest ever reported fusion gains may be increased to fusion reactor conditions if our results of prepulse control and suppression of relativistic self focusing would be applied following our skin layer interaction model. This extends the fast ignitor to the nonlinear-force block ignition without plasma precompression.
{"title":"Skin depth theory for nonlinear-force driven block ignition laser-ICF based on anomalous picosecond terawatt laser-plasma interaction","authors":"H. Hora, J. Badziak, F. Boody, R. Hoepfl, K. Jungwirth, B. Králiková, J. Krása, L. Laska, M. Pfeifer, K. Rohlena, P. Parys, J. Skála, J. Ullschmied, J. Wołowski, E. Woryna","doi":"10.1117/12.536769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.536769","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment of Badziak et al has shown that irradiation of copper by 1.5 ps laser pulses produced 50 times lower maximum ion energies than the 22 MeV expected after relativistic self focusing from laser pulses of about ns duration. This discrepancy was confirmed in the following reported experiments specifically designed for this clarification, where MeV Au+30 maximum ion energies needed 400 times higher intensity with ps pulses than with 0.5 ns pulses. Comparing the theory for generating the fastest ions by relativistic self focusing and of the second fastest group by a quiver-collision model, we arrived at the conclusion that the mentioned ps-TW-generated ions are not following these usual theories but that a skin depth model with exclusion of relativistic self focusing explains the experiments. The essential importance is the suppression of the prepulse. We conclude how the experiment by Norreys et al. with the highest ever reported fusion gains may be increased to fusion reactor conditions if our results of prepulse control and suppression of relativistic self focusing would be applied following our skin layer interaction model. This extends the fast ignitor to the nonlinear-force block ignition without plasma precompression.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131639907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laser driven shock wave experiments were performed to study the equation of state (EOS) of Cu material using impedance-matching technique with Al as reference material. An Nd:YAG laser chain (2 Joule, 1.06 μm wavelength, 200 ps pulse FWHM) was used for generating shocks in the planar Al foils and Al-Cu layered targets. EOS of materials at shock pressure up to 11 Mbar is obtained with pressure enhancement by a factor of 1.67 at Al-Cu interface. Numerical simulations performed using one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic code MULTI show close agreement with the experimental value of shock pressure enhancement. Simulation reveals the fact that 5 - 6 μm thickness of Al foil as a reference material is sufficient to prevent the x-ray preheating effect as well as to attain planar and steady shock wave propagation for a given laser beam used in the experiment. The experimental Hugoniot data points obtained are in excellent agreement with the existing standard SESAME data and with other reported experimental results.
{"title":"Laser generated high-pressure shock wave experiments and their simulations","authors":"V. Senecha, M. Shukla, B. K. Godwal, H. C. Pant","doi":"10.1117/12.534320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.534320","url":null,"abstract":"Laser driven shock wave experiments were performed to study the equation of state (EOS) of Cu material using impedance-matching technique with Al as reference material. An Nd:YAG laser chain (2 Joule, 1.06 μm wavelength, 200 ps pulse FWHM) was used for generating shocks in the planar Al foils and Al-Cu layered targets. EOS of materials at shock pressure up to 11 Mbar is obtained with pressure enhancement by a factor of 1.67 at Al-Cu interface. Numerical simulations performed using one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic code MULTI show close agreement with the experimental value of shock pressure enhancement. Simulation reveals the fact that 5 - 6 μm thickness of Al foil as a reference material is sufficient to prevent the x-ray preheating effect as well as to attain planar and steady shock wave propagation for a given laser beam used in the experiment. The experimental Hugoniot data points obtained are in excellent agreement with the existing standard SESAME data and with other reported experimental results.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127236819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All glass properties are dependent by their structure. It was established that hydrogen permeation, characterized by lgKH as one of properties, is determined on the factor of glass network connectedness and the thermal expansion coefficient, which confirm the existing of free structure volume. Equations have been obtained for calculation of 1gKH. They may be applied for predicting the changes in hydrogen permeability as a function of the indicated criterions.
{"title":"Dependence of the hydrogen permeability of glasses on thermal expansion and the structure connectedness factor","authors":"E. Medvedev","doi":"10.1117/12.537287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537287","url":null,"abstract":"All glass properties are dependent by their structure. It was established that hydrogen permeation, characterized by lgKH as one of properties, is determined on the factor of glass network connectedness and the thermal expansion coefficient, which confirm the existing of free structure volume. Equations have been obtained for calculation of 1gKH. They may be applied for predicting the changes in hydrogen permeability as a function of the indicated criterions.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124616086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Dudnikova, V. Bychenkov, A. Maksimchuk, G. Mourou, J. Nees, S. G. Bochkarev, V. Vshivkov
Generation of relativistic electrons from the interaction of a laser pulse with a high density plasma foil, accompanied by an underdense preplasma in front of it, has been studied with 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for pulse duration comparable to a single-cycle and for single-wavelength spot size. The primary mechanism responsible for electron acceleration is identified. Simulations show that the energy of the accelerated electrons has a maximum versus the pulse-duration for relativistic laser intensities. The most effective electron acceleration takes place when the preplasma scale length is comparable to the pulse-duration. Electron distribution functions have been found from PIC simulations. Their tails are well approximated by Maxwellian distributions with a hot temperature in the MeV range.
{"title":"Electron acceleration by few-cycle laser pulse with single-wavelength spot size","authors":"G. Dudnikova, V. Bychenkov, A. Maksimchuk, G. Mourou, J. Nees, S. G. Bochkarev, V. Vshivkov","doi":"10.1117/12.536958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.536958","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of relativistic electrons from the interaction of a laser pulse with a high density plasma foil, accompanied by an underdense preplasma in front of it, has been studied with 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for pulse duration comparable to a single-cycle and for single-wavelength spot size. The primary mechanism responsible for electron acceleration is identified. Simulations show that the energy of the accelerated electrons has a maximum versus the pulse-duration for relativistic laser intensities. The most effective electron acceleration takes place when the preplasma scale length is comparable to the pulse-duration. Electron distribution functions have been found from PIC simulations. Their tails are well approximated by Maxwellian distributions with a hot temperature in the MeV range.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122241784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Michel, C. Labaune, G. Bonnaud, J. Fuchs, H. Bandulet, S. Depierreux, G. Riazuelo, F. Walraet
Within the context of inertial confinement fusion, experiments involving the "self-induced smoothing" of a laser beam propagating in an underdense semicollisional plasma are presented. These results, which reveal severe modifications of the focal spot intensity pattern via increased angular spreading and hot spot size reduction, are compared with three-dimensional simulations from the code PARAX.
{"title":"Reduction of the spatial coherence of a laser beam propagating in an underdense semicollisional plasma","authors":"P. Michel, C. Labaune, G. Bonnaud, J. Fuchs, H. Bandulet, S. Depierreux, G. Riazuelo, F. Walraet","doi":"10.1117/12.537090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537090","url":null,"abstract":"Within the context of inertial confinement fusion, experiments involving the \"self-induced smoothing\" of a laser beam propagating in an underdense semicollisional plasma are presented. These results, which reveal severe modifications of the focal spot intensity pattern via increased angular spreading and hot spot size reduction, are compared with three-dimensional simulations from the code PARAX.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134369029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
United algorithm LATRANT for a simulation of a radiative gas flows in 2D cylindrical geometry has been developed on the basis of the gas-dynamic code ATLANT and the program for the radiation transport calculation LATRA. The developed program takes into account the radiation transport in the multi-group approximation and the gas dynamics within the framework of the improved Lagrangian method. Two modifications of LATRANT code for spherical and plane problems in r-z geometry respectively have been developed. A quasi-one-dimensional simulation of the heating and compression of a two-layer spherical target irradiated by isotropic X-rays has been carried out to demonstrate qualitative difference between LATRANT and three-temperature approximation results. Essentially 2D simulation of compression of the same target by the angular-nonhomogeneous radiation has revealed fuel preheating and radiative symmetrization of the inner shell compression, which are typical for the indirect compression schemes. Transition of infrared radiation to X-rays has been observed in 2D simulation of plain Al foil acceleration by Nd laser pulse.
{"title":"2D-Lagrangian code LATRANT for simulation radiation gas dynamic problems","authors":"E. Aristova, A. Iskakov, I. Lebo, V. Tishkin","doi":"10.1117/12.536544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.536544","url":null,"abstract":"United algorithm LATRANT for a simulation of a radiative gas flows in 2D cylindrical geometry has been developed on the basis of the gas-dynamic code ATLANT and the program for the radiation transport calculation LATRA. The developed program takes into account the radiation transport in the multi-group approximation and the gas dynamics within the framework of the improved Lagrangian method. Two modifications of LATRANT code for spherical and plane problems in r-z geometry respectively have been developed. A quasi-one-dimensional simulation of the heating and compression of a two-layer spherical target irradiated by isotropic X-rays has been carried out to demonstrate qualitative difference between LATRANT and three-temperature approximation results. Essentially 2D simulation of compression of the same target by the angular-nonhomogeneous radiation has revealed fuel preheating and radiative symmetrization of the inner shell compression, which are typical for the indirect compression schemes. Transition of infrared radiation to X-rays has been observed in 2D simulation of plain Al foil acceleration by Nd laser pulse.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115056711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. M. Izgorodin, Yu. V. Tolokonnikova, A. A. Aushev, A. I. Vasil'eva, V. G. Gogolev, A. F. Kovylov, E. G. Orlikova, I. G. Sevrugin
The results of research of properties and preparation conditions of the plasmochemical SiO2 films are submitted. These films coated various substrates (glass, metals, NaCl). Film deposition was carried out by decomposition of the tetraethoxycilane vapor by the electrical discharge with the frequency of about 18 kHz. The excessive products of decomposition were pumped out with maintenance of the tetraethoxycilane vapor and argon pressure of about 0.2 Torr. The study of element structure has shown that the film represents SixOy with x ≈ 1 and y ≈ 2 and contains an impurity of organic inclusions. Density and index of refraction of a coating are close to these parameters for glass SiO2. The form of the film surface is investigated depending on the coating conditions. Infrared spectra of absorption and Raman spectra are investigated. The results of attempts of the iodine in this film as an impurity are given. This method is applied for preparing of the covering with uniform thickness on glass microspheres used as targets in laser fusion experiments on the installation "Iskra-5."
{"title":"Study of properties and preparation conditions of plasmochemical SiO2 films","authors":"V. M. Izgorodin, Yu. V. Tolokonnikova, A. A. Aushev, A. I. Vasil'eva, V. G. Gogolev, A. F. Kovylov, E. G. Orlikova, I. G. Sevrugin","doi":"10.1117/12.537457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537457","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research of properties and preparation conditions of the plasmochemical SiO2 films are submitted. These films coated various substrates (glass, metals, NaCl). Film deposition was carried out by decomposition of the tetraethoxycilane vapor by the electrical discharge with the frequency of about 18 kHz. The excessive products of decomposition were pumped out with maintenance of the tetraethoxycilane vapor and argon pressure of about 0.2 Torr. The study of element structure has shown that the film represents SixOy with x ≈ 1 and y ≈ 2 and contains an impurity of organic inclusions. Density and index of refraction of a coating are close to these parameters for glass SiO2. The form of the film surface is investigated depending on the coating conditions. Infrared spectra of absorption and Raman spectra are investigated. The results of attempts of the iodine in this film as an impurity are given. This method is applied for preparing of the covering with uniform thickness on glass microspheres used as targets in laser fusion experiments on the installation \"Iskra-5.\"","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124277980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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