W. Nazarov, N. Borisenko, Yuri A. Merkul'ev, D. Batani, M. Koenig
Targets containing foams have always been in demand in ICF and HDE experiments. These foams are usually quite different and highly specialized. These foams are at the edge of current foam knowledge with the combination of low density and small pore sizes are a challenge to all chemists. The science and property of these materials are still not fully understood and investigated. The low-density materials and the production methods of various types of foams are reviewed and the limitations of each discussed.
{"title":"Chemistry and physics of low-density foams in laser experiments","authors":"W. Nazarov, N. Borisenko, Yuri A. Merkul'ev, D. Batani, M. Koenig","doi":"10.1117/12.537400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537400","url":null,"abstract":"Targets containing foams have always been in demand in ICF and HDE experiments. These foams are usually quite different and highly specialized. These foams are at the edge of current foam knowledge with the combination of low density and small pore sizes are a challenge to all chemists. The science and property of these materials are still not fully understood and investigated. The low-density materials and the production methods of various types of foams are reviewed and the limitations of each discussed.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116089631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Vagin, I. V. Kuzora, K. Ovchinnikov, V. Silin, S. A. Uryupin, M. Kozlov, C. McKinstrie
A problem of scatterd radiation spectrum linewidth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in multi-species plasma is studied. It is shown that the threshold and spectral composition of SBS can be varied by changing the concentration of species of the plasma. A possibility of existence of the scattered radiation spectrum with the frequency line width comparable to the ion-acoustic frequency is revealed.
{"title":"Spectrum linewidth of SBS in collisionless plasma with two species of ions","authors":"K. Vagin, I. V. Kuzora, K. Ovchinnikov, V. Silin, S. A. Uryupin, M. Kozlov, C. McKinstrie","doi":"10.1117/12.537099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537099","url":null,"abstract":"A problem of scatterd radiation spectrum linewidth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in multi-species plasma is studied. It is shown that the threshold and spectral composition of SBS can be varied by changing the concentration of species of the plasma. A possibility of existence of the scattered radiation spectrum with the frequency line width comparable to the ion-acoustic frequency is revealed.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114703773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In experiments for the so-called Cone Focused Fast Ignition the imploded material was found contaminated by the cone high-Z material. In this paper the thermonuclear ignition thresholds for a fuel contaminated at atomic level were evaluated as function of the contaminant fraction. A short pulse of protons was used to start the ignition of a cylindrical assembly of compressed fuel uniformly contaminated at atomic level by gold. As a reference, a study for the ignition of a clean target at different proton energies was first performed and, after this, the ignition conditions for contaminated targets were found for a selected proton energy. Protons with proper energy can be used to mock-up deposition by fast electrons so that part of the study can be considered useful to predict the performances also for this energy vector.
{"title":"Ignition thresholds for deuterium-tritium mixtures contaminated by high-Z material","authors":"A. Caruso, Carmela Strangio","doi":"10.1117/12.536745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.536745","url":null,"abstract":"In experiments for the so-called Cone Focused Fast Ignition the imploded material was found contaminated by the cone high-Z material. In this paper the thermonuclear ignition thresholds for a fuel contaminated at atomic level were evaluated as function of the contaminant fraction. A short pulse of protons was used to start the ignition of a cylindrical assembly of compressed fuel uniformly contaminated at atomic level by gold. As a reference, a study for the ignition of a clean target at different proton energies was first performed and, after this, the ignition conditions for contaminated targets were found for a selected proton energy. Protons with proper energy can be used to mock-up deposition by fast electrons so that part of the study can be considered useful to predict the performances also for this energy vector.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122916475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One proposed capsule design for the Laser Megajoule facility is analyzed to determine surface finish specifications required to achieve ignition and propagated burn. We estimate the sensitivity of this capsule to hydrodynamic instabilities by means of direct two-dimensional simulations. Configuring multimode perturbations located at the DT ice and ablator surfaces, the fusion yield is predicted.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic stability of indirect-drive targets","authors":"D. Galmiche, C. Cherfils","doi":"10.1117/12.534318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.534318","url":null,"abstract":"One proposed capsule design for the Laser Megajoule facility is analyzed to determine surface finish specifications required to achieve ignition and propagated burn. We estimate the sensitivity of this capsule to hydrodynamic instabilities by means of direct two-dimensional simulations. Configuring multimode perturbations located at the DT ice and ablator surfaces, the fusion yield is predicted.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129816013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work a theoretical model of plasma absorption and emission is developed and applied to explanation of some experimentally observed spectra from laser-produced plasmas under conditions being of interest for the ICF as well. The targets for ICF contain the layers of various materials: Be, Al, Cu, SiO2, agar (C12H18O9)n, and others. Of interest is the code, calculating the optical characteristics of plasma of a complicated chemical composition in a broad range of plasma conditions (density and temperature). This spectroscopic modeling has been performed by a collisional-radiative model DESNA for non-LTE mixtures involving detailed structure of excited levels of all charge states from a neutral atom to a fully ionized ion. In the paper we present some new results of theoretical investigation of x-ray emission in the conditions close to real experiments on interaction of short and powerful laser pulses with targets. The simulation and available experimental results are in good enough agreement for various target materials (C, Al, Cu).
{"title":"Spectral emissivities and opacities of plasma at laser interaction with targets of various chemical composition","authors":"E. Ivanov, V. Rozanov, Galina A. Vergunova","doi":"10.1117/12.535944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.535944","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work a theoretical model of plasma absorption and emission is developed and applied to explanation of some experimentally observed spectra from laser-produced plasmas under conditions being of interest for the ICF as well. The targets for ICF contain the layers of various materials: Be, Al, Cu, SiO2, agar (C12H18O9)n, and others. Of interest is the code, calculating the optical characteristics of plasma of a complicated chemical composition in a broad range of plasma conditions (density and temperature). This spectroscopic modeling has been performed by a collisional-radiative model DESNA for non-LTE mixtures involving detailed structure of excited levels of all charge states from a neutral atom to a fully ionized ion. In the paper we present some new results of theoretical investigation of x-ray emission in the conditions close to real experiments on interaction of short and powerful laser pulses with targets. The simulation and available experimental results are in good enough agreement for various target materials (C, Al, Cu).","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"5228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130894952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Matsukado, H. Daido, Zhong Li, A. Fukumi, Y. Hayashi, S. Orimo, S. V. Bulanov, M. Uesaka, K. Yoshii, Takahiro Watanabe, T. Hosokai, K. Kinoshita, A. Zhidkov, A. Noda, Y. Iwashita, T. Shirai, S. Nakamura, A. Yamazaki, A. Morita, T. Takeuchi, A. Ogata, Y. Wada, T. Kubota, F. Soga, S. Yamada, Esirkepov Timur, K. Nishihara
We started a project to develop a very compact accelerator for cancer therapy. To reduce the size of the system, we adopted a laser plasma ion source using a compact ultra-high intensity laser. We have performed ion generation experiments in which the laser parameters were as follows: The wave length and the pulse duration were 800 nm and 50 fs, respectively. Peak power was 4 - 5TW. The laser pulse with normal incidence angle to the target was focused onto the target with 15 μm diameter giving power density of 3 - 4x1018W/cm2. The thin foil metals (Ti, Al) and plastics (polypropylene, polyethylene) with the thicknesses of 4 - 100 μm were used for targets. We found that the angular distribution of ions with an energy of ~0.1 MeV had a significant peak in the backward and forward in respect to the laser incidence direction.
{"title":"Laser-driven high-energy ion generation for a compact cancer therapy accelerator","authors":"K. Matsukado, H. Daido, Zhong Li, A. Fukumi, Y. Hayashi, S. Orimo, S. V. Bulanov, M. Uesaka, K. Yoshii, Takahiro Watanabe, T. Hosokai, K. Kinoshita, A. Zhidkov, A. Noda, Y. Iwashita, T. Shirai, S. Nakamura, A. Yamazaki, A. Morita, T. Takeuchi, A. Ogata, Y. Wada, T. Kubota, F. Soga, S. Yamada, Esirkepov Timur, K. Nishihara","doi":"10.1117/12.537374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537374","url":null,"abstract":"We started a project to develop a very compact accelerator for cancer therapy. To reduce the size of the system, we adopted a laser plasma ion source using a compact ultra-high intensity laser. We have performed ion generation experiments in which the laser parameters were as follows: The wave length and the pulse duration were 800 nm and 50 fs, respectively. Peak power was 4 - 5TW. The laser pulse with normal incidence angle to the target was focused onto the target with 15 μm diameter giving power density of 3 - 4x1018W/cm2. The thin foil metals (Ti, Al) and plastics (polypropylene, polyethylene) with the thicknesses of 4 - 100 μm were used for targets. We found that the angular distribution of ions with an energy of ~0.1 MeV had a significant peak in the backward and forward in respect to the laser incidence direction.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134232303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Atzeni, A. Antonicci, D. Batani, F. Califano, F. Cornolti, J. Honrubia, T. V. Lisseikina, A. Macchi, F. Pegoraro, M. Temporal
In all recently proposed schemes for laser-driven Fast Ignition (FI) of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets, two key elements are the conversion of the energy of a Petawatt laser pulse into a beam of strongly relativistic electrons and its transport through a dense plasma or a solid target. The electron beam may either drive ignition directly or be exploited to acccelerate a proton beam which in turn is used to ignite the target. Both approaches to FI involve a number of physical processes that are challenging for theory and simulation. In this paper, theoretical and numerical investigations are presented concerning several fundamental issues of relevance to FI, including electron beam instabilities, electron transport in solid-density materials, and requirements for proton beam driven ignition.
{"title":"Numerical and theoretical studies on basic issues for fast ignition: from fast particle generation to beam driven ignition","authors":"S. Atzeni, A. Antonicci, D. Batani, F. Califano, F. Cornolti, J. Honrubia, T. V. Lisseikina, A. Macchi, F. Pegoraro, M. Temporal","doi":"10.1117/12.536756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.536756","url":null,"abstract":"In all recently proposed schemes for laser-driven Fast Ignition (FI) of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets, two key elements are the conversion of the energy of a Petawatt laser pulse into a beam of strongly relativistic electrons and its transport through a dense plasma or a solid target. The electron beam may either drive ignition directly or be exploited to acccelerate a proton beam which in turn is used to ignite the target. Both approaches to FI involve a number of physical processes that are challenging for theory and simulation. In this paper, theoretical and numerical investigations are presented concerning several fundamental issues of relevance to FI, including electron beam instabilities, electron transport in solid-density materials, and requirements for proton beam driven ignition.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134286364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photo-nuclear reaction studies are introduced using photon sources developed at JAERI such as ultra high peak power laser expecting activation by intense high energy photons with wide energy spectrum, and laser-Compton scattering expecting controlled gamma ray emission for the cosmochronogical study, and photo fission reaction. Final target of these studies will be related to the emerging new method for the consmonuclear physics, up-conversion type induced gamma ray emission, and the controlled resonant fission into the short lived nuclei.
{"title":"Research on photonuclear isomer reaction at JAERI","authors":"T. Arisawa, T. Hayakawa, T. Shizuma","doi":"10.1117/12.544308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.544308","url":null,"abstract":"Photo-nuclear reaction studies are introduced using photon sources developed at JAERI such as ultra high peak power laser expecting activation by intense high energy photons with wide energy spectrum, and laser-Compton scattering expecting controlled gamma ray emission for the cosmochronogical study, and photo fission reaction. Final target of these studies will be related to the emerging new method for the consmonuclear physics, up-conversion type induced gamma ray emission, and the controlled resonant fission into the short lived nuclei.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131950006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents preparation of polystyrene-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PS-PVA) double-shell with micro-encapsulation method. In order to improve the gas-barrier property of the PVA shell, a mixture of 2wt% PVA solution and borax are used as matrix for PVA coating. The pH value of the matrix are kept less than 8 to prevent the PVA coating from formation of patch which arise from local gelation and ruin the uniformity of the PVA shell. The resultant PVA coating ranges from 2 μm to 15 μm with uniformity better than 95%.
{"title":"Preparation of polystyrene-poly(vinyl alcohol) double-shell","authors":"Bo Li, Zhanwen Zhang, Chaoyang Wang, Su-fen Chen","doi":"10.1117/12.537402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537402","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents preparation of polystyrene-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PS-PVA) double-shell with micro-encapsulation method. In order to improve the gas-barrier property of the PVA shell, a mixture of 2wt% PVA solution and borax are used as matrix for PVA coating. The pH value of the matrix are kept less than 8 to prevent the PVA coating from formation of patch which arise from local gelation and ruin the uniformity of the PVA shell. The resultant PVA coating ranges from 2 μm to 15 μm with uniformity better than 95%.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122640823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. Il'in, A. A. Levkovskii, S. Gus'kov, V. Rozanov, V. E. Sherman, A. Andreev, O. B. Vygovskii
By means of Monte-Carlo modeling of thermonuclear (TN) burn wave propagation in spherical laser deuterium-tritium targets criteria of fast ignition are elaborated and corresponding energy gain is evaluated. The critical ignitor parameters are calculated both for homogeneous and inhomogeneous targets with different parameters of main fuel. It is shown that in strong inhomogeneous target plasma the minimum values of required ignition energy could increase twice. Besides it is shown that critical values of ignitor dimension and energy are dependent on different distribution of energy between the electrons and ions of ignitor plasma. If all the additional thermal energy is coupled to ignitor electrons the value of corresponding ignition energy is 3 ÷ 4 times as many as in the case of equal initial temperature of ignitor ions and electrons. The overcritical burn efficiency and target gain is practically independent on ignition origin and may be evaluated with a good accuracy by the simple asymptotic expression.
{"title":"Theoretical-numerical research of fast ignition in nondegenerate plasma at inertial fusion","authors":"D. V. Il'in, A. A. Levkovskii, S. Gus'kov, V. Rozanov, V. E. Sherman, A. Andreev, O. B. Vygovskii","doi":"10.1117/12.536766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.536766","url":null,"abstract":"By means of Monte-Carlo modeling of thermonuclear (TN) burn wave propagation in spherical laser deuterium-tritium targets criteria of fast ignition are elaborated and corresponding energy gain is evaluated. The critical ignitor parameters are calculated both for homogeneous and inhomogeneous targets with different parameters of main fuel. It is shown that in strong inhomogeneous target plasma the minimum values of required ignition energy could increase twice. Besides it is shown that critical values of ignitor dimension and energy are dependent on different distribution of energy between the electrons and ions of ignitor plasma. If all the additional thermal energy is coupled to ignitor electrons the value of corresponding ignition energy is 3 ÷ 4 times as many as in the case of equal initial temperature of ignitor ions and electrons. The overcritical burn efficiency and target gain is practically independent on ignition origin and may be evaluated with a good accuracy by the simple asymptotic expression.","PeriodicalId":340981,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115548304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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