Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600405
C. Regehr, G. Glancy
Societal and legal depictions of victims have historically been, and presently remain, constructed around the two poles of innocent maiden and designing woman. On the basis of these constructions it is determined who is eligible for protection under the law, who is punishable, who deserves social support and who should be scorned. These views permeate our society and effect not only the interested observers but also the behaviors and attitudes of the victims and offenders themselves. This article reviews the statements of victims and perpetrators of sexual assault and compares their descriptions of sexual assault and its aftermath with popular constructions.
{"title":"Rape or romance? Perspectives on sexual assault","authors":"C. Regehr, G. Glancy","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600405","url":null,"abstract":"Societal and legal depictions of victims have historically been, and presently remain, constructed around the two poles of innocent maiden and designing woman. On the basis of these constructions it is determined who is eligible for protection under the law, who is punishable, who deserves social support and who should be scorned. These views permeate our society and effect not only the interested observers but also the behaviors and attitudes of the victims and offenders themselves. This article reviews the statements of victims and perpetrators of sexual assault and compares their descriptions of sexual assault and its aftermath with popular constructions.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"23 2 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132713497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600401
B. Maletzky
A retrospective review of 4381 heterosexual and homosexual pedophiles treated in a community-based program produced preliminary evidence of factors associated with success or failure in treatment. Records of these offenders revealed a number of factors of importance in predicting treatment outcome, including victim and offender characteristics, offending behavior characteristics, and penile plethysmographic findings of deviant and normal sexual arousal. Results indicated that success in treatment was often associated with a minimum number of victims, familiarity and cohabitation with victims, an absence of force or threats employed in the crimes, admission of some responsibility for the offending incidents, and a stable history of employment and relationships with others. Plethysmograph findings confirmed the general impression that low pre-treatment deviant arousal was correlated with improvement. Surprisingly, duration and frequency of offending behaviors were not consistent predictors of treatment response. Limitations of the present study are noted and caution is advised in accepting these findings until corroborated by controlled research.
{"title":"Factors associated with success and failure in the behavioral and cognitive treatment of sexual offenders","authors":"B. Maletzky","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600401","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective review of 4381 heterosexual and homosexual pedophiles treated in a community-based program produced preliminary evidence of factors associated with success or failure in treatment. Records of these offenders revealed a number of factors of importance in predicting treatment outcome, including victim and offender characteristics, offending behavior characteristics, and penile plethysmographic findings of deviant and normal sexual arousal. Results indicated that success in treatment was often associated with a minimum number of victims, familiarity and cohabitation with victims, an absence of force or threats employed in the crimes, admission of some responsibility for the offending incidents, and a stable history of employment and relationships with others. Plethysmograph findings confirmed the general impression that low pre-treatment deviant arousal was correlated with improvement. Surprisingly, duration and frequency of offending behaviors were not consistent predictors of treatment response. Limitations of the present study are noted and caution is advised in accepting these findings until corroborated by controlled research.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128426908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600403
K. Furr
This paper reviews some of the literature on the prediction of violent or sexual recidivism among released sex offenders. Several prediction tools are examined. They are:Statistical Index of General Recidivism Scale, The Level of Supervision Inventory, The Risk Checklist for Child Molesters, The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, andThe Statistical Prediction of Violent Recidivism Instrument. It is concluded that it may be possible to obtain reasonably accurate predictions of sexual or violent re-offence among released violent sexual offenders usingThe Psychopathy Checklist-Revised andThe Statistical Prediction of Violent Recidivism Instrument. However, the applicability of these instruments to specific populations of sex offenders is yet to be demonstrated. Survival curves or expectancy tables are needed to adjust the predictions for shorter periods of time than are considered in the follow-up studies on which the tools have been based, and to resolve apparent discrepancies across studies. General observations are made about the factors which are predictive of re-offence when the offence type of the offender is controlled. Cautions are raised about the underestimation by acturial prediction of the true rate of re-offence and of the degree of harm which may be inflicted by sexual sadists or sexual murderers.
{"title":"Prediction of sexual or violent recidivism among sexual offenders: A comparison of prediction instruments","authors":"K. Furr","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600403","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews some of the literature on the prediction of violent or sexual recidivism among released sex offenders. Several prediction tools are examined. They are:Statistical Index of General Recidivism Scale, The Level of Supervision Inventory, The Risk Checklist for Child Molesters, The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, andThe Statistical Prediction of Violent Recidivism Instrument. It is concluded that it may be possible to obtain reasonably accurate predictions of sexual or violent re-offence among released violent sexual offenders usingThe Psychopathy Checklist-Revised andThe Statistical Prediction of Violent Recidivism Instrument. However, the applicability of these instruments to specific populations of sex offenders is yet to be demonstrated. Survival curves or expectancy tables are needed to adjust the predictions for shorter periods of time than are considered in the follow-up studies on which the tools have been based, and to resolve apparent discrepancies across studies. General observations are made about the factors which are predictive of re-offence when the offence type of the offender is controlled. Cautions are raised about the underestimation by acturial prediction of the true rate of re-offence and of the degree of harm which may be inflicted by sexual sadists or sexual murderers.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"2021 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125647793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Communication patterns in Indians: Verbal and non-verbal","authors":"C. Brant","doi":"10.1007/BF00856863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00856863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132995118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600404
J. Loftus, R. J. Camargo
Research methodology and initial findings are detailed for a large scale retrospective study of clergy sexual offenders seen over a 25 year period in a residential treatment facility. Some observations concerning treatment modalities found to be effective with this population are also advanced.
{"title":"Treating the clergy","authors":"J. Loftus, R. J. Camargo","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600404","url":null,"abstract":"Research methodology and initial findings are detailed for a large scale retrospective study of clergy sexual offenders seen over a 25 year period in a residential treatment facility. Some observations concerning treatment modalities found to be effective with this population are also advanced.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123066332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-07-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600303
S. M. Hudson, W. L. Marshall, D. Wales, E. McDonald, L. Bakker, A. McLean
The emotional recognition accuracy of sex offenders and various other groups was examined in two studies. Somewhat surprisingly, in Study 1 the violent nonsex offenders were the most emotionally sensitive and the most accurate at identifying the emotional state of others. In line with our hypotheses, however, both studies revealed relative deficits in emotional recognition among sex offenders. Contrary to expectations, the child molesters in Study 2 did not display greater deficits in judging the emotions of children relative to their judgments of adults, but they did poorly in judging both groups compared with community controls. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and clinical practice.
{"title":"Emotional recognition skills of sex offenders","authors":"S. M. Hudson, W. L. Marshall, D. Wales, E. McDonald, L. Bakker, A. McLean","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600303","url":null,"abstract":"The emotional recognition accuracy of sex offenders and various other groups was examined in two studies. Somewhat surprisingly, in Study 1 the violent nonsex offenders were the most emotionally sensitive and the most accurate at identifying the emotional state of others. In line with our hypotheses, however, both studies revealed relative deficits in emotional recognition among sex offenders. Contrary to expectations, the child molesters in Study 2 did not display greater deficits in judging the emotions of children relative to their judgments of adults, but they did poorly in judging both groups compared with community controls. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121155008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-07-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600305
K. Siminoski, J. Bain
To determine whether "folk myths" regarding the relationships of penile size to body height and foot size have any basis in fact, 63 normally virilized men were studied. Height and stretched penile length were measured; shoe size was recorded and converted to foot length. Penile length was found to be statistically related to both body height and foot length, but with weak correlation coefficients. Height and foot size would not serve as practical estimators of penis length.
{"title":"The relationships among height, penile length, and foot size","authors":"K. Siminoski, J. Bain","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600305","url":null,"abstract":"To determine whether \"folk myths\" regarding the relationships of penile size to body height and foot size have any basis in fact, 63 normally virilized men were studied. Height and stretched penile length were measured; shoe size was recorded and converted to foot length. Penile length was found to be statistically related to both body height and foot length, but with weak correlation coefficients. Height and foot size would not serve as practical estimators of penis length.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114354275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-07-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600302
G. Rogers, K. Renshaw
Covert communication between sex offenders and their child victims was examined. It was expected that sex offenders would acknowledge covert methods of communicating to their child victims (1) "an intent to molest" and (2) "a warning of silence". Data were gathered in open ended, self report format from a known group of child sexual offenders. Examination of the data revealed that a significant number of the participants acknowledged the utilization of covert methods of communicating to their child victims that they intended to molest them. The data further indicated that while 50% of the participants utilized overt methods of communicating a warning of silence to child victims, covert methods of communication were also used with significant frequency. The importance of the recognition of such covert communication is discussed in terms of protecting the child victim from post-disclosure revictimization; in the courtroom, in supervised or unsupervised visitation, and in reunification of the family.
{"title":"Covert communication between sex offenders and their child victims","authors":"G. Rogers, K. Renshaw","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600302","url":null,"abstract":"Covert communication between sex offenders and their child victims was examined. It was expected that sex offenders would acknowledge covert methods of communicating to their child victims (1) \"an intent to molest\" and (2) \"a warning of silence\". Data were gathered in open ended, self report format from a known group of child sexual offenders. Examination of the data revealed that a significant number of the participants acknowledged the utilization of covert methods of communicating to their child victims that they intended to molest them. The data further indicated that while 50% of the participants utilized overt methods of communicating a warning of silence to child victims, covert methods of communication were also used with significant frequency. The importance of the recognition of such covert communication is discussed in terms of protecting the child victim from post-disclosure revictimization; in the courtroom, in supervised or unsupervised visitation, and in reunification of the family.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127908370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-07-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600304
K. Kaufman, Daniel R. Hilliker, Patty Lathrop, E. Daleiden
Recent evidence suggests that child sexual offenders' self-report can provide a reliable source of information regarding offenders' use of threats and violence. However, the majority of studies in this area have specifically focused on coercion occurring within sexually abusive acts. The current investigation examined the accuracy of offenders' self-report regarding their use of threats and violence with child and adolescent victims during two time periods: (1) while attempting to secure victims' cooperation in sexual activities; and (2) while seeking to maintain victims' silence regarding the abuse. The responses of 16 offenders in an incarcerated treatment setting and 16 in an outpatient treatment program were compared with treatment staff's responses on an anonymous questionnaire. Findings generally indicated a high level of concordance between offender and staff reports. However, both groups of offenders significantly under-reported their use of threats and violence for both time periods. While some of the under-reported items reflected overt forms of violence (e.g., forced participation), the majority represented subtle, manipulative, and/or implied threats. Implications for future studies and clinical applications are discussed.
{"title":"Assessing child sexual offenders' modus operandi: Accuracy in self-reported use of threats and coercion","authors":"K. Kaufman, Daniel R. Hilliker, Patty Lathrop, E. Daleiden","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600304","url":null,"abstract":"Recent evidence suggests that child sexual offenders' self-report can provide a reliable source of information regarding offenders' use of threats and violence. However, the majority of studies in this area have specifically focused on coercion occurring within sexually abusive acts. The current investigation examined the accuracy of offenders' self-report regarding their use of threats and violence with child and adolescent victims during two time periods: (1) while attempting to secure victims' cooperation in sexual activities; and (2) while seeking to maintain victims' silence regarding the abuse. The responses of 16 offenders in an incarcerated treatment setting and 16 in an outpatient treatment program were compared with treatment staff's responses on an anonymous questionnaire. Findings generally indicated a high level of concordance between offender and staff reports. However, both groups of offenders significantly under-reported their use of threats and violence for both time periods. While some of the under-reported items reflected overt forms of violence (e.g., forced participation), the majority represented subtle, manipulative, and/or implied threats. Implications for future studies and clinical applications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116322273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-07-01DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600301
M. Seto, H. Barbaree
This study examined the effects of victim blame on sexual arousal to depictions of rape in 18 men from the community and 18 incarcerated rapists, providing the first test of the inhibition model of rape (Barbaree, Marshall, & Lanthier, 1979) using an identified population of sexually aggressive men. Rapists were expected to show a stronger effect of victim blame. It was also predicted that rapists would score as less empathic than nonrapists, and that empathy scores would be related to indices of deviant sexual arousal (Rice, Chaplin, Harris, & Coutts, 1993). Victim blame did not have an effect on sexual arousal to rape, in contrast to an earlier study using university students (Sundberg, Barbaree, & Marshall, 1991). Rapists scored as less empathic on the Hogan Empathy Scale (Hogan, 1969) but not the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972); this group difference disappeared when education was covaried. Post hoc analyses were conducted on file information for 16 rapists to identify directions for future research. Compared to men who raped women they knew (n=9), men who victimized strangers (n=7) were younger at the time of the index offense, of lower socioeconomic status, and showed relatively larger responses to rape in the high blame condition. Implications for the inhibition model of rape and future phallometric research are discussed.
{"title":"Victim blame and sexual arousal to rape cues in rapists and nonoffenders","authors":"M. Seto, H. Barbaree","doi":"10.1177/107906329300600301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107906329300600301","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of victim blame on sexual arousal to depictions of rape in 18 men from the community and 18 incarcerated rapists, providing the first test of the inhibition model of rape (Barbaree, Marshall, & Lanthier, 1979) using an identified population of sexually aggressive men. Rapists were expected to show a stronger effect of victim blame. It was also predicted that rapists would score as less empathic than nonrapists, and that empathy scores would be related to indices of deviant sexual arousal (Rice, Chaplin, Harris, & Coutts, 1993). Victim blame did not have an effect on sexual arousal to rape, in contrast to an earlier study using university students (Sundberg, Barbaree, & Marshall, 1991). Rapists scored as less empathic on the Hogan Empathy Scale (Hogan, 1969) but not the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972); this group difference disappeared when education was covaried. Post hoc analyses were conducted on file information for 16 rapists to identify directions for future research. Compared to men who raped women they knew (n=9), men who victimized strangers (n=7) were younger at the time of the index offense, of lower socioeconomic status, and showed relatively larger responses to rape in the high blame condition. Implications for the inhibition model of rape and future phallometric research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":340989,"journal":{"name":"Annals of sex research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127000518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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