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Working with learning disabled sex offenders 帮助有学习障碍的性犯罪者
Pub Date : 1993-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600205
R. Langevin, Scott C. Pope
Substantial numbers of sex offenders have a history of learning difficulties which may lead to resistance to treatment (a learning situation) and to problems processing information in therapy. Some ways of dealing with the learning disabled client are discussed, including a focus on their strengths and being open initially about the learning problems.
相当数量的性犯罪者有学习困难的历史,这可能导致对治疗的抵制(一种学习情况)和在治疗中处理信息的问题。讨论了一些处理学习障碍客户的方法,包括关注他们的优势和对学习问题的初步开放。
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引用次数: 22
The effect of polygraphy on the self report of adolescent sex offenders: Implications for risk assessment 测谎对青少年性犯罪者自我报告的影响:对风险评估的启示
Pub Date : 1993-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600201
Robert L. Emerick, W. Dutton
The present study examined three sources of assault history information for seventy-six "high risk" adolescent sexual offenders: collateral (victim statements, police reports, psychological examinations, etc.), clinical interviews, and confirmation polygraph testing. Chi Square analysis revealed significant differences between data retrieved by use of clinical polygraph examination and both of the other data sources. Selected assault history variables assumed to be relevant for pre-treatment decision making and for which significant differences were observed, include: number of victims, process of victim selection, degree of force used in the commission of offenses, use of pornography, and degree of intrusion. The number of female child victims assaulted by the offenders was demonstrated to be significantly related to the severity of pornography used as a stimulus while masturbating. These findings are discussed in terms of pre-treatment decision making and implications for future study of adolescent sexual offenders.
本研究调查了76名“高风险”青少年性犯罪者的三种侵犯史信息来源:附带材料(受害者陈述、警方报告、心理检查等)、临床访谈和确认性测谎测试。卡方分析显示,使用临床测谎仪和其他两种数据来源获得的数据之间存在显著差异。选定的攻击历史变量被认为与治疗前的决策有关,并且观察到显著的差异,包括:受害者人数,受害者选择过程,犯罪时使用武力的程度,色情作品的使用和入侵的程度。被侵犯的女性儿童受害者的数量被证明与在自慰时使用色情作为刺激的严重程度显著相关。本研究结果对青少年性犯罪者的治疗前决策及其对未来研究的启示进行了探讨。
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引用次数: 78
Self-reported reasons for offending behavior in child molesters 儿童猥亵者自我报告的犯罪行为原因
Pub Date : 1993-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600204
T. Ward, S. M. Hudson, K. France
Twenty-six incarcerated male child molesters were assessed, using the Four Attributional Dimension Scale (Benson, 1989), at three points (high risk situation, lapse, and relapse) while they listened to an audiotaped recording of a description of their most typical offence chain. Participants were also classified as either fixated or regressed according to age of onset of their offending, quality of the relationship with the victim, lifestyle issues, stress, and drug use. There was no significant change in types of reasons given for their offense related behavior across the three points assessed, although there was an increasing trend for sexual reasons to be reported over the offense chain. Independent of the point in the offence cycle, a significantly greater number of participants reported that sexual motivations were the primary reason for their behavior. After sexual motives, intimacy emerged as a major reason for sexual offending. Where two reasons were given for the offending related behavior by the same individual, sexual motives and intimacy were most commonly associated together. These data are interpreted in light of current theorizing.
使用四归因维度量表(Benson, 1989)对26名被监禁的男性儿童猥亵者进行了评估,在听取他们最典型的犯罪链描述的录音时,从三点(高风险情况,过失和复发)进行了评估。根据犯罪开始的年龄、与受害者的关系质量、生活方式问题、压力和药物使用情况,参与者也被分为固定型和退化型。在三个评估点上,他们的犯罪相关行为的原因类型没有明显变化,尽管在犯罪链上报告的性原因有增加的趋势。与犯罪周期中的点无关,更多的参与者报告说性动机是他们行为的主要原因。继性动机之后,亲密关系成为性犯罪的主要原因。当同一个人的犯罪行为有两个原因时,性动机和亲密关系最常被联系在一起。这些数据是根据目前的理论来解释的。
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引用次数: 26
The sensitivity of phallometric measures with rapists 色相测量对强奸犯的敏感性
Pub Date : 1993-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600203
Martin L. Lalumière, V. Quinsey
The sensitivity of phallometric measures with rapists was investigated using individual rape indices of rapists and non-sex offenders from 14 published and unpublished data sets.Sensitivity (the probability of detecting deviant sexual arousal among rapists) was determined by alternately setting thespecificity (the probability of not detecting deviant sexual arousal among non-sex offenders) at 70%, 80% or 90%. Eight data sets showed sensitivity values equal to, or greater than, 60% when specificity was set at 90%. Stimulus sets that contained more brutal and graphic descriptions of rape produced higher sensitivity values. A conservative rape index cut-off score of 1.0 seems optimal in that it yields moderate sensitivity values while minimizing the number of individuals who are falsely classified as presenting deviant sexual arousal. Conditions that may increase the sensitivity of phallometric assessments are presented and discussed.
利用14个已发表和未发表数据集的强奸犯和非性犯罪者的个体强奸指数,研究了色相测量对强奸犯的敏感性。敏感度(在强奸犯中检测到异常性唤起的概率)通过交替设置特异性(在非性犯罪者中未检测到异常性唤起的概率)在70%,80%或90%来确定。当特异性设置为90%时,8组数据显示敏感性值等于或大于60%。包含更多残酷和图形描述的强奸刺激集产生更高的敏感值。保守的强奸指数临界值为1.0似乎是最理想的,因为它产生适度的敏感性值,同时最大限度地减少被错误地归类为表现出异常性唤起的个体的数量。提出并讨论了可能增加光度法评价灵敏度的条件。
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引用次数: 58
The multidimensional sexuality questionnaire: An objective self-report measure of psychological tendencies associated with human sexuality 多维性问卷:与人类性行为相关的心理倾向的客观自我报告测量
Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600102
W. Snell, T. Fisher, A. S. Walters
The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and validate an objective self-report instrument, the Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ), designed to measure psychological tendencies associated with sexual relationships. Results indicated that the MSQ subscales had high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and were largely independent of social desirability tendencies. Other results indicated that women and men responded in unique ways to the MSQ, with women reporting greater sexual-fear and men reporting greater sexual-esteem, sexual-preoccupation, sexual-motivation, sexual-assertiveness, and external-sexual-control. Additional evidence for the concurrent, discriminant, and convergent validity of the MSQ was found: the MSQ was associated not only with women's and men's sexual attitudes and their exchange and communal approaches to sexual relations, but also with their scores on other instruments conceptually similar to the MSQ. Men's and women's sexual behaviors were also predictably related to their scores on the MSQ subscales. The discussion focuses on research and applied uses of the Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire.
本研究的目的是开发和验证一种客观的自我报告工具,多维性问卷(MSQ),旨在测量与性关系相关的心理倾向。结果表明,问卷具有较高的内部一致性和重测信度,且在很大程度上独立于社会期望倾向。其他结果表明,女性和男性对MSQ的反应方式不同,女性表现出更大的性恐惧,而男性表现出更大的性尊重、性关注、性动机、性自信和外在性控制。另外还发现了MSQ的并发效度、区别效度和收敛效度的证据:MSQ不仅与女性和男性的性态度以及他们对性关系的交换和共同方式有关,而且与他们在其他概念上与MSQ相似的工具上的得分有关。男性和女性的性行为也与他们在MSQ分量表上的得分有可预测的关系。讨论的重点是多维性问卷的研究和应用。
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引用次数: 230
A comparison of neuroendocrine and genetic factors in homosexuality and in pedophilia 同性恋和恋童癖的神经内分泌和遗传因素的比较
Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600104
R. Langevin
Homosexual (androphilic) and pedophilic men differ in a number of ways and two sets of differences are discussed in this presentation. Results from the literature suggests that there are neurological and endocrine abnormalities in pedophilia but not in androphilia. In contrast, some research suggests that homosexuality may have a genetic basis, whereas there is no evidence to date for a genetic factor in pedophilia.
同性恋者和恋童者在很多方面都不同,本演讲将讨论两组不同之处。文献结果表明,恋童癖患者有神经系统和内分泌异常,而男性恋童癖患者没有。相比之下,一些研究表明同性恋可能有遗传基础,而迄今为止没有证据表明恋童癖有遗传因素。
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引用次数: 4
Educating the public about homosexuality 对公众进行同性恋教育
Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600103
Margaret S. Schneider
Factors which result in the erroneous link between homosexuality and pedophilia are discussed. The author proposes that homosexuality is stigmatized because it is perceived to be a threat to prescribed gender roles. The accusation of pedophilia is one of the most effective aspects of homophobia and heterosexism which serves to stigmatize gays and lesbians. Educational strategies are proposed which will help correct misconceptions about homosexuality.
讨论了导致同性恋与恋童癖错误联系的因素。作者提出,同性恋被污名化是因为它被认为是对规定的性别角色的威胁。对恋童癖的指控是同性恋恐惧症和异性恋歧视最有效的方面之一,这有助于对同性恋者进行污名化。提出了有助于纠正对同性恋错误观念的教育策略。
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引用次数: 6
Sexual homicide in Canada: A descriptive analysis 加拿大的性谋杀:一个描述性分析
Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329300600101
Julian V. Roberts, Michelle G. Grossman
Several cases of sexual homicide over the past few years have generated widespread professional and public interest in the subject. At the same time, these incidents have provoked the federal government into introducing far-reaching proposals to give correctional authorities additional powers to detain inmates considered dangerous. Little quantitative research has addressed the issue of sexual homicide in Canada. In this article, the results of an analysis of a homicide data-base are presented. The focus is upon cases of homicide occurring during the commission of a sexual offence. This is the Criminal Code definition of sexual homicide. The results indicated that over the period 1974–1986, sexual homicides accounted for 4% of all homicides recorded by the police. There has been no change in the incidence of sexual homicide in recent years. However, the narrow definition of sexual homicide employed by Statistics Canada, along with the fact that a substantial percentage of homicides were of unknown motive, leads us to believe that the incidence of this crime is higher than the approximately 20 cases recorded annually in the homicide data-base. There has been a shift in the age profile of victims: almost half the victims in the period 1974–1976 were under 21. In the period 1961–1970, only 20% of victims were in this age category. The incidence of sexual homicide involving strangers is significantly higher than the incidence of homicide in general involving strangers. These and other results are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research in the area.
在过去的几年里,几起性杀人案件引起了广泛的专业和公众对这一主题的兴趣。与此同时,这些事件促使联邦政府提出影响深远的建议,赋予惩教当局更多的权力来拘留被认为危险的囚犯。很少有定量研究涉及加拿大的性杀人问题。在这篇文章中,给出了对一个凶杀数据库的分析结果。重点是在性犯罪期间发生的杀人案件。这是刑法对性谋杀的定义。结果表明,在1974-1986年期间,性杀人案件占警方记录的所有杀人案的4%。近年来,性杀人案件的发生率没有变化。然而,加拿大统计局对性杀人的狭义定义,以及相当大比例的杀人动机不明这一事实,使我们相信这种犯罪的发生率高于杀人数据库每年记录的大约20起案件。受害者的年龄有了变化:1974-1976年期间,几乎一半的受害者在21岁以下。在1961-1970年期间,只有20%的受害者在这个年龄段。涉及陌生人的性杀人案件的发生率明显高于一般涉及陌生人的杀人案件的发生率。讨论了这些和其他结果,并对该领域未来的研究提出了建议。
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引用次数: 59
Gender differences in college student sexual abuse victims and their offenders 大学生性虐待受害者及其施暴者的性别差异
Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329200500402
G. Fischer
A sample of 796 students in psychology classes completed an anonymous sex survey that included questions to identify sexual abuse victims (as children, teenagers, or adults) and their offenders. Most child sexual abuse was incestuous, with women students more likely to have been abused by a nuclear or non-nuclear family member, and men students were more likely to have been abused by a non-nuclear family member or family friend. Heterosexual abuse predominated in both genders, but more so in women (86%) than in men (64%). Homosexual child abuse predominated in males offended by a family friend and was common in women only when the offender was a babysitter. Though most child sexual abuse in college students was incestuous (59% of female and 38% of male child victims), the incidence of incestuous abuse was less than that found in a clinical sample (71% and 60%, respectively). On the other hand, college student male child victims were not abused at a younger age than female child victims, as has been reported in clinical samples. The latter finding may be spurious, a function of the inclusion of teenage victims in clinical samples, where females are over-represented. Cognitive predictors of teenage or adult sexual abuse were: uncertainty that forcible rape in a date rape vignette really was rape; a lesser tendency to blame the male perpetrator; and more accurate sexual knowledge. Child sexual abuse also was a predictor of teenage or adult sexual abuse, especially in women.
心理学班的796名学生完成了一项匿名性调查,其中包括识别性虐待受害者(儿童、青少年或成年人)和施暴者的问题。大多数儿童性虐待是乱伦,女学生更有可能被核心家庭成员或非核心家庭成员虐待,而男学生更有可能被非核心家庭成员或家庭朋友虐待。异性恋虐待在男女中都占主导地位,但女性(86%)多于男性(64%)。同性恋儿童虐待主要发生在被家庭朋友冒犯的男性身上,而在女性身上很常见,只有当罪犯是保姆时。虽然大学生中的大多数儿童性虐待是乱伦(59%的女性和38%的男性儿童受害者),但乱伦虐待的发生率低于临床样本(分别为71%和60%)。另一方面,正如在临床样本中报告的那样,大学生男性儿童受害者并不比女性儿童受害者更早受到虐待。后一项发现可能是虚假的,因为在临床样本中包括了青少年受害者,其中女性的比例过高。青少年或成人性虐待的认知预测因素是:不确定约会强奸小插图中的强制强奸是否真的是强奸;较少倾向于责怪男性犯罪者;以及更准确的性知识。儿童性虐待也是青少年或成人性虐待的预测指标,尤其是女性。
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引用次数: 15
The abstinence violation effect in regressed and fixated child molesters 退行性和固着性猥亵儿童者的戒断违反效应
Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/107906329200500401
S. M. Hudson, T. Ward, K. France
Twenty-six incarcerated male child molesters were assessed, using the Differential Emotions Scale and the 4-Attributional Dimension Scale, at three points (High Risk Situation, Lapse, and Relapse), while they listened to an audio-taped recording of a description of their most typical offense chain. Study participants were classified as either fixated or regressed according to age at onset of offending, quality of the relationship with the victim, lifestyle issues, stress, and drug use. There were no differences in the frequency with which fixated or regressed offenders experienced an abstinence violation effect (AVE), although five out of the seven of those experiencing this reaction at the point of lapsing, were regressed offenders, as were twelve out of eighteen at relapse. Fixated offenders reported more positive emotions (interest and joy) and less negative emotions (sadness, anger, disgust, hostility, fear, shame, shyness, and guilt) than regressed offenders. In addition, fixated participants perceived the cause of their offending behavior as being more stable than did regressed offenders. For men experiencing the AVE at relapse, those classified as fixated saw the cause of the relapse as more stable than did regressed cases. Fixated offenders who experienced an AVE at relapse saw its cause as more stable and global than the remaining fixated men, while regressed offenders showing an AVE reported no differences in their perception of cause from the remaining regressed cases. The significance of these results for theory and clinical practice are discussed.
研究人员对26名被监禁的男性猥亵儿童者进行了评估,使用差异情绪量表和4-归因维度量表,从三点(高风险情况、过失和复发)进行了评估,同时他们听了一段录音,描述了他们最典型的犯罪链。根据犯罪开始的年龄、与受害者的关系质量、生活方式问题、压力和药物使用情况,研究参与者被分为固定型和退化型。固着性犯罪者和退化性犯罪者经历违反戒断效应(AVE)的频率没有差异,尽管在犯案时经历这种反应的7人中有5人是退化性犯罪者,18人中有12人是复发性犯罪者。固定型犯罪者比回归型犯罪者报告了更多的积极情绪(兴趣和喜悦)和更少的消极情绪(悲伤、愤怒、厌恶、敌意、恐惧、羞耻、害羞和内疚)。此外,固定型参与者认为他们的犯罪行为的原因比回归型犯罪者更稳定。对于复发时经历AVE的男性,那些被归类为固定的人认为复发的原因比复发的人更稳定。在复发时经历过AVE的固定性犯罪者认为其原因比其他固定性犯罪者更稳定,更全面,而表现出AVE的回归犯罪者报告说,他们对原因的感知与其他回归案例没有差异。讨论了这些结果对理论和临床实践的意义。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Annals of sex research
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