Bone & Joint Open最新文献

Aims: With increasing demand for knee arthroplasties, innovative approaches like virtual consultations are gaining traction. This study assesses the feasibility of using virtual consultation as arthroplasty for in-person consultations in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Methods: This single-centre cohort study evaluated patients receiving virtual consultations as their primary contact and followed patients scheduled for primary TKA or medial UKA after virtual consultations as their sole preoperative contact between 1 January 2023 and 30 June 2023. Visitation criteria for virtual consultation were severe radiologically confirmed osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 3 and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade ≤ 2). Outcomes measured included the proportion of patients scheduled for surgery directly after virtual consultation and those requiring additional in-person consultations. Secondary outcomes included the completion of scheduled surgeries, conversion rates from UKA to TKA, and the proportion of patients successfully completing outpatient surgery.

Results: A total of 303 patients received virtual consultations, and 97 (32%) were directly scheduled for surgery. Overall, 123 patients (41%) required in-person consultations, while 83 patients (27%) were managed directly after virtual consultation without surgery. Among the directly scheduled surgeries, 82 (85%) proceeded without changes to the planned course. No perioperative conversions from UKA to TKA occurred. In total, 57 patients (70%) were eligible for outpatient surgery, and 41 of these (72%) successfully completed the course and were discharged on the day of surgery.

Conclusion: This study found it feasible to use virtual consultations as replacement for in-person consultations prior to knee arthroplasty surgery for a selected group of patients. Future research should explore patient safety and patient-reported outcomes to validate these findings.

Aims: While trochlear dysplasia is recognized as a key factor in patellar instability, its association with specific patellar fracture patterns remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between trochlear dysplasia and patellar fractures through morphological analysis.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study of 318 patients with acute patellar fractures (January to June 2021), preoperative CT scans were analyzed for trochlear dysplasia parameters: sulcus angle, trochlear depth, and lateral trochlear inclination. Fractures were classified using AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) criteria with emphasis on inferior pole involvement. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify morphological predictors of fracture type.

Results: Trochlear dysplasia was identified in 152 (47.80%) of patients, with a mean sulcus angle of 144.44° (SD 11.16°), trochlear depth of 4.43 mm (SD 1.33), and lateral trochlear inclination of 18.25° (SD 4.89°). Fractures classified as AO/OTA types A and C1.3 were more prevalent in patients with trochlear dysplasia. Logistic regression analysis showed that the sulcus angle significantly influenced the occurrence of the distal fractures (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% CI 1.111 to 1.187).

Conclusion: Trochlear dysplasia, particularly manifested by an increased sulcus angle, is significantly associated with distal patellar fractures. These findings highlight the importance of preoperative morphological assessment in predicting fracture patterns and tailoring clinical management.

Aims: The aims of this study are to identify the causes and independent risk factors for failure following revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre cohort study involving 963 patients who underwent RTHA between January 2016 and December 2021 across three French university hospitals, with a minimum follow-up of two years. Data collected included demographic details, revision rank (R1= first revision, R2= second revision, R ≥ 3=third or subsequent revision), surgical variables, complications, reoperations, re-revisions, and mortality. RTHA failure was defined as any reoperation or re-revision. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors for failure.

Results: The mean patient age was 72 years (14 to 104), with 55% of patients being female. The most common indications for RTHA were aseptic loosening (35.6%), periprosthetic fracture (32.0%), periprosthetic joint infection (PJI; 15.2%), and dislocation (5.7%). Failure occurred in 135 patients (14.0%), most frequently due to PJI (53%), of which 61% were new infections. Among patients revised for dislocation, recurrent instability accounted for 43.7% of failures. Most failures (70%) occurred within one year of revision. Independent risk factors included age ≥ 75 years (odds ratio (OR) 0.61), revision rank ≥ 3 (OR 1.96), PJI (OR 2.0), dislocation (OR 2.86), use of revision (OR 2.38), and constrained acetabular cups (OR 5.38).

Conclusion: Aseptic loosening remains the leading indication for revision surgery, while PJI is the principal cause of failure following RTHA, both as a new infection and as iterative failure. Recurrent dislocation continues to pose a complex challenge despite modern implant strategies, underscoring the need for meticulous surgical planning in high-risk patients.

Aims: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the setting of proximal femoral defects and poor bone stock often necessitates distal fixation using specialized implants, such as monolithic tapered, fluted titanium stems (TFTSs), to ensure adequate stability. This study evaluates the mid-term outcomes of TFTS in both primary and revision THA.

Methods: This was a multi-institutional retrospective review of patients who received monolithic TFTS between July 2016 and June 2020 during either complex primary THA or revision THA. Outcomes included pre-, intra- and postoperative characteristics, as well as five-year all-cause, septic and aseptic revisions, and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS, JR) at different postoperative timepoints.

Results: A total of 115 patients with a mean follow-up of 6.3 years (SD 1.2) were included. Femoral component survivorship free from aseptic revisions was 99.1% (95% CI 97.3 to 100) at 5.1 years after TFTS. Aseptic revision occurred in a single patient (0.9%) due to periprosthetic acetabular fracture that necessitated femoral component removal for exposure 60.6 months following TFTS. Survivorship from septic revisions was 93.2% (95% CI 91.5 to 99.9) at 5.3 years. Septic revisions included debridement, irrigation and exchange of modular components (n = 3, 2.6%), and two-stage revision arthroplasties (n = 4, 3.5%) at a mean of 27.7 months after surgery (1.5 to 63.9). All-cause survivorship from any revision was 92.4% (95% CI 90.5 to 100) at 5.3 years after TFTS. HOOS, JR scores improved from preoperative to five-year follow-up (46.1 (SD 20.8) to 83.8 (SD 19.0), respectively).

Conclusion: The TFTS demonstrates excellent mid-term survivorship (99.1% at five years) and significant clinical improvement in complex primary and revision THA. These outcomes suggest that the TFTS can be considered a valuable option in this challenging patient population.

Aims: Predictive modelling studies are increasingly popular, but the reporting quality in developing and validating these models remains suboptimal. This review aimed to evaluate the methodological quality of predictive models for patient-reported outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), identifying gaps in reporting and biases.

Methods: The review followed PRISMA guidelines, appraising studies that developed and/or validated multivariate predictive models. Methodological quality was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) tool, and reporting quality was evaluated using Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) guidelines. An electronic search was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL up to 29 May 2025 and several studies from expert recommendation. Studies involving adults (aged ≥ 18 years) undergoing elective primary or revision THA or TKA were included, while univariate analyses and literature reviews were excluded.

Results: The search identified 6,194 results, with 3,793 unique articles. A total of 58 studies were screened, and 41 were included. TRIPOD compliance ranged from 58% to 68%. Overall, 98% of studies had a low risk of bias in participant selection, but 83% showed a high risk of bias in analysis. Applicability concerns were low in 93% of studies.

Conclusion: The review reveals significant methodological limitations in predictive models for THA and TKA outcomes, especially in analysis. Improving adherence to reporting guidelines is essential for enhancing transparency and reliability, ultimately supporting better clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Aims: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects 0.2% to 0.5% of adolescents, often requiring bracing to reduce the risk of curve progression. While bracing is typically discontinued at skeletal maturity, significant curve progression can occur afterwards, potentially necessitating surgery. The Bracing AdoleScent Idiopathic Scoliosis (BASIS) 2 study, nested within the larger BASIS trial, aims to evaluate the efficacy of prolonged full-time and night-time bracing beyond skeletal maturity in reducing curve progression. The aim is to determine if six months of additional bracing at normal prescription, after skeletal maturity, significantly reduces curve progression and is acceptable to patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who were successfully treated with bracing.

Methods: This multicentre, prospective, parallel group, pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled superiority trial will recruit participants from the BASIS study who reach skeletal maturity with a curve < 50°. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to either continue bracing for six months or cease bracing immediately.

Outcomes: The primary outcome is curve progression from baseline to two years post-skeletal maturity. Secondary outcomes include radiological measures, patient bracing experience and any preferences, and cost-effectiveness. The sample size is estimated at 228 participants. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and to study participants.

Aims: Clubfoot (congenital talipes equinovarus) is a significant cause of childhood disability globally, with the highest burden in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa. The Ponseti method has emerged as the gold standard for treating clubfoot; however, evidence on its treatment outcomes across African nations remains scattered. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the overall and regional outcomes of the Ponseti method in Africa, focusing on success rate, relapse, treatment failure, brace non-compliance, and loss to follow-up.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, Lens.org, and Google Scholar from inception to 31 May 2025. Additional studies were identified through citation tracking using Citation Chaser. Studies reporting clinical outcomes of the Ponseti method in African populations were included. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed, and heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics and p-values.

Results: A total of 47 institution-based studies from 15 African countries involving 7,214 participants and 8,135 feet met the inclusion criteria. The overall success rate was 84.8% (95% CI 78.7 to 91.0) by participants and 83.5% (95% CI 78.9 to 88.2) by feet. Relapse was reported in 11.7% (95% CI 7.8 to 15.7) of participants and 12.6% (95% CI 9.3 to 15.9) of feet. Tenotomy was performed in 65.6% of participants and 59.5% of feet. Treatment failure affected 5.1% of feet. Loss to follow-up was 17.4%, and brace non-compliance occurred in 9.2% of patients. Subgroup analysis showed the highest success rate in West Africa (90%) and the lowest in East Africa (73%). Heterogeneity was substantial (I² > 85%).

Conclusion: The Ponseti method shows high effectiveness in African settings. However, relapse and follow-up issues remain key challenges. Hence, region-specific strategies are needed to improve long-term outcomes.

Aims: This study compares health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis (OA) and a propensity-matched general population cohort. We also aimed to clarify the relationship between BMI and postoperative improvements, mediated via preoperative HRQoL.

Methods: In this retrospective study using the Edinburgh Arthroplasty database (1 January 2013 to 31 December 2022; n = 3,495) and Health Survey for England data (2010 to 2012; n = 25,320), propensity score matching (1:1) was performed based on age, sex, and BMI. The primary outcome was EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) index score. Secondary outcomes included EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and mediation analysis examining how preoperative EQ-5D-3L mediated the relationship between BMI and postoperative improvement.

Results: Preoperatively, THA patients had significantly lower EQ-5D-3L scores compared with matched general population (median difference: 0.280, bootstrapped 95% CIs; 0.258 to 0.306; p < 0.001). At one-year follow-up, THA patients exceeded population norms (THA median: 0.814 vs general population: 0.796, p = 0.014). Patients aged > 85 years showed the greatest magnitude of improvements, restoring EQ-5D-3L scores equivalent with their age-matched general population peers (preoperative: 0.189 vs postoperative: 0.796, general population: 0.696). Mediation analysis revealed that BMI's negative direct effect on improvements in EQ-5D-3L was counterbalanced by stronger indirect effects transmitted through preoperative scores (indirect effects: obesity I (30 to 34.9 kg/m²): β = 0.038, p < 0.001; obesity II (35 to 39.9 kg/m²): β = 0.086, p < 0.001; obesity III (≥ 40 kg/m²): β = 0.123, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: THA was shown to restore HRQoL to that expected of a matched normal population, but in younger patients this was less than expected. Patients aged > 85 years had the greatest magnitude of restoration. Postoperative HRQoL improvement was predominantly influenced by preoperative functional status, rather than BMI alone. These findings challenge current BMI-based eligibility thresholds and support surgical prioritization based on functional impairment severity.

Aims: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the gold standard for treating symptomatic osteoid osteoma (OO), yet risk factors for recurrence and complications remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify predictors of recurrence and local complications following RFA.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of OO patients treated with RFA at two academic medical centres between January 2010 and December 2024 was conducted. Primary outcomes were recurrence, defined as the return of symptoms with radiological confirmation, and post-procedural complications. Secondary outcomes included clinical success (complete pain resolution) and technical success (procedure done according to protocol). Descriptive, univariable, multivariable, and survival analyses were performed, with a sub-analysis of anterior tibial lesions.

Results: A total of 272 patients were included. The median age was 20 years (IQR 16 to 26), and 189 of patients were male (69.5%). The most common locations for OO were the femur (41.9%, n = 114), tibia (26.5%, n = 72), and foot (11.4%, n = 31). The median tumour size was 7 mm (IQR 6 to 10) . Recurrence occurred in 5.5% (n = 15) of cases, with spinal location as a risk factor (odds ratio (OR) 6.22; p = 0.048). Complications were observed in 4% (n = 11) of patients, with increased risk in females (OR 5.17; p = 0.014) and those with tibial lesions (OR 13.23; p = 0.018). In tibial lesions, an anterior approach with the RFA probe was associated with a higher rate of wound infection (100% vs 0%; p = 0.028).

Conclusion: RFA is a highly effective treatment for OO, with low rates of recurrence and complications. The identified risk factors underscore the need for tailored treatment plans. Furthermore, the anterior tibial approach should consistently incorporate a soft-tissue buffer to minimize the risk of wound infection.

Aims: Newer disease-modifying agents (DMA) targeting the involved survival motor neurone genes (SMN1 and SMN2) associated with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have improved gross motor function, but their impact on postoperative outcomes after scoliosis correction remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative outcomes following scoliosis surgery, specifically analyzing the impact of functional level, genetic severity, and DMA use.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients with SMA (all types) who underwent scoliosis correction (growing rods (GR) or posterior spinal fusion (PSF)), with a minimum two-year postoperative follow-up. The primary outcome was 90-day postoperative complications by Clavien-Dindo (CD) grading. Secondary outcomes included age at surgery, SMA type, SMN2 copy number, Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded, forced vital capacity, DMA treatment (> one year duration, nusinersen/risdiplam/onosemnogene abeparvovec), intensive care unit (ICU)/hospital length of stay (LOS), days intubated, and curve correction.

Results: In total, 87 patients (60% female), SMA types 1 (29, 33%), 2 (47, 54%), and 3 (11, 13%), were included; follow-up duration was 6.8 years (SD 4.5). PSF was performed for 62 (71%) and GR for 23 (26%) at ages 12.0 (SD 2.4) and 6.2 (SD 2.9) years, respectively. For those with DMA treatment preoperatively, postoperative complications were less severe compared with no DMA use (CD 1 to 2/CD 3 to 5: 24 (100%)/0 (0%) vs 39 (65%)/21 (35%), respectively, p = 0.005) and ICU LOS (3.0 (SD 1.2) vs 4.7 (SD 4.7) days; p = 0.048), total hospital LOS (5.0 (SD 3.4) vs 7.8 (SD 4.8) days; p < 0.001), and days intubated (0.1 (SD 0.3) vs 1.8 (SD 2.3) days; p < 0.001) were less. DMA use was associated with no deterioration in pulmonary function (p = 0.094) compared with untreated patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Postoperative complications were less severe (CD 1 to 2) with preoperative DMA treatment. Coupled with DMA use, pulmonary function was stabilized after scoliosis surgery at almost seven years' follow-up. Improvements in hospital LOS and days intubated postoperatively are potential benefits of preoperative DMA treatment, serving to increase confidence to offering these major orthopaedic surgeries for patients with SMA. Improvements in outcomes may also reflect advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care over the study period. Further comparative studies are warranted to better isolate the specific impacts of DMA treatment.