首页 > 最新文献

Energy and AI最新文献

英文 中文
Optimizing catalyst layer composition of PEM fuel cell via machine learning: Insights from in-house experimental data 通过机器学习优化 PEM 燃料电池催化剂层的组成:内部实验数据的启示
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100439
The catalyst layer (CL) is a pivotal component of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, exerting a significant impact on both performance and durability. Its ink composition can be succinctly characterized by platinum (Pt) loading, Pt/carbon ratio, and ionomer/carbon ratio. The amount of each substance within the CL must be meticulously balanced to achieve optimal operation. In this work, we apply an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to forecast the performance and durability of a PEM fuel cell based on its cathode CL composition. The model is trained and validated based on experimental data measured at our laboratories, which consist of data from 49 fuel cells, detailing their cathode CL composition, operating conditions, accelerated stress test conditions, polarization curves and ECSA measurements throughout their lifespan. The presented ANN model demonstrates exceptional reliability in predicting PEM fuel cell behavior for both beginning and end of life. This allows for a deeper understanding of the influence of each input on performance and durability. Furthermore, the model can be effectively applied to optimize the CL composition. This paper demonstrates the immense potential of AI, combined with a high-quality database, to advance fuel cell research.
催化剂层(CL)是质子交换膜(PEM)燃料电池的重要组成部分,对性能和耐用性都有重大影响。其油墨成分可通过铂(Pt)含量、铂/碳比率和离子聚合物/碳比率来简明描述。CL 中每种物质的含量都必须精确平衡,以达到最佳运行状态。在这项工作中,我们应用人工神经网络(ANN)模型,根据阴极 CL 的成分预测 PEM 燃料电池的性能和耐用性。该模型是根据我们实验室测量的实验数据进行训练和验证的,其中包括 49 个燃料电池的数据,详细说明了其阴极 CL 成分、运行条件、加速应力测试条件、极化曲线和整个寿命期间的 ECSA 测量结果。所介绍的 ANN 模型在预测 PEM 燃料电池寿命开始和结束时的行为方面都表现出了极高的可靠性。这样就能更深入地了解每项输入对性能和耐用性的影响。此外,该模型还能有效地用于优化 CL 成分。本文展示了人工智能与高质量数据库相结合在推动燃料电池研究方面的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Optimizing catalyst layer composition of PEM fuel cell via machine learning: Insights from in-house experimental data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The catalyst layer (CL) is a pivotal component of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, exerting a significant impact on both performance and durability. Its ink composition can be succinctly characterized by platinum (Pt) loading, Pt/carbon ratio, and ionomer/carbon ratio. The amount of each substance within the CL must be meticulously balanced to achieve optimal operation. In this work, we apply an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to forecast the performance and durability of a PEM fuel cell based on its cathode CL composition. The model is trained and validated based on experimental data measured at our laboratories, which consist of data from 49 fuel cells, detailing their cathode CL composition, operating conditions, accelerated stress test conditions, polarization curves and ECSA measurements throughout their lifespan. The presented ANN model demonstrates exceptional reliability in predicting PEM fuel cell behavior for both beginning and end of life. This allows for a deeper understanding of the influence of each input on performance and durability. Furthermore, the model can be effectively applied to optimize the CL composition. This paper demonstrates the immense potential of AI, combined with a high-quality database, to advance fuel cell research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel optimization framework for natural gas transportation pipeline networks based on deep reinforcement learning 基于深度强化学习的天然气运输管道网络新型优化框架
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100434
Natural gas is an emerging and reliable energy source in transition to a low-carbon economy. The natural gas transportation pipeline network systems are crucial when transporting natural gas from the production endpoints to processing or consuming endpoints. Optimizing the operational efficiency of compressor stations within pipeline networks is an effective way to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions during transportation. This paper proposes an optimization framework for natural gas transportation pipeline networks based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The mathematical simulation model is derived from mass balance, hydrodynamics principles of gas flow, and compressor characteristics. The optimization control problem in steady state is formulated into a one-step Markov decision process (MDP) and solved by DRL. The decision variables are selected as the discharge ratio of each compressor. By the comprehensive comparison with dynamic programming (DP) and genetic algorithm (GA) in three typical element topologies (a linear topology with gun-barrel structure, a linear topology with branch structure, and a tree topology), the proposed method can obtain 4.60% lower power consumption than GA, and the time consumption is reduced by 97.5% compared with DP. The proposed framework could be further utilized for future large-scale network optimization practices.
在向低碳经济转型的过程中,天然气是一种新兴的可靠能源。将天然气从生产终端输送到加工或消费终端,天然气运输管网系统至关重要。优化管网中压缩机站的运行效率是减少运输过程中能源消耗和碳排放的有效途径。本文提出了一种基于深度强化学习(DRL)的天然气运输管网优化框架。数学模拟模型源于质量平衡、气体流动的流体力学原理和压缩机特性。稳态优化控制问题被表述为一步马尔可夫决策过程(MDP),并通过 DRL 进行求解。决策变量选择为每台压缩机的排气比。通过与动态编程(DP)和遗传算法(GA)在三种典型元件拓扑结构(炮筒结构线性拓扑、分支结构线性拓扑和树形拓扑)中的综合比较,所提出的方法比 GA 的功耗低 4.60%,比 DP 的时间消耗减少 97.5%。提出的框架可进一步用于未来的大规模网络优化实践。
{"title":"A novel optimization framework for natural gas transportation pipeline networks based on deep reinforcement learning","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas is an emerging and reliable energy source in transition to a low-carbon economy. The natural gas transportation pipeline network systems are crucial when transporting natural gas from the production endpoints to processing or consuming endpoints. Optimizing the operational efficiency of compressor stations within pipeline networks is an effective way to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions during transportation. This paper proposes an optimization framework for natural gas transportation pipeline networks based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The mathematical simulation model is derived from mass balance, hydrodynamics principles of gas flow, and compressor characteristics. The optimization control problem in steady state is formulated into a one-step Markov decision process (MDP) and solved by DRL. The decision variables are selected as the discharge ratio of each compressor. By the comprehensive comparison with dynamic programming (DP) and genetic algorithm (GA) in three typical element topologies (a linear topology with gun-barrel structure, a linear topology with branch structure, and a tree topology), the proposed method can obtain 4.60% lower power consumption than GA, and the time consumption is reduced by 97.5% compared with DP. The proposed framework could be further utilized for future large-scale network optimization practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring public attention in the circular economy through topic modelling with twin hyperparameter optimisation 通过双参数优化的主题建模探索循环经济中的公众关注度
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100433
To advance the circular economy (CE), it is crucial to gain insights into the evolution of public attention, cognitive pathways related to circular products, and key public concerns. To achieve these objectives, we collected data from diverse platforms, including Twitter, Reddit, and The Guardian, and utilised three topic models to analyse the data. Given the performance of topic modelling may vary depending on hyperparameter settings, we proposed a novel framework that integrates twin (single- and multi-objective) hyperparameter optimisation for CE analysis. Systematic experiments were conducted to determine appropriate hyperparameters under different constraints, providing valuable insights into the correlations between CE and public attention. Our findings reveal that economic implications of sustainability and circular practices, particularly around recyclable materials and environmentally sustainable technologies, remain a significant public concern. Topics related to sustainable development and environmental protection technologies are particularly prominent on The Guardian, while Twitter discussions are comparatively sparse. These insights highlight the importance of targeted education programmes, business incentives adopt CE practices, and stringent waste management policies alongside improved recycling processes.
为了推动循环经济(CE)的发展,深入了解公众注意力的演变、与循环产品相关的认知路径以及公众的主要关注点至关重要。为了实现这些目标,我们从 Twitter、Reddit 和《卫报》等不同平台收集数据,并利用三种话题模型对数据进行分析。鉴于话题模型的性能可能因超参数设置的不同而有所差异,我们提出了一个新颖的框架,将双(单目标和多目标)超参数优化整合到消费电子分析中。我们进行了系统性实验,以确定不同约束条件下的适当超参数,从而为了解行政首长协调会与公众关注度之间的相关性提供了有价值的见解。我们的研究结果表明,可持续发展和循环实践的经济影响,特别是围绕可回收材料和环境可持续技术的经济影响,仍然是公众关注的一个重要问题。与可持续发展和环保技术相关的话题在《卫报》上尤为突出,而推特上的讨论则相对稀少。这些见解凸显了有针对性的教育计划、商业激励措施、严格的废物管理政策以及改进的回收流程的重要性。
{"title":"Exploring public attention in the circular economy through topic modelling with twin hyperparameter optimisation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To advance the circular economy (CE), it is crucial to gain insights into the evolution of public attention, cognitive pathways related to circular products, and key public concerns. To achieve these objectives, we collected data from diverse platforms, including Twitter, Reddit, and The Guardian, and utilised three topic models to analyse the data. Given the performance of topic modelling may vary depending on hyperparameter settings, we proposed a novel framework that integrates twin (single- and multi-objective) hyperparameter optimisation for CE analysis. Systematic experiments were conducted to determine appropriate hyperparameters under different constraints, providing valuable insights into the correlations between CE and public attention. Our findings reveal that economic implications of sustainability and circular practices, particularly around recyclable materials and environmentally sustainable technologies, remain a significant public concern. Topics related to sustainable development and environmental protection technologies are particularly prominent on The Guardian, while Twitter discussions are comparatively sparse. These insights highlight the importance of targeted education programmes, business incentives adopt CE practices, and stringent waste management policies alongside improved recycling processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive control systems for dual axis tracker using clear sky index and output power forecasting based on ML in overcast weather conditions 在阴霾天气条件下,利用晴空指数和基于 ML 的输出功率预测,为双轴跟踪器提供自适应控制系统
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100432
The use of artificial intelligence in renewable energy systems increases energy generation and improves energy system management. The control system of many solar trackers is designed for maximum radiation power conditions and shows decent performance indicators, but during rapidly changing weather conditions or cloudy days, the performance of the solar trackers is reduced due to moving parts and low irradiance. Some studies show that the horizontal configuration produces more energy with scattered solar radiation than solar tracking systems. This work shows the possibility of using solar tracking systems under different weather conditions and cloudy days. To achieve the goals, a new adaptive control system for dual-axis solar trackers with astronomical tracking was developed, which differs from traditional controls in the use of horizontal configurations under certain weather conditions. The assessment of spatio-temporal weather conditions was carried out using the Clear Sky Index (CSI) and was complemented by forecasting the panel's power output. The study found that at 0.4 CSI values, the horizontal configuration exhibits higher power output than solar tracking systems, providing the potential to use the threshold for adaptive control. The developed system is more efficient by 18.3 %, 14.9 %, and 10.01 % than the horizontal configuration, single-axis, and dual-axis solar trackers.
人工智能在可再生能源系统中的应用提高了能源发电量,改善了能源系统管理。许多太阳能跟踪器的控制系统都是针对最大辐射功率条件设计的,性能指标还算不错,但在天气条件急剧变化或阴天时,由于运动部件和低辐照度,太阳能跟踪器的性能就会下降。一些研究表明,与太阳能跟踪系统相比,水平配置的散射太阳辐射能产生更多能量。这项工作展示了在不同天气条件和阴天下使用太阳能跟踪系统的可能性。为了实现这些目标,我们为具有天文跟踪功能的双轴太阳能跟踪器开发了一种新的自适应控制系统,该系统在特定天气条件下使用水平配置方面不同于传统的控制系统。利用晴空指数(CSI)对时空天气条件进行了评估,并对太阳能电池板的功率输出进行了预测。研究发现,在 CSI 值为 0.4 时,水平配置显示出比太阳能跟踪系统更高的功率输出,为利用阈值进行自适应控制提供了可能性。与水平配置、单轴和双轴太阳能跟踪器相比,所开发系统的效率分别提高了 18.3%、14.9% 和 10.01%。
{"title":"Adaptive control systems for dual axis tracker using clear sky index and output power forecasting based on ML in overcast weather conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of artificial intelligence in renewable energy systems increases energy generation and improves energy system management. The control system of many solar trackers is designed for maximum radiation power conditions and shows decent performance indicators, but during rapidly changing weather conditions or cloudy days, the performance of the solar trackers is reduced due to moving parts and low irradiance. Some studies show that the horizontal configuration produces more energy with scattered solar radiation than solar tracking systems. This work shows the possibility of using solar tracking systems under different weather conditions and cloudy days. To achieve the goals, a new adaptive control system for dual-axis solar trackers with astronomical tracking was developed, which differs from traditional controls in the use of horizontal configurations under certain weather conditions. The assessment of spatio-temporal weather conditions was carried out using the Clear Sky Index (CSI) and was complemented by forecasting the panel's power output. The study found that at 0.4 CSI values, the horizontal configuration exhibits higher power output than solar tracking systems, providing the potential to use the threshold for adaptive control. The developed system is more efficient by 18.3 %, 14.9 %, and 10.01 % than the horizontal configuration, single-axis, and dual-axis solar trackers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Supporting energy policy research with large language models: A case study in wind energy siting ordinances 用大型语言模型支持能源政策研究:风能选址条例案例研究
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100431
The recent growth in renewable energy development in the United States has been accompanied by a simultaneous surge in renewable energy siting ordinances. These zoning laws play a critical role in dictating the placement of wind and solar resources that are critical for achieving low-carbon energy futures. In this context, efficient access to and management of siting ordinance data becomes imperative. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) recently introduced a public wind and solar siting database to fill this need. This paper presents a method for harnessing Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the extraction of these siting ordinances from legal documents, enabling this database to maintain accurate up-to-date information in the rapidly changing energy policy landscape. A novel contribution of this research is the integration of a decision tree framework with LLMs. Our results show that this approach is 85 to 90 % accurate with outputs that can be used directly in downstream quantitative modeling. We discuss opportunities to use this work to support similar large-scale policy research in the energy sector. By unlocking new efficiencies in the extraction and analysis of legal documents using LLMs, this study enables a path forward for automated large-scale energy policy research.
最近,美国可再生能源开发的增长伴随着可再生能源选址条例的同时激增。这些分区法在决定风能和太阳能资源的位置方面发挥着至关重要的作用,而风能和太阳能资源对于实现低碳能源的未来至关重要。在这种情况下,有效地获取和管理选址条例数据变得势在必行。美国国家可再生能源实验室(NREL)最近推出了一个公共风能和太阳能选址数据库,以满足这一需求。本文介绍了一种利用大型语言模型 (LLM) 从法律文件中自动提取这些选址条例的方法,从而使该数据库能够在瞬息万变的能源政策环境中保持准确的最新信息。这项研究的一个新贡献是将决策树框架与 LLMs 相结合。我们的研究结果表明,这种方法的准确率在 85% 到 90% 之间,其输出结果可直接用于下游定量建模。我们讨论了利用这项工作支持能源领域类似大规模政策研究的机会。通过利用 LLMs 提高法律文件提取和分析的效率,本研究为自动化大规模能源政策研究开辟了一条前进之路。
{"title":"Supporting energy policy research with large language models: A case study in wind energy siting ordinances","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent growth in renewable energy development in the United States has been accompanied by a simultaneous surge in renewable energy siting ordinances. These zoning laws play a critical role in dictating the placement of wind and solar resources that are critical for achieving low-carbon energy futures. In this context, efficient access to and management of siting ordinance data becomes imperative. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) recently introduced a public wind and solar siting database to fill this need. This paper presents a method for harnessing Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the extraction of these siting ordinances from legal documents, enabling this database to maintain accurate up-to-date information in the rapidly changing energy policy landscape. A novel contribution of this research is the integration of a decision tree framework with LLMs. Our results show that this approach is 85 to 90 % accurate with outputs that can be used directly in downstream quantitative modeling. We discuss opportunities to use this work to support similar large-scale policy research in the energy sector. By unlocking new efficiencies in the extraction and analysis of legal documents using LLMs, this study enables a path forward for automated large-scale energy policy research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization of modeling and temperature control of air-cooled PEMFC based on TLBO-DE 基于 TLBO-DE 的风冷 PEMFC 建模和温度控制优化
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100430
The temperature control of the air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is important for effective and safe operation. To develop a practical and precise controller, this study combines the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network with Back Propagation neural network adaptive Proportion Integration Differentiation (BP-PID), and then a metaheuristic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of RBF-BP-PID for further improvement in temperature control. First, an air-cooled PEMFC system model is established. To match the simulation data with the experimental data, Teaching Learning Based Optimization–Differential Evolution (TLBO-DE) is proposed to identify the unknown parameters, and the maximum relative error is <3.5 %. Second, RBF neural network is introduced to identify the stack temperature and provide the accurate y(k)u(k) for BP-PID, which solves the problem of using sign function sgn(y(k)u(k)) to approximate the y(k)u(k) in BP-PID. Regarding the temperature control of air-cooled PEMFC, several controllers are compared, including PID, Fuzzy-PID, BP-PID and RBF-BP-PID. The proposed RBF-BP-PID achieves the best control effect, which reduces the integrated time and absolute error (ITAE) by 3.4 % and 15.8 % based on BP-PID in the startup and steady phases, respectively. Since the y(k)u(k) provided by RBF changes softly and continuously during the control process, the parameters self-tuning ability of RBF-BP-PID is better than BP-PID. Third, to improve the control effect of RBF-BP-PID further, TLBO-DE is adopted to optimize the parameters of RBF neural network and BP neural network.
空气冷却质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的温度控制对于有效和安全运行非常重要。为了开发实用且精确的控制器,本研究将径向基函数(RBF)神经网络与反向传播神经网络自适应比例积分微分(BP-PID)相结合,然后使用元启发式算法优化 RBF-BP-PID 的参数,以进一步改善温度控制。首先,建立了风冷 PEMFC 系统模型。为使仿真数据与实验数据相匹配,提出了基于教学的优化-差分进化算法(TLBO-DE)来识别未知参数,其最大相对误差为 <3.5%。其次,引入 RBF 神经网络识别烟囱温度,为 BP-PID 提供精确的∂y(k)∂u(k),解决了 BP-PID 中使用符号函数 sgn(∂y(k)∂u(k)) 近似∂y(k)∂u(k)的问题。关于风冷 PEMFC 的温度控制,比较了几种控制器,包括 PID、Fuzzy-PID、BP-PID 和 RBF-BP-PID。所提出的 RBF-BP-PID 控制效果最好,在启动和稳定阶段,它比 BP-PID 分别减少了 3.4 % 和 15.8 % 的综合时间和绝对误差(ITAE)。由于 RBF 提供的∂y(k)∂u(k)在控制过程中变化柔和且连续,因此 RBF-BP-PID 的参数自整定能力优于 BP-PID。第三,为进一步提高 RBF-BP-PID 的控制效果,采用 TLBO-DE 对 RBF 神经网络和 BP 神经网络的参数进行优化。
{"title":"Optimization of modeling and temperature control of air-cooled PEMFC based on TLBO-DE","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The temperature control of the air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is important for effective and safe operation. To develop a practical and precise controller, this study combines the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network with Back Propagation neural network adaptive Proportion Integration Differentiation (BP-PID), and then a metaheuristic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of RBF-BP-PID for further improvement in temperature control. First, an air-cooled PEMFC system model is established. To match the simulation data with the experimental data, Teaching Learning Based Optimization–Differential Evolution (TLBO-DE) is proposed to identify the unknown parameters, and the maximum relative error is &lt;3.5 %. Second, RBF neural network is introduced to identify the stack temperature and provide the accurate <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mi>u</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></span> for BP-PID, which solves the problem of using sign function sgn(<span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mi>u</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></span>) to approximate the <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mi>u</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></span> in BP-PID. Regarding the temperature control of air-cooled PEMFC, several controllers are compared, including PID, Fuzzy-PID, BP-PID and RBF-BP-PID. The proposed RBF-BP-PID achieves the best control effect, which reduces the integrated time and absolute error (ITAE) by 3.4 % and 15.8 % based on BP-PID in the startup and steady phases, respectively. Since the <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mi>u</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></span> provided by RBF changes softly and continuously during the control process, the parameters self-tuning ability of RBF-BP-PID is better than BP-PID. Third, to improve the control effect of RBF-BP-PID further, TLBO-DE is adopted to optimize the parameters of RBF neural network and BP neural network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distributed decision making for unmanned aerial vehicle inspection with limited energy constraint 能源有限的无人飞行器巡检分布式决策
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100429
The unsatisfactory energy density of the state-of-art batteries imposes constraints on the practical application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Establishing a UAV airport network that integrates energy supply and information exchange functionalities represents an ideal solution for enabling synergistic UAV operations. However, devising efficient distribution protocols for these airports remains a challenge. By leveraging modeling and analysis of the energy density of existing UAV batteries, we can forecast the flight range and distances achievable by UAVs. Here, we propose a distribution protocol for UAV airport platforms aimed at enhancing distribution accuracy by the use of AI principles. Furthermore, considering the possibility of emergency UAV stop, we introduce an emergency stop system in conjunction with standard stopping procedures to optimize distribution efficiency and enhance UAV inspection safety. Moreover, existing UAV airports usually provide energy to UAVs without harnessing UAVs to facilitate interconnection and interoperability among different airports. This inefficiency leads to significant resource wastage in energy distribution. To address this, we introduce a shared energy network that allows different companies to operate according to energy distribution needs. This network not only supplies energy to UAVs but also employs UAVs for energy collection and transportation, facilitating energy trading, business collaboration, and data transmission among diverse organizations. By enabling ubiquitous energy trading, this study provides us an ideal strategy for the future construction of energy network with interconnection and interoperability, which can be extended to other applications calling for energy distribution.
最先进电池的能量密度不尽人意,制约了无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)的实际应用。建立集能源供应和信息交换功能于一体的无人机机场网络是实现无人机协同运行的理想解决方案。然而,为这些机场设计高效的分配协议仍然是一项挑战。通过对现有无人机电池能量密度的建模和分析,我们可以预测无人机的飞行范围和可达到的距离。在此,我们提出了一种无人机机场平台分配协议,旨在利用人工智能原理提高分配精度。此外,考虑到无人机紧急停机的可能性,我们结合标准停机程序引入了紧急停机系统,以优化分配效率并提高无人机巡查安全性。此外,现有的无人机机场通常为无人机提供能源,而没有利用无人机促进不同机场之间的互联互通。这种低效率导致能源分配中的大量资源浪费。为解决这一问题,我们引入了一个共享能源网络,允许不同公司根据能源分配需求进行运营。该网络不仅为无人机提供能源,还利用无人机收集和运输能源,促进不同组织之间的能源交易、业务协作和数据传输。通过实现无处不在的能源交易,这项研究为我们提供了一种理想的策略,有助于未来构建具有互联互通功能的能源网络,并可将其扩展到其他需要能源分配的应用领域。
{"title":"Distributed decision making for unmanned aerial vehicle inspection with limited energy constraint","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unsatisfactory energy density of the state-of-art batteries imposes constraints on the practical application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Establishing a UAV airport network that integrates energy supply and information exchange functionalities represents an ideal solution for enabling synergistic UAV operations. However, devising efficient distribution protocols for these airports remains a challenge. By leveraging modeling and analysis of the energy density of existing UAV batteries, we can forecast the flight range and distances achievable by UAVs. Here, we propose a distribution protocol for UAV airport platforms aimed at enhancing distribution accuracy by the use of AI principles. Furthermore, considering the possibility of emergency UAV stop, we introduce an emergency stop system in conjunction with standard stopping procedures to optimize distribution efficiency and enhance UAV inspection safety. Moreover, existing UAV airports usually provide energy to UAVs without harnessing UAVs to facilitate interconnection and interoperability among different airports. This inefficiency leads to significant resource wastage in energy distribution. To address this, we introduce a shared energy network that allows different companies to operate according to energy distribution needs. This network not only supplies energy to UAVs but also employs UAVs for energy collection and transportation, facilitating energy trading, business collaboration, and data transmission among diverse organizations. By enabling ubiquitous energy trading, this study provides us an ideal strategy for the future construction of energy network with interconnection and interoperability, which can be extended to other applications calling for energy distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
VA-Creator—A Virtual Appliance Creator based on adaptive Neural Networks to generate synthetic power consumption patterns VA-Creator - 基于自适应神经网络生成合成功耗模式的虚拟设备创建器
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100427

With the advent of the Smart Home domain and the increasingly widespread application of Machine Learning (ML), obtaining power consumption data is becoming more and more important. Collecting real-world energy data using sensors is time consuming, expensive, error-prone and in some situations not possible. Therefore, we present the VA-Creator, a framework to create Virtual Appliances (VAs). These VAs synthesize power consumption patterns (PCPs) based on Neural Networks (NNs) which adapt their architecture to the training data structure to simplify the creation of new VAs. To be able to generate all appliance types available in a typical household we use various kinds of NN, including Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs), Long Short-Term Memorys (LSTMs) and a specific Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) as well as different ML techniques such as XGBoost, selecting the appropriate technique depending on each appliance’s characteristics. We then compare the results of the ML models against real data and evaluate them by using Dynamic time Warping (DTW) as well as the classification performance of an MLP discriminator as metrics. Additionally, to ensure that the VAs allow to meaningfully train ML models, we use them to generate synthetic data and then train Non intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) models in an extensive evaluation. The presented evaluation provides evidence that the VA models produce realistic and meaningful results.

随着智能家居领域的出现和机器学习(ML)应用的日益广泛,获取能耗数据变得越来越重要。使用传感器收集真实世界的能耗数据耗时长、成本高、容易出错,而且在某些情况下根本无法实现。因此,我们提出了虚拟设备创建器,这是一个创建虚拟设备(VA)的框架。这些虚拟电器基于神经网络(NN)合成功耗模式(PCP),而神经网络的架构则根据训练数据结构进行调整,从而简化了新虚拟电器的创建过程。为了能够生成典型家庭中的所有电器类型,我们使用了各种类型的 NN,包括多层感知器 (MLP)、长短期记忆 (LSTM) 和特定的生成对抗网络 (GAN),以及不同的 ML 技术(如 XGBoost),并根据每种电器的特性选择合适的技术。然后,我们将 ML 模型的结果与真实数据进行比较,并使用动态时间扭曲(DTW)以及 MLP 识别器的分类性能作为指标对其进行评估。此外,为了确保虚拟机构能够有意义地训练 ML 模型,我们使用虚拟机构生成合成数据,然后在广泛的评估中训练非侵入式负载监控(NILM)模型。所提交的评估证明,VA 模型能产生真实而有意义的结果。
{"title":"VA-Creator—A Virtual Appliance Creator based on adaptive Neural Networks to generate synthetic power consumption patterns","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the advent of the Smart Home domain and the increasingly widespread application of Machine Learning (ML), obtaining power consumption data is becoming more and more important. Collecting real-world energy data using sensors is time consuming, expensive, error-prone and in some situations not possible. Therefore, we present the VA-Creator, a framework to create Virtual Appliances (VAs). These VAs synthesize power consumption patterns (PCPs) based on Neural Networks (NNs) which adapt their architecture to the training data structure to simplify the creation of new VAs. To be able to generate all appliance types available in a typical household we use various kinds of NN, including Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs), Long Short-Term Memorys (LSTMs) and a specific Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) as well as different ML techniques such as XGBoost, selecting the appropriate technique depending on each appliance’s characteristics. We then compare the results of the ML models against real data and evaluate them by using Dynamic time Warping (DTW) as well as the classification performance of an MLP discriminator as metrics. Additionally, to ensure that the VAs allow to meaningfully train ML models, we use them to generate synthetic data and then train Non intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) models in an extensive evaluation. The presented evaluation provides evidence that the VA models produce realistic and meaningful results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666546824000934/pdfft?md5=7a1899b5d91ed06095525435800ee68a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666546824000934-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep learning from three-dimensional lithium-ion battery multiphysics model part I: Data development 三维锂离子电池多物理场模型的深度学习 I 部分:数据开发
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100428
Fast growing demands for electric vehicles require better longevity, safety and reliability for next-generation high-energy battery technologies. A data-centered battery management system is thus desired to interpret complex battery data and make decisions for properly managing multi-physics battery dynamics. Nowadays, Battery informatics are emerging as promising solutions by leveraging advanced machine learning tools to deliver accurate prediction of battery performance, health and safety, but is hurdled by a scarcity of data. To mitigate this issue, this study presents one of the first studies for data development through both experimental studies and three-dimensional (3-D) multi-physics modeling to underpin a deep learning framework with in-depth examination for battery performance and thermal risk prediction. Specifically, Part I focused on the development of the battery model which was thoroughly validated and analyzed to guarantee the model accuracy by two steps: firstly, we validated the multi-physics model against two commercial Lithium-ion batteries, i.e., Panasonic NCR18650B and 18650BD; Then, the coupling between thermal and electrochemical battery behaviors were analyzed deeply to demonstrate insights obtained from the model, such as voltage evolution and maximum local temperature (hot spot). The developed model proves to be capable of providing insightful and reliable data for the training of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) in part II.
电动汽车需求的快速增长要求下一代高能电池技术具有更长的使用寿命、更高的安全性和可靠性。因此,我们需要一个以数据为中心的电池管理系统来解读复杂的电池数据,并为正确管理多物理场电池动态做出决策。如今,电池信息学正成为一种前景广阔的解决方案,它利用先进的机器学习工具对电池性能、健康和安全进行准确预测,但却因数据匮乏而难以实现。为缓解这一问题,本研究通过实验研究和三维(3-D)多物理场建模,首次提出了数据开发研究,为深度学习框架提供了基础,并对电池性能和热风险预测进行了深入研究。具体来说,第一部分侧重于电池模型的开发,并通过两个步骤对模型进行了全面验证和分析,以确保模型的准确性:首先,我们以松下 NCR18650B 和 18650BD 这两种商用锂离子电池验证了多物理场模型;然后,深入分析了电池热行为和电化学行为之间的耦合,以展示从模型中获得的见解,如电压演变和最高局部温度(热点)。事实证明,所开发的模型能够为第二部分的卷积神经网络和长短期记忆(CNN-LSTM)训练提供具有洞察力的可靠数据。
{"title":"Deep learning from three-dimensional lithium-ion battery multiphysics model part I: Data development","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast growing demands for electric vehicles require better longevity, safety and reliability for next-generation high-energy battery technologies. A data-centered battery management system is thus desired to interpret complex battery data and make decisions for properly managing multi-physics battery dynamics. Nowadays, Battery informatics are emerging as promising solutions by leveraging advanced machine learning tools to deliver accurate prediction of battery performance, health and safety, but is hurdled by a scarcity of data. To mitigate this issue, this study presents one of the first studies for data development through both experimental studies and three-dimensional (3-D) multi-physics modeling to underpin a deep learning framework with in-depth examination for battery performance and thermal risk prediction. Specifically, Part I focused on the development of the battery model which was thoroughly validated and analyzed to guarantee the model accuracy by two steps: firstly, we validated the multi-physics model against two commercial Lithium-ion batteries, i.e., Panasonic NCR18650B and 18650BD; Then, the coupling between thermal and electrochemical battery behaviors were analyzed deeply to demonstrate insights obtained from the model, such as voltage evolution and maximum local temperature (hot spot). The developed model proves to be capable of providing insightful and reliable data for the training of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) in part II.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666546824000946/pdfft?md5=2dba62c12bcdcee726bf78d19f8b94e2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666546824000946-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of artificial intelligence in the materials science, with a special focus on fuel cells and electrolyzers 人工智能在材料科学中的应用,特别关注燃料电池和电解槽
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100424

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized technological development globally, delivering relatively more accurate and reliable solutions to critical challenges across various research domains. This impact is particularly notable within the field of materials science and engineering, where artificial intelligence has catalyzed the discovery of new materials, enhanced design simulations, influenced process controls, and facilitated operational analysis and predictions of material properties and behaviors. Consequently, these advancements have streamlined the synthesis, simulation, and processing procedures, leading to material optimization for diverse applications. A key area of interest within materials science is the development of hydrogen-based electrochemical systems, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, as clean energy solutions, known for their promising high energy density and zero-emission operations. While artificial intelligence shows great potential in studying both fuel cells and electrolyzers, existing literature often separates them, with a clear gap in comprehensive studies on electrolyzers despite their similarities. This review aims to bridge that gap by providing an integrated overview of artificial intelligence's role in both technologies. This review begins by explaining the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence and introducing commonly used artificial intelligence-based algorithms in a simplified and clearly comprehensible way, establishing a foundational knowledge base for further discussion. Subsequently, it explores the role of artificial intelligence in materials science, highlighting the critical applications and drawing on examples from recent literature to build on the discussion. The paper then examines how artificial intelligence has propelled significant advancements in studying various types of fuel cells and electrolyzers, specifically emphasizing proton exchange membrane (PEM) based systems. It thoroughly explores the artificial intelligence tools and techniques for characterizing, manufacturing, testing, analyzing, and optimizing these systems. Additionally, the review critically evaluates the current research landscape, pinpointing progress and prevailing challenges. Through this thorough analysis, the review underscores the fundamental role of artificial intelligence in advancing the generation and utilization of clean energy, illustrating its transformative potential in this area of research.

人工智能(AI)给全球的技术发展带来了革命性的变化,为各个研究领域的关键挑战提供了相对更准确、更可靠的解决方案。这种影响在材料科学与工程领域尤为显著,人工智能催化了新材料的发现,增强了设计模拟,影响了工艺控制,促进了材料特性和行为的操作分析与预测。因此,这些进步简化了合成、模拟和加工程序,为各种应用优化了材料。材料科学的一个重要兴趣领域是开发氢基电化学系统,如燃料电池和电解槽,作为清洁能源解决方案。虽然人工智能在研究燃料电池和电解槽方面都显示出巨大的潜力,但现有文献往往将两者割裂开来,尽管两者有相似之处,但对电解槽的全面研究明显不足。本综述旨在通过综合概述人工智能在这两种技术中的作用来弥补这一差距。本综述首先解释了人工智能的基本概念,并以简化和清晰易懂的方式介绍了常用的基于人工智能的算法,为进一步讨论奠定了基础知识。随后,本文探讨了人工智能在材料科学中的作用,重点介绍了人工智能的关键应用,并引用了近期文献中的实例,以进一步展开讨论。然后,论文探讨了人工智能如何推动各类燃料电池和电解槽研究取得重大进展,特别强调了基于质子交换膜(PEM)的系统。论文深入探讨了用于表征、制造、测试、分析和优化这些系统的人工智能工具和技术。此外,综述还对当前的研究状况进行了批判性评估,指出了取得的进展和面临的挑战。通过这一透彻的分析,综述强调了人工智能在推动清洁能源的生产和利用方面的基础性作用,并说明了人工智能在这一研究领域的变革潜力。
{"title":"Application of artificial intelligence in the materials science, with a special focus on fuel cells and electrolyzers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized technological development globally, delivering relatively more accurate and reliable solutions to critical challenges across various research domains. This impact is particularly notable within the field of materials science and engineering, where artificial intelligence has catalyzed the discovery of new materials, enhanced design simulations, influenced process controls, and facilitated operational analysis and predictions of material properties and behaviors. Consequently, these advancements have streamlined the synthesis, simulation, and processing procedures, leading to material optimization for diverse applications. A key area of interest within materials science is the development of hydrogen-based electrochemical systems, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, as clean energy solutions, known for their promising high energy density and zero-emission operations. While artificial intelligence shows great potential in studying both fuel cells and electrolyzers, existing literature often separates them, with a clear gap in comprehensive studies on electrolyzers despite their similarities. This review aims to bridge that gap by providing an integrated overview of artificial intelligence's role in both technologies. This review begins by explaining the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence and introducing commonly used artificial intelligence-based algorithms in a simplified and clearly comprehensible way, establishing a foundational knowledge base for further discussion. Subsequently, it explores the role of artificial intelligence in materials science, highlighting the critical applications and drawing on examples from recent literature to build on the discussion. The paper then examines how artificial intelligence has propelled significant advancements in studying various types of fuel cells and electrolyzers, specifically emphasizing proton exchange membrane (PEM) based systems. It thoroughly explores the artificial intelligence tools and techniques for characterizing, manufacturing, testing, analyzing, and optimizing these systems. Additionally, the review critically evaluates the current research landscape, pinpointing progress and prevailing challenges. Through this thorough analysis, the review underscores the fundamental role of artificial intelligence in advancing the generation and utilization of clean energy, illustrating its transformative potential in this area of research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34138,"journal":{"name":"Energy and AI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666546824000909/pdfft?md5=b83f9a182a85a5f48c45be65e082c851&pid=1-s2.0-S2666546824000909-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Energy and AI
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1