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Constraint-incorporated deep learning model for predicting heat transfer in porous media under diverse external heat fluxes 用于预测不同外部热通量条件下多孔介质传热的约束-纳入式深度学习模型
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100425

The temperature field within porous media is considerably affected by different boundary conditions, and effective thermal conductivity varies with spatial structure morphologies. At present, traditional prediction methods for the temperature field are expensive and time consuming, particularly for large structures and dimensions, whereas deep learning surrogate models have limitations related to constant boundary conditions and two-dimensional input slices, lacking the three-dimensional topology and spatial correlations. Herein, a constraint-incorporated model using U-Net architecture as the backbone is proposed to predict the temperature field and effective thermal conductivity of sphere-packed porous media, considering diverse external heat fluxes. A total of 510 original samples of temperature fields are generated through lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations, which are further augmented to 33,150 samples using the self-amplification method for the training. Physical prior knowledge is incorporated into the model to constrain the training direction by adding physical constraint terms as well as adaptive weights to the loss function. Input vectors with different heat fluxes and porosities are embedded into latent features for predicting different boundary conditions. Results indicate that the constraint-incorporated model has a mean relative error ranging between 1.1 % and 5.7 % compared with the LBM results in the testing set. It exhibits weak dependence on the database size and substantially reduces computational time, with a maximum speedup ratio of 7.14 × 106. This study presents a deep learning model with physical constraints for predicting heat conduction in porous media, alleviating the burden of extensive experiments and simulations.

多孔介质内部的温度场受不同边界条件的影响很大,有效热导率随空间结构形态的变化而变化。目前,传统的温度场预测方法成本高、耗时长,尤其是对于大型结构和尺寸,而深度学习代用模型存在与恒定边界条件和二维输入切片相关的局限性,缺乏三维拓扑和空间相关性。本文提出了一种以 U-Net 架构为骨干的约束融入模型,用于预测球状堆积多孔介质的温度场和有效热导率,并考虑了不同的外部热通量。通过晶格玻尔兹曼法(LBM)模拟共生成了 510 个原始温度场样本,并使用自放大法进一步增加到 33,150 个样本进行训练。通过在损失函数中添加物理约束项和自适应权重,将物理先验知识纳入模型,以限制训练方向。不同热通量和孔隙率的输入向量被嵌入潜特征中,用于预测不同的边界条件。结果表明,与测试集中的 LBM 结果相比,包含约束条件的模型的平均相对误差在 1.1 % 到 5.7 % 之间。该模型对数据库规模的依赖性较弱,并大大减少了计算时间,最大加速比为 7.14 × 106。本研究提出了一种带有物理约束的深度学习模型,用于预测多孔介质中的热传导,减轻了大量实验和模拟的负担。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting CO2 equilibrium solubility in various amine-CO2 systems using an artificial neural network model 利用人工神经网络模型预测各种胺-CO2 系统中的二氧化碳平衡溶解度
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100426

Three proposed reaction mechanisms can occur in an amine-CO2 system: either zwitterionic or termolecular mechanisms for primary/secondary amines and base-catalyzed hydration for tertiary amines. The intricacy of this system hinders the construction of a general model for all types of amines. This study attempts to build an artificial neural network model that predicts the equilibrium solubility of any nonblended aqueous amine-CO2 system under given operating conditions, regardless of the reaction mechanism. This is a novel approach that has not yet been reported. The amines were characterized using molecular descriptors derived from COSMO theory through density functional theory calculations to incorporate molecular structures as model features. Our model achieved performance metrics (R2) of 0.9645 and 0.9481 for the training and validation sets, respectively. For unfamiliar amines that were absent in both the training and validation sets, our model achieved an R2 of 0.8601. Model benchmarking was performed using a previously established thermodynamic model. Interpretations of the model are also provided based on the chosen features. This study also offers exploratory insight into how the molecular structure and operating conditions affect the CO2 equilibrium solubility in amines. The model developed in this study has the potential to reduce the solvent screening time in determining appropriate amines for larger-scale applications.

在胺-CO2 系统中可能会出现三种拟议的反应机制:伯胺/叔胺的齐聚物机制或分子机制,叔胺的碱催化水合机制。该系统的复杂性阻碍了为所有类型的胺构建通用模型。本研究试图建立一个人工神经网络模型,以预测任何非混合水胺-CO2 系统在给定操作条件下的平衡溶解度,而不论反应机理如何。这是一种尚未报道过的新方法。通过密度泛函理论计算,使用从 COSMO 理论得出的分子描述符对胺进行了表征,并将分子结构作为模型特征。我们的模型在训练集和验证集上的性能指标(R2)分别为 0.9645 和 0.9481。对于训练集和验证集中都不存在的陌生胺,我们的模型达到了 0.8601 的 R2。我们使用以前建立的热力学模型对模型进行了基准测试。此外,还根据所选特征对模型进行了解释。本研究还对分子结构和操作条件如何影响二氧化碳在胺中的平衡溶解度提供了探索性的见解。本研究中开发的模型有可能缩短溶剂筛选时间,为更大规模的应用确定合适的胺。
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引用次数: 0
Probabilistic simulation of electricity price scenarios using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks 利用条件生成对抗网络对电价情景进行概率模拟
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100422

A novel approach for generative time series simulation of electricity price scenarios is presented. A “Time Series Simulation Conditional Generative Adversarial Network” (TSS-CGAN) generates short-term electricity price scenarios. In particular, the network is capable of generating a 24-dimensional output vector that corresponds to the expected behavior of electricity markets. The model can replace typical approaches from financial mathematics like statistical factor models to model the price distribution around a given forecast. The data cover a 3-year period from 2020 to 2023. Our empirical study is conducted on the EPEX SPOT market in Europe. An electricity price scenario includes the prices of the hourly contracts of a day-ahead auction at the EPEX SPOT power exchange. The model uses multivariate time series as input factors, consisting of point forecasts of electricity prices and fundamental data on generation and load profiles. The architecture of a TSS-CGAN is based on the idea of Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks combined with 1D Convolutional Neural Networks and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory. The model is evaluated using qualitative and quantitative criteria. For the evaluation, 10,000 simulations of a test period are carried out. Qualitative criteria are whether the model follows certain electricity market-specific regularities and depicts them adequately. The quantitative analysis includes common error metric, compared to benchmark models, like DeepAR, Prophet and Temporal Fusion Transformer, the examination of the quantile ranges, the error distribution and a sensitivity analysis. The results show that the TSS-CGAN outperforms benchmark models such as DeepAR by reducing the continuous ranked probability score by 50% and considers market-specific circumstances such as the production of fluctuating energies and reacts correctly to changes in the corresponding variables.

本文介绍了一种新颖的电价情景时间序列生成模拟方法。一种 "时间序列模拟条件生成对抗网络"(TSS-CGAN)可生成短期电价情景。特别是,该网络能够生成与电力市场预期行为相对应的 24 维输出向量。该模型可以替代金融数学中的典型方法,如统计因子模型,来模拟给定预测周围的价格分布。数据涵盖 2020 年至 2023 年的三年期。我们的实证研究是在欧洲 EPEX SPOT 市场上进行的。电价情景包括 EPEX SPOT 电力交易所日前拍卖的每小时合同价格。该模型使用多变量时间序列作为输入因素,其中包括电价点预测以及发电和负荷曲线的基本数据。TSS-CGAN 的结构基于条件生成对抗网络与一维卷积神经网络和双向长短期记忆相结合的思想。该模型采用定性和定量标准进行评估。在评估过程中,对一个测试期进行了 10,000 次模拟。定性标准是该模型是否遵循某些电力市场特有的规律性并对其进行充分描述。定量分析包括与 DeepAR、Prophet 和 Temporal Fusion Transformer 等基准模型相比的常见误差度量、量化范围检查、误差分布和敏感性分析。结果表明,TSS-CGAN 的性能优于 DeepAR 等基准模型,其连续排名概率得分降低了 50%,并考虑了市场的具体情况,如波动能源的生产,并能对相应变量的变化做出正确反应。
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引用次数: 0
Insight of low flammability limit on sustainable aviation fuel blend and prediction by ANN model 可持续航空混合燃料低易燃性限制的启示及 ANN 模型预测
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100423

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) blend has been confirmed to benefit for greenhouse gases reduction, and thus the property of blend fuel should be understanded the detail to support the utilization in aircraft. Low flammability limit (LFL) is a key property of jet fuel which should be sufficiently flammable to burn in combustor of aeroengine and meanwhile should be non-flammable for safety storage in fuel tank of aircraft. LFL of fuel could be influenced by integrating effects including molecule structure, intramolecular chemical bond energy and binding energy of molecule to molecule. Three types of theoretical models, based on different individual view including LFL of every pure hydrocarbon, stoichiometric concentration, and combustion enthalpy, present unsatisfactory simulation results, which can be deduced without integrating all potential influence factors together. The artificial neural network (ANN) approaches have been involved to bridge the relationship of the complex compositions in jet fuels with LFL. For providing adequate and available composition input, the boundary of fuel compositions has been extracted based on constrains of boiling point, flash point and freeze point coupling with statistic petroleum-based jet fuels. By clustering analysis, 43 critical classes of compositions, extracted as surrogate hydrocarbons based on with similar LFL within 1 % deviation, have been deployed as input matrix. ANN-LFL model, trained by only drop-in fuel with feature of Sigmoid function as an activation function, can distinguish drop-in fuel with non-drop-in fuel. ANN LFL model can predict LFL of drop-in fuel with 0.988 accuracy. The predict output value of non-drop-in fuel could present obvious deviation with traditional jet fuel. The optimization methodologies of ANN-LFL model could be improved the understanding of LFL and extend ANN in SAF utilization.

可持续航空混合燃料(SAF)已被证实有利于减少温室气体排放,因此应详细了解混合燃料的特性,以支持飞机的使用。低可燃性极限(LFL)是喷气燃料的一个关键特性,它应具有足够的可燃性,以便在航空发动机的燃烧器中燃烧,同时也应具有不可燃性,以便在飞机油箱中安全储存。燃料的低燃耗系数会受到综合效应的影响,包括分子结构、分子内化学键能和分子与分子之间的结合能。三种理论模型基于不同的个人观点,包括每种纯碳氢化合物的低燃比值、化学计量浓度和燃烧焓,其模拟结果并不令人满意,因为这些结果是在没有将所有潜在影响因素综合在一起的情况下推导出来的。人工神经网络(ANN)方法被用来解决喷气燃料中复杂成分与 LFL 的关系。为了提供充分和可用的成分输入,我们根据沸点、闪点和凝固点的约束条件,并结合石油基喷气燃料的统计数据,提取了燃料成分的边界。通过聚类分析,提取了 43 种临界成分作为代用碳氢化合物,这些代用碳氢化合物的 LFL 值偏差在 1% 以内。以 Sigmoid 函数为激活函数的 ANN-LFL 模型仅由滴入式燃料训练而成,可以区分滴入式燃料和非滴入式燃料。ANN LFL 模型能以 0.988 的准确率预测滴入式燃料的 LFL。非滴入式燃料的预测输出值与传统喷气式燃料有明显偏差。ANN-LFL 模型的优化方法可以提高对 LFL 的理解,并扩展 ANN 在 SAF 中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent frequency control of AC microgrids with communication delay: An online tuning method subject to stabilizing parameters 具有通信延迟的交流微电网智能频率控制:取决于稳定参数的在线调整方法
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100421

Smart control techniques have been implemented to address fluctuating power levels within isolated microgrids, mitigating the risk of unstable frequencies and the potential degradation of power supply quality. However, a challenge lies in the fact that employing these computationally complex methods without stability preservation might not suffice to handle the rapid changes of this highly dynamic environment in real-world scenarios over communication delays. This study introduces a flexible real-time approach for the frequency control problem using an artificial neural network (ANN) constrained to stabilized regions. Our solution integrates stabilizing PID controllers, computed through small-signal analysis and tuned via an automated search for optimal ANN weights and reinforcement learning (RL)-based selected constraints. First, we design stabilizing PID controllers by applying the stability boundary locus method and the Mikhailov criterion, specifically addressing communication delays. Next, we refine the controller parameters online through an automated process that identifies optimal coefficient combinations, leveraging a constrained ANN to manage frequency deviations within a restricted parameter range. Our approach is further enhanced by employing the RL technique, which trains the tuning system using an interpolated stability boundary curve to ensure both stability and performance. This one-of-a-kind combination of ANN, RL, and advanced PID tuning methods is a big step forward in how we handle frequency control problems in isolated AC microgrids. The experiments show that our solution outperforms traditional methods due to its reduced parameter search space. In particular, the proposed method reduces transient and steady-state frequency deviations more than semi- and unconstrained methods. The improved metrics and stability analysis show that the method improves system performance and stability under changing conditions.

人们已经采用智能控制技术来解决孤立微电网中的电力水平波动问题,从而降低频率不稳定的风险和潜在的供电质量下降。然而,面临的一个挑战是,采用这些计算复杂且无稳定性保护的方法可能不足以应对现实世界中因通信延迟而发生快速变化的高动态环境。本研究针对频率控制问题引入了一种灵活的实时方法,该方法使用的人工神经网络(ANN)受限于稳定区域。我们的解决方案集成了稳定 PID 控制器,该控制器通过小信号分析计算得出,并通过自动搜索最佳 ANN 权重和基于强化学习 (RL) 的选定约束进行调整。首先,我们应用稳定边界定位法和米哈伊洛夫准则设计稳定 PID 控制器,特别是解决通信延迟问题。接下来,我们通过自动流程在线完善控制器参数,确定最佳系数组合,利用受约束 ANN 在受限参数范围内管理频率偏差。我们的方法通过采用 RL 技术得到了进一步增强,该技术使用内插稳定性边界曲线来训练调整系统,以确保稳定性和性能。这种将 ANN、RL 和先进的 PID 调节方法结合在一起的独特方法,在我们如何处理隔离交流微电网中的频率控制问题方面迈出了一大步。实验表明,由于减少了参数搜索空间,我们的解决方案优于传统方法。特别是,与半约束和无约束方法相比,所提出的方法更能减少瞬态和稳态频率偏差。改进后的指标和稳定性分析表明,该方法提高了系统在变化条件下的性能和稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial intelligence-driven real-world battery diagnostics 人工智能驱动的真实世界电池诊断技术
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100419

Addressing real-world challenges in battery diagnostics, particularly under incomplete or inconsistent boundary conditions, has proven difficult with traditional methodologies such as first-principles and atomistic calculations. Despite advances in data assimilation techniques, the overwhelming volume and diversity of data, coupled with the lack of universally accepted models, underscore the limitations of these traditional approaches. Recently, deep learning has emerged as a highly effective tool in overcoming persistent issues in battery diagnostics by adeptly managing expansive design spaces and discerning intricate, multidimensional correlations. This approach resolves challenges previously deemed insurmountable, especially with lost, irregular, or noisy data through the design of specialized network architectures that adhere to physical invariants. However, gaps remain between academic advancements and their practical applications, including challenges in explainability and the computational costs associated with AI-driven solutions. Emerging technologies such as explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), AI for IT operations (AIOps), lifelong machine learning to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, and cloud-based digital twins open new opportunities for intelligent battery life-cycle assessment. In this perspective, we outline these challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the potential of innovative technologies to transform battery diagnostics, as demonstrated by our recent practice and the progress made in the field. This includes promising achievements in both academic and industry field demonstrations in modeling and forecasting the dynamics of multiphysics and multiscale battery systems. These systems feature inhomogeneous cascades of scales, informed by our physical, electrochemical, observational, empirical, and/or mathematical understanding of the battery system. Through data assimilation efforts, meticulous craftsmanship, and elaborate implementations—and by considering the wealth and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of available data—such AI-based intelligent learning philosophies have great potential to achieve better accuracy, faster training, and improved generalization.

事实证明,采用第一原理和原子计算等传统方法很难解决电池诊断中的实际难题,尤其是在不完整或不一致的边界条件下。尽管数据同化技术不断进步,但数据的巨大数量和多样性,加上缺乏普遍接受的模型,凸显了这些传统方法的局限性。最近,深度学习已成为克服电池诊断领域长期存在问题的一种非常有效的工具,它能巧妙地管理广阔的设计空间并辨别错综复杂的多维相关性。这种方法通过设计符合物理不变性的专用网络架构,解决了以前认为无法解决的难题,尤其是在数据丢失、不规则或嘈杂的情况下。然而,学术进步与实际应用之间仍存在差距,包括人工智能驱动的解决方案在可解释性和计算成本方面面临的挑战。可解释人工智能(XAI)、IT 运营人工智能(AIOps)、减轻灾难性遗忘的终身机器学习以及基于云的数字双胞胎等新兴技术为智能电池生命周期评估带来了新的机遇。在本视角中,我们将概述这些挑战和机遇,强调创新技术改变电池诊断的潜力,我们最近的实践和该领域取得的进展都证明了这一点。这包括在多物理场和多尺度电池系统动态建模和预测方面,学术界和工业界的现场演示都取得了可喜的成就。这些系统的特点是不同尺度的非均质级联,我们通过对电池系统的物理、电化学、观测、经验和/或数学理解来了解这些尺度。通过数据同化工作、精雕细琢和精心实施,并考虑到可用数据的丰富性和时空异质性,这些基于人工智能的智能学习理念在实现更高精度、更快训练和更好的泛化方面具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Degradation prediction of PEM water electrolyzer under constant and start-stop loads based on CNN-LSTM 基于 CNN-LSTM 的恒定负载和启停负载下 PEM 水电解槽的降解预测
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100420

The performance degradation is a crucial factor affecting the commercialization of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. However, it is difficult to establish a mechanism model incorporating all degradation categories due to their different time and spatial scales. In this paper, the data-driven method is employed to predict the electrolyzer voltage variation over time based on a convolutional neural network-long short term memory (CNN-LSTM) model. First, two datasets including constant operation for 1140 h and start-stop load for 660 h are collected from the durability tests. Second, the data-driven models are trained through the experimental data and the model hyper-parameters are optimized. Finally, the electrolyzer degradation in the next few hundred hours is predicted, and the prediction accuracy is compared with other time-series algorithms. The results show that the model can predict the degradation precisely on both datasets, with the R2 higher than 0.98. Compared to conventional models, the algorithm shows better fitting characteristic to the experimental data, especially as the prediction time increases. For constant and start-stop operations, the electrolyzers degradate by 4.5 % and 2.5 % respectively after 1000 h. The proposed method shows great potential for real-time monitoring in the electrolyzer system.

性能退化是影响质子交换膜电解槽商业化的关键因素。然而,由于降解的时间和空间尺度不同,很难建立一个包含所有降解类别的机理模型。本文采用数据驱动法,基于卷积神经网络-长短期记忆(CNN-LSTM)模型预测电解槽电压随时间的变化。首先,从耐久性测试中收集了两个数据集,包括持续运行 1140 小时和起停负载 660 小时。其次,通过实验数据训练数据驱动模型,并优化模型超参数。最后,预测电解槽在未来几百小时内的降解情况,并将预测精度与其他时间序列算法进行比较。结果表明,该模型可以精确预测两个数据集的降解情况,R2 均高于 0.98。与传统模型相比,该算法显示出与实验数据更好的拟合特性,尤其是随着预测时间的增加。在恒定运行和启停运行的情况下,电解槽在 1000 小时后的降解率分别为 4.5 % 和 2.5 %。
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引用次数: 0
Big data meets big wind: A scientometric review of machine learning approaches in offshore wind energy 大数据遇上大风能:海上风能机器学习方法的科学计量学回顾
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100418

Offshore wind energy offers several advantages relative to its onshore counterpart – not least stronger and steadier winds, the possibility of larger turbines, and no land occupation. The operational complexities, environmental challenges, and higher maintenance costs of offshore wind turbines necessitate innovative solutions. Traditional approaches are insufficient, and new ”big data” techniques, notably machine learning and deep learning, are poised to play a significant role in the design and optimisation of offshore wind turbines and farms. The objective of this paper is to conduct a scientometric analysis of machine learning and deep learning techniques applied to offshore wind energy. The research methodology employs a circular framework, integrating data acquisition and statistical analysis to provide a comprehensive scientometric insight into the state of the art. As regards the country of origin, most of the publications stem from just five countries, which signals a need of greater geographical diversity in this field of research. Most importantly, the rapid, steady increase in the annual number of publications since 2017 reveals the interest of the research community in this novel topic.

与陆上风能相比,近海风能具有多项优势--尤其是风力更强、更稳定,可以使用更大的涡轮机,而且无需占用土地。海上风力涡轮机的运行复杂性、环境挑战和较高的维护成本要求采用创新的解决方案。传统的方法是不够的,新的 "大数据 "技术,特别是机器学习和深度学习,将在海上风力涡轮机和风电场的设计和优化中发挥重要作用。本文旨在对应用于海上风能的机器学习和深度学习技术进行科学计量分析。研究方法采用了一个循环框架,将数据采集和统计分析整合在一起,以提供对技术现状的全面科学计量学洞察。在来源国方面,大多数出版物仅来自五个国家,这表明该研究领域需要更大的地域多样性。最重要的是,自 2017 年以来,每年的出版物数量都在快速、稳定地增长,这表明了研究界对这一新颖课题的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic modification optimization technique: A neural network multi-objective energy management approach 遗传修饰优化技术:神经网络多目标能源管理方法
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100417

In this study, a Neural Network-Enhanced Gene Modification Optimization Technique was introduced for multi-objective energy resource management. Addressing the need for sustainable energy solutions, this technique integrated neural network models as fitness functions, representing an advancement in artificial intelligence-driven optimization. Data collected in the European Union covered greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption by sources, energy imports, and Levelized Cost of Energy. Since different configurations of energy consumption by sources lead to varying greenhouse gas emissions, costs, and imports, neural network prediction models were used to project the effect of new energy combinations on these variables. The projections were then fed into the gene modification optimization process to identify optimal configurations. Over 28 generations, simulations demonstrated a 46 percent reduction in energy costs and a 9 percent decrease in emissions. Human bias and subjectivity were mitigated by automating parameter settings, enhancing the objectivity of results. Benchmarking against traditional methods, such as Euclidean Distance, validated the superior performance of this approach. Furthermore, the technique's ability to visualize chromosomes and gene values offered clarity in optimization processes. These results suggest significant advancements in the energy sector and potential applications in other industries, contributing to the global effort to combat climate change.

本研究针对多目标能源资源管理引入了神经网络增强基因修饰优化技术。为了满足对可持续能源解决方案的需求,该技术集成了神经网络模型作为适应度函数,代表了人工智能驱动的优化技术的进步。在欧盟收集的数据包括温室气体排放、能源消耗、能源进口和能源平准化成本。由于不同的能源消耗配置会导致不同的温室气体排放量、成本和进口量,因此使用神经网络预测模型来预测新能源组合对这些变量的影响。然后将预测结果输入基因修饰优化过程,以确定最佳配置。经过 28 代的模拟,能源成本降低了 46%,排放量减少了 9%。参数设置的自动化减轻了人为偏差和主观性,提高了结果的客观性。与传统方法(如欧氏距离)的基准对比验证了这种方法的卓越性能。此外,该技术还能将染色体和基因值可视化,使优化过程更加清晰。这些结果表明,该技术在能源领域取得了重大进展,并有可能应用于其他行业,为全球应对气候变化做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective optimization of lithium-ion battery designs considering the dilemma between energy density and rate capability 锂离子电池设计的多目标优化,考虑能量密度和速率能力之间的两难选择
IF 9.6 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2024.100416

Electrified transportation requires batteries with high energy density and high-rate capability for both charging and discharging. Li-ion batteries (LiBs) face a dilemma: increasing areal capacity and reducing electrode porosity to boost energy density often reduces rate capability due to a longer and more tortuous ion transfer path. Tailoring cell design parameters to balance these metrics is essential but challenging. Here, we present a multi-objective optimization framework targeting energy density, fast charging, high-rate discharging, and lifespan simultaneously. Four cell parameters—cathode areal capacity, N-P ratio, cathode porosity, and anode porosity—along with operating temperature, are selected as design variables. A physics-based pseudo-2D model, validated against experimental data, generates data to train the surrogate model, which is combined with the NSGA-II algorithm for rapid optimization. Three different objective calculation methods are compared to identify the maximum sum of energy densities, lowest polarization, and most balanced performance, respectively. Cell design parameters are optimized at different temperatures using the most balanced optimization method. Results demonstrate that elevating cell operating temperature achieves high-rate capability while maintaining high energy density, mitigating the energy-power trade-off and broadening battery design parameter ranges.

电气化交通需要能量密度高、充电和放电速率高的电池。锂离子电池(LiBs)面临着一个两难的问题:为了提高能量密度而增加电池的面积容量和降低电极孔隙率,往往会因为更长、更曲折的离子传输路径而降低速率能力。调整电池设计参数以平衡这些指标至关重要,但也极具挑战性。在此,我们提出了一个多目标优化框架,同时针对能量密度、快速充电、高速放电和使用寿命。我们选择了四个电池参数--阴极等容量、N-P 比、阴极孔隙率和阳极孔隙率--以及工作温度作为设计变量。根据实验数据验证的基于物理的伪二维模型生成了训练代理模型的数据,该模型与 NSGA-II 算法相结合,实现了快速优化。比较了三种不同的目标计算方法,以分别确定最大能量密度总和、最低极化和最均衡的性能。使用最平衡的优化方法对不同温度下的电池设计参数进行了优化。结果表明,提高电池工作温度可在保持高能量密度的同时实现高倍率能力,从而缓解能量-功率权衡问题并拓宽电池设计参数范围。
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