Pub Date : 2018-11-07DOI: 10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.12
M. El-Bidawy
Glucocorticoids therapy is the most common cause of secondary iatrogenic osteoporosis.The bone loss occurs predominantly due to a decrease in bone formation, although increased bone resorption also occurs. Insulin resistance is the key pathology in type 2 diabetes negatively influence bone remodeling and leads to reduced bone strength. Loss of sex steroids, particularly oestradiol, as in ovariectomized rats,leads to increased skeletal remodeling over and above the age-related increment, together with excessive osteoclast activity. In this study, ovariectomy DEX group has highly significant increase in relative cortical resorptioncompared to ovaiectomy and sham DEX groups, also ovariectomy and DEX group has highly significant decrease in bone thickness compared to ovariectomy and sham DEX groups. The consequent increase in remodeling activation increases the overall resorption rate without a compensatory increase in formation, leading to rapid bone loss.This negative effect on bone which is due to the glucocorticoid excess is also mediated by indirect mechanisms such as the calcium malabsorption and hypercalciuria. In response to the enhanced supply of calcium from the skeleton, PTH secretion tends to be diminished, thereby reducing vitamin D [1,25(OH)2 cholecalciferol] concentration with a consequent reduction in calcium absorption.
{"title":"Effects of Insulin Resistance Induced by Dexamethasone on Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Rats","authors":"M. El-Bidawy","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.12","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids therapy is the most common cause of secondary iatrogenic osteoporosis.The bone loss occurs predominantly due to a decrease in bone formation, although increased bone resorption also occurs. Insulin resistance is the key pathology in type 2 diabetes negatively influence bone remodeling and leads to reduced bone strength. Loss of sex steroids, particularly oestradiol, as in ovariectomized rats,leads to increased skeletal remodeling over and above the age-related increment, together with excessive osteoclast activity. In this study, ovariectomy DEX group has highly significant increase in relative cortical resorptioncompared to ovaiectomy and sham DEX groups, also ovariectomy and DEX group has highly significant decrease in bone thickness compared to ovariectomy and sham DEX groups. The consequent increase in remodeling activation increases the overall resorption rate without a compensatory increase in formation, leading to rapid bone loss.This negative effect on bone which is due to the glucocorticoid excess is also mediated by indirect mechanisms such as the calcium malabsorption and hypercalciuria. In response to the enhanced supply of calcium from the skeleton, PTH secretion tends to be diminished, thereby reducing vitamin D [1,25(OH)2 cholecalciferol] concentration with a consequent reduction in calcium absorption.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125010032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-25DOI: 10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.11
Stephen Kpekura, J. Ninnoni, S. Nuvor
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia mainly due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin hormone. The study aimed at exploring the level of self-management practices among diabetes patients receiving care in public hospitals in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The research was a cross-sectional survey adopting stratified sampling technique to select 201 respondents. A questionnaire was used in the study for data collection with a reliability coefficient of 0.8. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 21. Adherence to proper self-management practices was high with a mean percentage of 64.7%. Demographic factors of diabetes patients did not have any effect on their Self-Management Practices (p>0.05). There were differences in Self-Management practices among group of diabetes patients receiving care at different hospitals (p<0.05). In conclusion, most diabetes patients in the Upper West Region adhered correctly to self-management practices. However, they needed to improve upon the management on monitoring of blood sugar level and foot care. There was a difference in self-management practices of diabetes patients who received care at Wa and Lawra. It was also found that sex, gender, district of location, occupation, and income among others did not have influence on self-management practice.
糖尿病是一种慢性进行性代谢疾病，以高血糖为特征，主要是由于胰岛素激素的绝对或相对缺乏。该研究旨在探讨加纳上西部地区公立医院接受治疗的糖尿病患者的自我管理实践水平。本研究为横断面调查，采用分层抽样方法，共选取201名调查对象。本研究采用问卷进行数据收集，信度系数为0.8。数据分析采用SPSS version 21。坚持适当的自我管理做法的比例很高，平均为64.7%。人口统计学因素对糖尿病患者自我管理行为无显著影响(p < 0.05)。不同医院糖尿病患者自我管理行为差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。综上所述，大多数上西部地区的糖尿病患者正确地坚持了自我管理的做法。然而，在血糖监测和足部护理方面的管理还有待改进。在Wa和Lawra接受治疗的糖尿病患者在自我管理实践方面存在差异。研究还发现，性别、性别、所在地区、职业、收入等因素对自我管理实践没有影响。
{"title":"Exploring Self-Management Practices Among Patients with Diabetes in Government Hospitals in the Upper West Region of Ghana","authors":"Stephen Kpekura, J. Ninnoni, S. Nuvor","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180303.11","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia mainly due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin hormone. The study aimed at exploring the level of self-management practices among diabetes patients receiving care in public hospitals in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The research was a cross-sectional survey adopting stratified sampling technique to select 201 respondents. A questionnaire was used in the study for data collection with a reliability coefficient of 0.8. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 21. Adherence to proper self-management practices was high with a mean percentage of 64.7%. Demographic factors of diabetes patients did not have any effect on their Self-Management Practices (p>0.05). There were differences in Self-Management practices among group of diabetes patients receiving care at different hospitals (p<0.05). In conclusion, most diabetes patients in the Upper West Region adhered correctly to self-management practices. However, they needed to improve upon the management on monitoring of blood sugar level and foot care. There was a difference in self-management practices of diabetes patients who received care at Wa and Lawra. It was also found that sex, gender, district of location, occupation, and income among others did not have influence on self-management practice.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134349893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.11648/j.ijde.20180302.12
R. Sane, P. Ghadigaonkar, R. Chaure, Sangeeta Jain, Shweta Wahane, Aarti Nadapude, A. Badre, R. Mandole
Globally, Diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence has created menace, being a major culprit of increased mortality and morbidity and health care expenditures. India is the 2 nd country with maximum number of diabetic patients, with an estimated prevalence of around 10%. Comprehensive Diabetes Care (CDC) is a combination of Panchakarma and Diet management. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CDC on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), body weight, abdominal girth and dependency on conventional therapy in DM Patients. This retrospective study was conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, wherein the data of elderly male type 2 DM patients (HbA1c >6.5%) who attended Madhavbaug clinics in Maharashtra , India were identified. Data of patients who were administered CDC (60-75 minutes) with minimum 6 sittings over 90 days (± 15 days) were considered. Variables were compared between day 1 and day 90 of CDC. Out of 48 enrolled elderly male patients, 34 were included for analysis. CDC showed significant improvement in HbA1c from 8.27 ± 0.96to 7.1 ± 1.30; p=0.0001), BMI from 27.65 ± 3.20 to 25.91 ± 3.29, p< 0.0001), weight from 73.75 ± 10.76to 69.46 ± 10.39, p<0.0001). Abdominal girth (from 100.0 ± 9.08 to 95.36 ± 9.10; p<0.0001), also showed significant reduction. Dependency on concomitant medicines was reduced, with number of patients on no concomitant medicines increasing from 3% to 15%. CDC and allopathy both are found to be efficacious; but CDC acts dually, by reducing HbA1c, as well as reducing dependency on allopathic medications.
{"title":"Efficacy of Comprehensive Diabetes Care (CDC) Management Program in Elderly Male Patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study","authors":"R. Sane, P. Ghadigaonkar, R. Chaure, Sangeeta Jain, Shweta Wahane, Aarti Nadapude, A. Badre, R. Mandole","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20180302.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20180302.12","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, Diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence has created menace, being a major culprit of increased mortality and morbidity and health care expenditures. India is the 2 nd country with maximum number of diabetic patients, with an estimated prevalence of around 10%. Comprehensive Diabetes Care (CDC) is a combination of Panchakarma and Diet management. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CDC on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), body weight, abdominal girth and dependency on conventional therapy in DM Patients. This retrospective study was conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, wherein the data of elderly male type 2 DM patients (HbA1c >6.5%) who attended Madhavbaug clinics in Maharashtra , India were identified. Data of patients who were administered CDC (60-75 minutes) with minimum 6 sittings over 90 days (± 15 days) were considered. Variables were compared between day 1 and day 90 of CDC. Out of 48 enrolled elderly male patients, 34 were included for analysis. CDC showed significant improvement in HbA1c from 8.27 ± 0.96to 7.1 ± 1.30; p=0.0001), BMI from 27.65 ± 3.20 to 25.91 ± 3.29, p< 0.0001), weight from 73.75 ± 10.76to 69.46 ± 10.39, p<0.0001). Abdominal girth (from 100.0 ± 9.08 to 95.36 ± 9.10; p<0.0001), also showed significant reduction. Dependency on concomitant medicines was reduced, with number of patients on no concomitant medicines increasing from 3% to 15%. CDC and allopathy both are found to be efficacious; but CDC acts dually, by reducing HbA1c, as well as reducing dependency on allopathic medications.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131745674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-28DOI: 10.11648/J.IJDE.20180302.11
A. Ibrahim
Over 415 million people had diabetes in 2015 and the number is projected to increase in the coming years. The complications of diabetes affect millions of people all over the world and diabetic foot is one of the most common. The global prevalence of diabetic foot varies significantly and a reasonable proportion of cases end up in amputation. Despite interventions at various levels, it continues to be a menacing issue in the overall management of diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is classified as neuropathic, ischemic or neuro-ischemic. Neuropathic ulcers originate in the setting of diabetic neuropathy while ischemic ulcers are secondary to vascular disease. Infections and the intrinsic delayed wound healing that characterizes diabetes are important considerations in the pathophysiology of DFU. The prevention of DFU involves adequate glycemic control and modification of risk factors. While health education is a fundamental obligation of health care professionals, it is paramount that patients adopt the guidelines of feet care and integrate them into daily life in trying to prevent diabetic foot and its consequences. The aim of this review article is to summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology and prevention of diabetic foot ulcer.
{"title":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Synopsis of the Epidemiology and Pathophysiology","authors":"A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180302.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180302.11","url":null,"abstract":"Over 415 million people had diabetes in 2015 and the number is projected to increase in the coming years. The complications of diabetes affect millions of people all over the world and diabetic foot is one of the most common. The global prevalence of diabetic foot varies significantly and a reasonable proportion of cases end up in amputation. Despite interventions at various levels, it continues to be a menacing issue in the overall management of diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is classified as neuropathic, ischemic or neuro-ischemic. Neuropathic ulcers originate in the setting of diabetic neuropathy while ischemic ulcers are secondary to vascular disease. Infections and the intrinsic delayed wound healing that characterizes diabetes are important considerations in the pathophysiology of DFU. The prevention of DFU involves adequate glycemic control and modification of risk factors. While health education is a fundamental obligation of health care professionals, it is paramount that patients adopt the guidelines of feet care and integrate them into daily life in trying to prevent diabetic foot and its consequences. The aim of this review article is to summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology and prevention of diabetic foot ulcer.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115816442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-14DOI: 10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.14
Thi Mong Diep Nguyen
A large number of industrial chemical products (paints, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, pesticides) are suspected or proved to act as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). In the present survey of the literature, the main issue is to consider how to classify individual products as EDC or not. In this perspective, the different mechanisms leading to endocrine disruption are described: either by direct interaction with hormone receptors leading to its stimulation or inhibition, or by effect on endogenous hormone concentration through stimulation or inhibition of its synthesis or its degradation, or its binding to transport binding proteins. The present review takes particularly in consideration the effects of EDCs on the endocrine control of Reproduction in human and animals. Indeed, a number of EDCs can act as anti-androgens, anti-estrogens, and steroidogenic enzyme inhibitors that interfere with steroid action or production and thus can alter reproductive health.
{"title":"Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDC) Effects on Reproduction","authors":"Thi Mong Diep Nguyen","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.14","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of industrial chemical products (paints, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, pesticides) are suspected or proved to act as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). In the present survey of the literature, the main issue is to consider how to classify individual products as EDC or not. In this perspective, the different mechanisms leading to endocrine disruption are described: either by direct interaction with hormone receptors leading to its stimulation or inhibition, or by effect on endogenous hormone concentration through stimulation or inhibition of its synthesis or its degradation, or its binding to transport binding proteins. The present review takes particularly in consideration the effects of EDCs on the endocrine control of Reproduction in human and animals. Indeed, a number of EDCs can act as anti-androgens, anti-estrogens, and steroidogenic enzyme inhibitors that interfere with steroid action or production and thus can alter reproductive health.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131468497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.13
G. Hassan, W. Qureshi
It is clear that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolism syndrome share a similar pathophysilogic milieu that would be expected to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In patients with established coronary artery disease, treatment of OSA may confer long term cardiovascular benefits. Prevention of nocturnal hypoxemia, sympathetic activation and pressor surges in addition to reduction of daytime sympathetic activity, blood pressure and insulin resistance by continuous positive airway pressure would improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with metabolic syndrome.
{"title":"Syndrome Z and Its Association with Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"G. Hassan, W. Qureshi","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.13","url":null,"abstract":"It is clear that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolism syndrome share a similar pathophysilogic milieu that would be expected to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In patients with established coronary artery disease, treatment of OSA may confer long term cardiovascular benefits. Prevention of nocturnal hypoxemia, sympathetic activation and pressor surges in addition to reduction of daytime sympathetic activity, blood pressure and insulin resistance by continuous positive airway pressure would improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.11648/j.ijde.20180301.12
G. Bongo, K. Ngbolua, C. Ashande, B. Gbolo, Claudine Tshiama, D. Tshilanda, D. Tshibangu, N. Ngombe, T. Mbemba, P. Mpiana
It was recently reported a rare association of two genetic diseases notably sickle cell anemia and diabetes in one patient in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Both diseases constitute a serious public health problem and have a common denominator that is to make patients susceptible to bacterial infections. Given the difficult and limited management of these diseases, the use of medicinal plants is considered as an effective alternative. Leaves of Anacardium occidentale and Zanthoxylum rubescens collected in the surroundings of University of Kinshasa and Gbadolite in Kinshasa and Nord Ubangi provinces respectively and these plants were selected through a chemo-taxonomic approach while a phytochemical screening was performed using a qualitative approach. Bacterial strains used to assess the antibacterial activity were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and mice were used for the antidiabetic activity. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, flavonoids, bound quinones as well saponins and alkaloids. The aqueous extracts of A. occidentale and Z. rubescens showed an antisickling activity. Only S. aureus was sensitive to A. occidentale where petroleum ether extract (MIC = 125 μg.mL -1 ) showed a good activity than other extracts and no activity was observed on E. coli. Meanwhile, Z. rubescens showed no antibacterial activity on both strains (MIC = > 500 μg.mL -1 ). The mean values of blood glucose after 120 minutes in untreated and treated mice were 99.5 ± 7.77mg.dL -1 (0.9% NaCl), 41.6 ± 10.07mg.dL -1 (Glibenclamide 10mg.Kg -1 ) and 64 ± 13.98mg.dL -1 (methanolic extract of A. occidentale 500mg.Kg -1 ). These findings show that A. occidentale plant possess an antihyperglycemic activity. To our knowledge, it is for the first time that the antisickling activity of A. occidentale and Z. rubescens is reported thus validating the chemotaxonomic approach used as a criterion of selection of these two plants. It is also for the first time that antidiabetic activity of A. occidentale is reported.
{"title":"Antidiabetic, Antisickling and Antibacterial Activities of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) and Zanthoxylum rubescens Planch. Ex Hook (Rutaceae) from DRC","authors":"G. Bongo, K. Ngbolua, C. Ashande, B. Gbolo, Claudine Tshiama, D. Tshilanda, D. Tshibangu, N. Ngombe, T. Mbemba, P. Mpiana","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20180301.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20180301.12","url":null,"abstract":"It was recently reported a rare association of two genetic diseases notably sickle cell anemia and diabetes in one patient in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Both diseases constitute a serious public health problem and have a common denominator that is to make patients susceptible to bacterial infections. Given the difficult and limited management of these diseases, the use of medicinal plants is considered as an effective alternative. Leaves of Anacardium occidentale and Zanthoxylum rubescens collected in the surroundings of University of Kinshasa and Gbadolite in Kinshasa and Nord Ubangi provinces respectively and these plants were selected through a chemo-taxonomic approach while a phytochemical screening was performed using a qualitative approach. Bacterial strains used to assess the antibacterial activity were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and mice were used for the antidiabetic activity. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, flavonoids, bound quinones as well saponins and alkaloids. The aqueous extracts of A. occidentale and Z. rubescens showed an antisickling activity. Only S. aureus was sensitive to A. occidentale where petroleum ether extract (MIC = 125 μg.mL -1 ) showed a good activity than other extracts and no activity was observed on E. coli. Meanwhile, Z. rubescens showed no antibacterial activity on both strains (MIC = > 500 μg.mL -1 ). The mean values of blood glucose after 120 minutes in untreated and treated mice were 99.5 ± 7.77mg.dL -1 (0.9% NaCl), 41.6 ± 10.07mg.dL -1 (Glibenclamide 10mg.Kg -1 ) and 64 ± 13.98mg.dL -1 (methanolic extract of A. occidentale 500mg.Kg -1 ). These findings show that A. occidentale plant possess an antihyperglycemic activity. To our knowledge, it is for the first time that the antisickling activity of A. occidentale and Z. rubescens is reported thus validating the chemotaxonomic approach used as a criterion of selection of these two plants. It is also for the first time that antidiabetic activity of A. occidentale is reported.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131562921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.11
Md Rezaul Karim, A. Syeda
Ketosis-prone diabetes or KPD is an intermediate form of diabetes and is a widespread syndrome. To review the influencing factors of ketosis in type 2 diabetes (T2DK), All patients of ketosis with type 2 diabetes are studied under single entity as the method. In this review, we described the current state of knowledge in regard to Ethnicity, age, sex, family history, infection, obesity, Dyslipidemia, and Hyperglycemia is associated as the influencing factors in Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
{"title":"The Influencing Factors Associated with Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Syndrome of Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Md Rezaul Karim, A. Syeda","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20180301.11","url":null,"abstract":"Ketosis-prone diabetes or KPD is an intermediate form of diabetes and is a widespread syndrome. To review the influencing factors of ketosis in type 2 diabetes (T2DK), All patients of ketosis with type 2 diabetes are studied under single entity as the method. In this review, we described the current state of knowledge in regard to Ethnicity, age, sex, family history, infection, obesity, Dyslipidemia, and Hyperglycemia is associated as the influencing factors in Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128980268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.21088/IJDE.0974.6099.9116.3
A. Abuaffan, I. Elfadel
Background: Maxillary midline diastema is one of the common esthetic problems appearing in deciduous dentition and affecting adults irrespective of gender and ethnicity. This study aimed to determining the prevalence, etiological factors and acceptance of midline diastema among a sample of Sudanese university students in Khartoum city. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study carried out for 2200 (1706 females, 494 males) Sudanese university students 1823 years old. A radiograph taken for each student diagnosed with midline diastema to prohibit the etiological factors. Results: The prevalence of midline diastema was recorded 7.3% (7% maxillary, 0.2% mandibular and 0.1% both maxillary and mandibular). It occurs more frequently in females (8%) than male (4.7%). Majority of students 112(70%) have family history of midline diastema (70.1% female and 69.6% male). Fifty six percent of the students were not considering midline diastema as an esthetic problem (52.6% female and 78.3% male). Only 10.6% from the students with midline diastema had speech problem (11.7% female and 4.3% male). Conclusion: The prevalence of midline diastema in this sample is evident and analogous to the conclusion reported in previous studies among different populations. The result gives evidence regarding the enormity of the midline diastema. However, burly conclusion not strained since the studied sample is not envoy to the entire Sudanese population. Additional study is obligatory with a great sample collected from different areas in Sudan. Keyworlds: Midline Diastema; University Students; Maxillary Teeth. Author’s Affiliation: *Orthodontist, Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan. **Associate Professor, Head department of Orthodontic, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Reprints Requests: Amal H. Abuaffan, Associate Professor, Head department of Orthodontic, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Email: amalabuaffan@yahoo.com Introduction Midline diastema is a dento alveolar disorders that cause special concern to parents and patients [1]. It is also known as open teeth or gapped teeth [2]. It is defining as anterior midline spacing greater than 0.5 mm between the proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth [3]. Nainar define true midline diastema as one without periodontal/periapical involvement and with the presence of all anterior teeth in the arch [4]. Whereas, Attia described it as spaces of varying magnitude between the crowns of fully erupted maxillary or mandibular central incisors [5]. Indian Journal of Dental Education Volume 9 Number 1, January March 2016 Worldwide, the Prevalence of midline diastema in early mixed dentition is normal condition appears in 48.8% of children and decrease with age [6,7]. Whereas, among adults it ranges from 1.6 to 28% [2,4,812], and more common in maxillary arch and among mal
背景:上颌中线间隙是乳牙列常见的审美问题之一，不分性别和种族，影响成年人。本研究旨在确定喀土穆市苏丹大学生中线肺气肿的患病率、病因和接受程度。材料和方法:对2200名18-23岁的苏丹大学生(1706名女性，494名男性)进行了横断面描述性研究。为每个诊断为中线肺气肿的学生拍摄x线片，以禁止病因。结果:中线扩口的患病率为7.3%(上颌7%，下颌骨0.2%，上颌和下颌骨均0.1%)。女性(8%)比男性(4.7%)更常见。112名(70%)学生有中线膈家族史，其中女性占70.1%，男性占69.6%。56%的学生不认为中线膈是审美问题(女性52.6%，男性78.3%)。中线膈的学生中只有10.6%有言语障碍(女生11.7%，男生4.3%)。结论:该样本中线隔膜的患病率明显，与以往在不同人群中研究的结论相似。这一结果为中线气层的巨大提供了证据。然而，由于所研究的样本并不能代表整个苏丹人口，因此结论并不牵强。额外的研究是强制性的，从苏丹不同地区收集了大量样本。关键词:中线断层;大学生;上颌牙齿。作者所属单位:*苏丹喀土穆大学牙科学院正畸科正畸医师。**苏丹喀土穆大学牙科学院正畸、幼童和预防牙科系主任副教授。转载请求:Amal H. Abuaffan，苏丹喀土穆大学牙科学院正畸、儿科学和预防牙科系主任副教授。中线间隙是一种引起家长和患者特别关注的牙槽疾病[1]。它也被称为开牙或间隙牙[2]。其定义为相邻牙齿近端表面之间的前中线间距大于0.5 mm[3]。Nainar将真正的中线间隙定义为不累及牙周/根尖周，且弓内所有前牙均存在[4]。然而，Attia将其描述为上颌或下颌中切牙完全爆发的牙冠之间大小不等的间隙[5]。在世界范围内，48.8%的儿童出现早期混合牙列中线扩口是正常情况，并随着年龄的增长而下降[6,7]。而在成人中，其发生率为1.6 - 28%[2,4,8 - 12]，在上颌弓和男性中更为常见[5]。男性下颌骨中线扩口发生率(90.9%)高于女性(9.1%)，女性上颌中线扩口发生率(65.3%)高于男性(34.7%)[2]。众所周知，黑人上颌中线膈的发病率(5.5%)高于白人(3.4%)和中国人(1.7%)[13]。中线肺气肿的病因是多因素现象[4,5,14,15]。它是牙齿缺陷的结果，如牙齿的大小、形状或数量异常，牙周缺陷;纤维系带肥大或舌头大小的肌肉缺损[5]。一种可能的遗传基础也被提出，与白人相比，环境因素在黑人群体中的作用更大[15]。如果肺气肿持续爆发后永久犬，病因因素
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Pub Date : 1963-09-01DOI: 10.21088/IJDE.0974.6099.9116.6
Tanvi Dosi, R. Rajput, Dhaman Gupta, A. Hazari
Pregnant women most often do not receive oral health care. In Maryland, of the 30,743 pregnant women covered by Medicaid/year; only 27% accessed covered oral health services while pregnant. There are associations between preterm births and periodontal disease. Since the risk of dental care is minimal and the benefits may be large dental care should be part of basic OB counseling. Dental care during pregnancy also will dental cavities, reducing the risk of dental cavities to the newborn. There is a need to inform pregnant women that dental care is safe during pregnancy and why oral health is important for her and her future baby.
{"title":"Oral Health Care During Pregnancy","authors":"Tanvi Dosi, R. Rajput, Dhaman Gupta, A. Hazari","doi":"10.21088/IJDE.0974.6099.9116.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21088/IJDE.0974.6099.9116.6","url":null,"abstract":" Pregnant women most often do not receive oral health care. In Maryland, of the 30,743 pregnant women covered by Medicaid/year; only 27% accessed covered oral health services while pregnant. There are associations between preterm births and periodontal disease. Since the risk of dental care is minimal and the benefits may be large dental care should be part of basic OB counseling. Dental care during pregnancy also will dental cavities, reducing the risk of dental cavities to the newborn. There is a need to inform pregnant women that dental care is safe during pregnancy and why oral health is important for her and her future baby.","PeriodicalId":341642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Digital Evidence","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116396267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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