Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422505
S. Yamaguchi, T. Yamazaki, Y. Namekawa, Y. Takahashi
We are developing a small, single operator fuel cell vehicle with a 1kW fuel cell, which we named the micro FCV. A hybrid energy control system using a DCDC converter was designed for the vehicle. We have entered into a micro FCV competition which challenges participants to develop vehicles which would deliver optimum performance at a low cost. During travel on flat surfaces, when the vehicle travels at constant speed, i.e. low power mode, a fuel cell is used. A battery and the fuel cell are used together when the vehicle operates in high power mode, i.e. while accelerating or ascending an incline. A micro computer controlled hybrid energy control system toggles between the energy flows dependent on the power requirements. Running experiments provided excellent performance results demonstrating that the micro FCV was able to operate efficiently using the hybrid energy control system which we developed. In this paper, we will discuss the designs of the micro FCV, the energy control system, the DCDC converter, and will provide the running experimental results.
{"title":"Hybrid energy control using DC-DC converter for single operator fuel cell vehicle","authors":"S. Yamaguchi, T. Yamazaki, Y. Namekawa, Y. Takahashi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422505","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing a small, single operator fuel cell vehicle with a 1kW fuel cell, which we named the micro FCV. A hybrid energy control system using a DCDC converter was designed for the vehicle. We have entered into a micro FCV competition which challenges participants to develop vehicles which would deliver optimum performance at a low cost. During travel on flat surfaces, when the vehicle travels at constant speed, i.e. low power mode, a fuel cell is used. A battery and the fuel cell are used together when the vehicle operates in high power mode, i.e. while accelerating or ascending an incline. A micro computer controlled hybrid energy control system toggles between the energy flows dependent on the power requirements. Running experiments provided excellent performance results demonstrating that the micro FCV was able to operate efficiently using the hybrid energy control system which we developed. In this paper, we will discuss the designs of the micro FCV, the energy control system, the DCDC converter, and will provide the running experimental results.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126758973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422551
Song-Wook Hyun, Doo-yong Jung, Dong-Kyun Ryu, Young-Real Kim, Yong-Chae Jung, C. Won
This paper proposed lithium-ion based high-voltage battery simulator. Matlab based battery parameters and modeling were implemented, and the characteristics of the modeled batteries were output by using three-phase grid-connected AC / DC PWM converters. The proposed methods were verified by PSIM.
{"title":"High voltage battery simulator based on Lithium Ion battery","authors":"Song-Wook Hyun, Doo-yong Jung, Dong-Kyun Ryu, Young-Real Kim, Yong-Chae Jung, C. Won","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422551","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed lithium-ion based high-voltage battery simulator. Matlab based battery parameters and modeling were implemented, and the characteristics of the modeled batteries were output by using three-phase grid-connected AC / DC PWM converters. The proposed methods were verified by PSIM.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116145868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422787
Sung-Yoon Jung, Ilsu Jeong, K. Nam
A claw pole motor with two field winding is designed. Since the north and south poles of rotor are separately excited, the leakage field in the air gap is minimized and the flux linking with the armature winding is maximized. 3D FEM analysis showed the feasibility of the motor.
{"title":"A claw pole motor design with two field windings","authors":"Sung-Yoon Jung, Ilsu Jeong, K. Nam","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422787","url":null,"abstract":"A claw pole motor with two field winding is designed. Since the north and south poles of rotor are separately excited, the leakage field in the air gap is minimized and the flux linking with the armature winding is maximized. 3D FEM analysis showed the feasibility of the motor.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122880234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422518
Jung-Moo Seo, Young-Kyun Kim, I. Jung, Hyun-Kyo Jung
This paper presents a design of permanent magnet synchronous motor for an agricultural utility vehicle. Based on output characteristics of conventional diesel vehicle, required speed and torque are derived and motor specification is determined. Through finite element analysis and equivalent magnetic circuit model, interior permanent magnet motor which has rated driving condition of 10kW and maximum one of 15kW is designed. In order to reduce cogging torque and increase flux linkage of motor, shape of stator core touching with air gap is analyzed. Trial product is manufactured and verifies the design validity.
{"title":"A study on permanent magnet synchronous motor for agricultural utility vehicle","authors":"Jung-Moo Seo, Young-Kyun Kim, I. Jung, Hyun-Kyo Jung","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422518","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design of permanent magnet synchronous motor for an agricultural utility vehicle. Based on output characteristics of conventional diesel vehicle, required speed and torque are derived and motor specification is determined. Through finite element analysis and equivalent magnetic circuit model, interior permanent magnet motor which has rated driving condition of 10kW and maximum one of 15kW is designed. In order to reduce cogging torque and increase flux linkage of motor, shape of stator core touching with air gap is analyzed. Trial product is manufactured and verifies the design validity.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114485400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422495
Seong-chon Choi, Dooyoung Jung, Dong-gyun Ryu, Jin-Hong Kim, C. Won
In this paper, the 10kW rapid charger is proposed with an additional function of Active Power Filter (APF). The system is composed of the three phase ac-dc PWM converter, isolated dc-dc converter and non-linear load circuit. The ac-dc PWM converter of this charging system is designed to perform charging function and APF function. And it operates charging and APF mode according to the state of load. In charging mode, the isolated dc-dc converter is performed to charge the battery through the Constant Current - Constant Voltage (CC-CV) control and the phase-shift method. However, it is maintained as the non operation (NOP) state during APF mode. To verify the performance of the proposed system, the simulation and experiment were carried out.
{"title":"10kW rapid charger for electric vehicle with active power filter function","authors":"Seong-chon Choi, Dooyoung Jung, Dong-gyun Ryu, Jin-Hong Kim, C. Won","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422495","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the 10kW rapid charger is proposed with an additional function of Active Power Filter (APF). The system is composed of the three phase ac-dc PWM converter, isolated dc-dc converter and non-linear load circuit. The ac-dc PWM converter of this charging system is designed to perform charging function and APF function. And it operates charging and APF mode according to the state of load. In charging mode, the isolated dc-dc converter is performed to charge the battery through the Constant Current - Constant Voltage (CC-CV) control and the phase-shift method. However, it is maintained as the non operation (NOP) state during APF mode. To verify the performance of the proposed system, the simulation and experiment were carried out.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128610358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422786
M. Strauch, S. Dewenter, A. Binder, K. Nam
This paper depicts an analytical way for calculating the electromagnetic characteristics and the no-load iron losses of an electrically excited synchronous traction motor with salient poles for an electric vehicle (EV). The calculations are applied on a machine design, of the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering of the Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea. The calculation of the winding parameters such as the coil length, the resistance per phase including the current displacement effect at high frequencies in the stator winding and the stray reactance as well as the rotor pole stray flux are discussed. The magnetic characteristic is calculated, leading to the no-load and the short-circuit characteristic of the machine at a certain frequency. The analytical results are compared with numerical results, obtained by the Finite Element Software JMAG. The last part is about the analytical calculation of the no-load iron losses using the methods of Bertotti and Steinmetz. Here also a numerical result is used as a validation of the analytic approach.
{"title":"Calculation of the electromagnetic characteristics of an electrically excited synchronous motor for an EV","authors":"M. Strauch, S. Dewenter, A. Binder, K. Nam","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422786","url":null,"abstract":"This paper depicts an analytical way for calculating the electromagnetic characteristics and the no-load iron losses of an electrically excited synchronous traction motor with salient poles for an electric vehicle (EV). The calculations are applied on a machine design, of the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering of the Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea. The calculation of the winding parameters such as the coil length, the resistance per phase including the current displacement effect at high frequencies in the stator winding and the stray reactance as well as the rotor pole stray flux are discussed. The magnetic characteristic is calculated, leading to the no-load and the short-circuit characteristic of the machine at a certain frequency. The analytical results are compared with numerical results, obtained by the Finite Element Software JMAG. The last part is about the analytical calculation of the no-load iron losses using the methods of Bertotti and Steinmetz. Here also a numerical result is used as a validation of the analytic approach.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130378708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422777
T. Letrouvé, A. Bouscayrol, W. Lhomme, N. Dollinger, F. M. Calvairac
During the development phase of a complex system like a Hybrid Electric Vehicle, different steps are done to develop the control and the energy management. Nowadays, only two steps are generally done: simulation and experimentation on the prototype vehicle. For complex system, a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation phase can be inserted between these two steps. In this paper, a HIL simulation of the Peugeot 3∞8 HYbrid4 vehicle is proposed. This vehicle has a double parallel architecture that makes the emulation complex. In order to structure this approach EMR (Energetic Macroscopic Representation) is used.
{"title":"Reduced-scale hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a Peugeot 3∞8 Hybrid4 vehicle","authors":"T. Letrouvé, A. Bouscayrol, W. Lhomme, N. Dollinger, F. M. Calvairac","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422777","url":null,"abstract":"During the development phase of a complex system like a Hybrid Electric Vehicle, different steps are done to develop the control and the energy management. Nowadays, only two steps are generally done: simulation and experimentation on the prototype vehicle. For complex system, a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation phase can be inserted between these two steps. In this paper, a HIL simulation of the Peugeot 3∞8 HYbrid4 vehicle is proposed. This vehicle has a double parallel architecture that makes the emulation complex. In order to structure this approach EMR (Energetic Macroscopic Representation) is used.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126811353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422651
H. Rehman
An Indirect Field Oriented (IFO) induction motor is one of the most commonly used drive system for the alternative energy vehicles. The variation in the rotor time constant due to change in the motor temperature so called the detuning is one of the major problem for such a drive system. This paper proposes an offline and an online technique and compares them for overcoming the detuning problem. The offline technique suggests a slip gain scheduler while the online technique is designed using Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) for the rotor resistance adaptation. The offline scheme sets the slip gain at various operating conditions based on the fact that if the rotor resistance is set properly and field orientation is achieved, then there should be a linear relationship between the torque current and the output torque. The online rotor resistance adaptation technique is based on current model flux observer and it utilizes the fact that the rotor flux along q-axis for an ideal field oriented drive system should be zero. This condition acts as a reference model for the proposed MRAS scheme whiles the current model flux observer is selected as an adjustable model. The rotor resistance in the adjustable model is tuned such that the flux along the q-axis becomes zero thus setting the rotor resistance to its accurate value. The effectiveness of the proposed offline and online schemes for overcoming the detuning problem is analyzed and verified through the experimental results.
{"title":"Detuning minimization for alternative energy vehicular drive system","authors":"H. Rehman","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422651","url":null,"abstract":"An Indirect Field Oriented (IFO) induction motor is one of the most commonly used drive system for the alternative energy vehicles. The variation in the rotor time constant due to change in the motor temperature so called the detuning is one of the major problem for such a drive system. This paper proposes an offline and an online technique and compares them for overcoming the detuning problem. The offline technique suggests a slip gain scheduler while the online technique is designed using Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) for the rotor resistance adaptation. The offline scheme sets the slip gain at various operating conditions based on the fact that if the rotor resistance is set properly and field orientation is achieved, then there should be a linear relationship between the torque current and the output torque. The online rotor resistance adaptation technique is based on current model flux observer and it utilizes the fact that the rotor flux along q-axis for an ideal field oriented drive system should be zero. This condition acts as a reference model for the proposed MRAS scheme whiles the current model flux observer is selected as an adjustable model. The rotor resistance in the adjustable model is tuned such that the flux along the q-axis becomes zero thus setting the rotor resistance to its accurate value. The effectiveness of the proposed offline and online schemes for overcoming the detuning problem is analyzed and verified through the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130577136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422563
Gou Jinfang, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin, Zhang Junzhi, Yue Xiaowei
Driver can operate accelerator pedal and brake pedal to control the driving force and the braking force exerted on vehicle. For electric vehicles, it is possible that the braking force can be controlled by manipulating the accelerator pedal because of the regenerative braking function. In this paper, fuzzy control theory is employed to calculate regenerative braking force during releasing accelerator pedal based on the accelerator pedal opening and its change rate. Two modes are designed to coordinate the braking forces defined by accelerator pedal and brake pedal. One mode is engine braking imitation mode, and the other is auxiliary braking mode. The simulation results show that engine braking imitation mode can provide the similar driving feel to internal combustion engine vehicle. Auxiliary braking mode changes the traditional driving habit, but it has much higher regenerative efficiency. Auxiliary braking mode is suitable for the city driving condition which has frequent braking requirement.
{"title":"The coordinated control of motor regenerative braking torques defined by accelerator pedal and brake pedal of electric vehicle","authors":"Gou Jinfang, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin, Zhang Junzhi, Yue Xiaowei","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422563","url":null,"abstract":"Driver can operate accelerator pedal and brake pedal to control the driving force and the braking force exerted on vehicle. For electric vehicles, it is possible that the braking force can be controlled by manipulating the accelerator pedal because of the regenerative braking function. In this paper, fuzzy control theory is employed to calculate regenerative braking force during releasing accelerator pedal based on the accelerator pedal opening and its change rate. Two modes are designed to coordinate the braking forces defined by accelerator pedal and brake pedal. One mode is engine braking imitation mode, and the other is auxiliary braking mode. The simulation results show that engine braking imitation mode can provide the similar driving feel to internal combustion engine vehicle. Auxiliary braking mode changes the traditional driving habit, but it has much higher regenerative efficiency. Auxiliary braking mode is suitable for the city driving condition which has frequent braking requirement.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124169215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422706
Su-Jin Lee, Jung-Pyo Hong, Woo-Kyo Jang
This paper presents a result of the electrical characteristics analysis as well as the mechanical noise and vibration of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) according to the lead angles. To do that, the characteristics of the 3-phase BLDC motor using six step square waves, such as the input current, torque, torque ripple and the torque ratio per input current, are compared by finite element analysis (FEA) and dynamic simulation. Additionally, In order to evaluate the effect of the radial force on the vibration, then the equivalent magnetizing current method is used to calculate the local force which then is employed in the mechanical FEA. Based on the results in this paper, the lead angle adjustment method for BLDC motor is going to be the rule for the determination of the lead angle. The validity of the analysis result is verified by comparing the analyzed results with measured ones.
{"title":"Characteristics comparison of BLDC motor according to the lead angles","authors":"Su-Jin Lee, Jung-Pyo Hong, Woo-Kyo Jang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422706","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a result of the electrical characteristics analysis as well as the mechanical noise and vibration of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) according to the lead angles. To do that, the characteristics of the 3-phase BLDC motor using six step square waves, such as the input current, torque, torque ripple and the torque ratio per input current, are compared by finite element analysis (FEA) and dynamic simulation. Additionally, In order to evaluate the effect of the radial force on the vibration, then the equivalent magnetizing current method is used to calculate the local force which then is employed in the mechanical FEA. Based on the results in this paper, the lead angle adjustment method for BLDC motor is going to be the rule for the determination of the lead angle. The validity of the analysis result is verified by comparing the analyzed results with measured ones.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124226312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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