Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422662
Tae-hoon Kim, Nam-Ju Park, Rae-Young Kim, D. Hyun
The paper presents a high efficient charge equalizing circuit for series connected battery cells using the inductor voltage second balance and the transformer coupling principle. The proposed circuit is motivated from a general buck-boost converter with a multi-winding transformer coupling, and operates under zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) condition, which is achieved by only one single resonant circuitry through a multi-winding transformer coupling effect. In this paper, the principle of operation and design consideration is explained detail. To verify the proposed circuit, prototype board is built and experimented. Based on the multi-winding transformer coupling and ZVZCS switching operation, the proposed circuit provides a fast balancing speed and a high switching frequency operation, which result in a cost, size and weight reduction.
{"title":"Low cost multiple zero voltage/zero current switching battery equalization circuit with single soft-switching resonant cell","authors":"Tae-hoon Kim, Nam-Ju Park, Rae-Young Kim, D. Hyun","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422662","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a high efficient charge equalizing circuit for series connected battery cells using the inductor voltage second balance and the transformer coupling principle. The proposed circuit is motivated from a general buck-boost converter with a multi-winding transformer coupling, and operates under zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) condition, which is achieved by only one single resonant circuitry through a multi-winding transformer coupling effect. In this paper, the principle of operation and design consideration is explained detail. To verify the proposed circuit, prototype board is built and experimented. Based on the multi-winding transformer coupling and ZVZCS switching operation, the proposed circuit provides a fast balancing speed and a high switching frequency operation, which result in a cost, size and weight reduction.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129800060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422701
J. Merkisz, J. Markowski, J. Pielecha
This paper presents the results of the tests on the exhaust emissions from a turboprop engine used for the propulsion of PZL W-3 Sokol helicopter. The tests were conducted in pre-flight conditions. The paper presents the test results and their analysis that enabled the determining of the values of the brake-specific emissions at selected load points. The load values were determined based on the courses of the parameters recorded by an on-board flight recorder during the pre-flight test. The obtained values of the brake-specific emissions as assigned to the engine load conditions were used for the evaluation of the emissions of the helicopter under actual operating conditions. The load conditions of the powertrain were determined based on the analysis of the operating data as obtained from several archival flight records. The analysis enabled an obtainment of the values of the exhaust emissions generated during the actual operating conditions of the helicopter.
{"title":"Exhaust emissions from the PZL W-3 Sokol helicopter based on the measurements of the concentrations of exhaust components in the exhaust gases during a pre-flight test","authors":"J. Merkisz, J. Markowski, J. Pielecha","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422701","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the tests on the exhaust emissions from a turboprop engine used for the propulsion of PZL W-3 Sokol helicopter. The tests were conducted in pre-flight conditions. The paper presents the test results and their analysis that enabled the determining of the values of the brake-specific emissions at selected load points. The load values were determined based on the courses of the parameters recorded by an on-board flight recorder during the pre-flight test. The obtained values of the brake-specific emissions as assigned to the engine load conditions were used for the evaluation of the emissions of the helicopter under actual operating conditions. The load conditions of the powertrain were determined based on the analysis of the operating data as obtained from several archival flight records. The analysis enabled an obtainment of the values of the exhaust emissions generated during the actual operating conditions of the helicopter.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129783773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422589
Kook-Nam Sung, Woo-Cheol Lee, Taeck-Ki Lee
In this paper, when voltage sag of the normal grid voltage occurs, detecting the peak voltage for fast mode transfer method is proposed. The conventional detector of sag voltage used in synchronous d-q frame by Digital Phase-Locked-Loop(DPLL). However using this method, the delay time is longer. Despite the sag occurrence of grid voltage, it cannot reflect a sudden change of the grid voltage in the moment of voltage sag, which causes a resulted peak value to be significantly distorted and momentary interruption. Sag detection method is proposed by reducing the delay time caused by these sag. Its effectiveness and capability in instantly detecting are verified via PSIM simulations and experimental results.
{"title":"The sag detection strategy for seamless transfer APF-UPS system","authors":"Kook-Nam Sung, Woo-Cheol Lee, Taeck-Ki Lee","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422589","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, when voltage sag of the normal grid voltage occurs, detecting the peak voltage for fast mode transfer method is proposed. The conventional detector of sag voltage used in synchronous d-q frame by Digital Phase-Locked-Loop(DPLL). However using this method, the delay time is longer. Despite the sag occurrence of grid voltage, it cannot reflect a sudden change of the grid voltage in the moment of voltage sag, which causes a resulted peak value to be significantly distorted and momentary interruption. Sag detection method is proposed by reducing the delay time caused by these sag. Its effectiveness and capability in instantly detecting are verified via PSIM simulations and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127782516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a technical performance issue motors & controllers in the air compressors for electric or commercial vehicles. In the current existing air-compressor are using the belt-driven or DC motor-driven for commercial vehicles. Belt-driven type compressor has low efficiency characteristics. Depending on the speed and load changes is operating at low efficiency point. Using air compressor driven by DC motor demands for high energy efficiency. However, it is difficult to use them in practical application because the motor reliability issue arise abrasion of the brushes. In order to overcome this inconvenience, the driving modules using the Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high efficiency and reliability have recently drawn attention on the market with many applications in the public buses and commercial vehicles. The paper presents the designing in an all-in-one structure incorporating with the BLAC motor, controllers, and the mechanical part of the air compressor. Moreover, the analysis of these characteristics and performance tests are shown.
{"title":"Development of the 0.5kW motor & controller on air compressor for commercial hybrid or electric vehicles","authors":"Daeseak Cha, Sang-Taek Lee, Ju-hee Cho, Sung-Geun Song, Man-Seung Han, Heejun Kim","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a technical performance issue motors & controllers in the air compressors for electric or commercial vehicles. In the current existing air-compressor are using the belt-driven or DC motor-driven for commercial vehicles. Belt-driven type compressor has low efficiency characteristics. Depending on the speed and load changes is operating at low efficiency point. Using air compressor driven by DC motor demands for high energy efficiency. However, it is difficult to use them in practical application because the motor reliability issue arise abrasion of the brushes. In order to overcome this inconvenience, the driving modules using the Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high efficiency and reliability have recently drawn attention on the market with many applications in the public buses and commercial vehicles. The paper presents the designing in an all-in-one structure incorporating with the BLAC motor, controllers, and the mechanical part of the air compressor. Moreover, the analysis of these characteristics and performance tests are shown.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128790255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422647
F. Kurokawa, A. Yamanishi
This paper presents a new reference model digital control dc-dc converter and its transient characteristics. A reference value is modified to suppress the transient response against the change of output voltage by the reference model control. The modifying of reference value operates only when the output voltage becomes larger than a plus-minus 1% from the steady state value. Using the proposed method, the convergence time of output voltage is improved 99% than the conventional method. In addition, the undershoot of output voltage and the overshoot of reactor current are improved 86% and 77%, respectively. Moreover, it is confirmed that the proposed method can suppress transient responses against various widths of the load step-change.
{"title":"A new reference model digital control DC-DC converter","authors":"F. Kurokawa, A. Yamanishi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422647","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new reference model digital control dc-dc converter and its transient characteristics. A reference value is modified to suppress the transient response against the change of output voltage by the reference model control. The modifying of reference value operates only when the output voltage becomes larger than a plus-minus 1% from the steady state value. Using the proposed method, the convergence time of output voltage is improved 99% than the conventional method. In addition, the undershoot of output voltage and the overshoot of reactor current are improved 86% and 77%, respectively. Moreover, it is confirmed that the proposed method can suppress transient responses against various widths of the load step-change.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126466792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422636
O. Konig, S. Jakubek, G. Prochart
With battery emulators, development engineers can test electrical drives on testbeds without the need for costly battery prototypes. Furthermore, valuable time for battery pre-conditioning can be saved. However, high quality battery emulation is a challenge that requires a good battery model and accurate emulation of the model with a controllable power supply. A high-fidelity nonlinear battery model based on local model networks is used. This allows the extraction of local linear models for impedance emulation with a switch model DC-DC converter. Local linear battery models and a model of the converter are combined to a prediction model which is used for designing a model predictive controller. In contrast to existing impedance emulation schemes with cascaded feedback loops, the virtual impedance is included in the inner voltage control loop in order to achieve the highest possible bandwidth. Owing to constrained optimal control, this is achieved while respecting control variable constraints and inductor current safety limits. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed battery impedance emulation scheme.
{"title":"Battery impedance emulation for hybrid and electric powertrain testing","authors":"O. Konig, S. Jakubek, G. Prochart","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422636","url":null,"abstract":"With battery emulators, development engineers can test electrical drives on testbeds without the need for costly battery prototypes. Furthermore, valuable time for battery pre-conditioning can be saved. However, high quality battery emulation is a challenge that requires a good battery model and accurate emulation of the model with a controllable power supply. A high-fidelity nonlinear battery model based on local model networks is used. This allows the extraction of local linear models for impedance emulation with a switch model DC-DC converter. Local linear battery models and a model of the converter are combined to a prediction model which is used for designing a model predictive controller. In contrast to existing impedance emulation schemes with cascaded feedback loops, the virtual impedance is included in the inner voltage control loop in order to achieve the highest possible bandwidth. Owing to constrained optimal control, this is achieved while respecting control variable constraints and inductor current safety limits. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed battery impedance emulation scheme.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126689156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422785
Young-kyoun Kim, Lee Jeong, S. Rhyu, I. Jung
This paper presents a design of permanent magnet synchronous motor for a neighborhood electric vehicle. The drive-train component of the electric vehicles is frequently using IPMSM because that this motor has the advantages of high power density and high efficiency. In this paper, through finite element analysis and equivalent magnetic circuit model, Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) design and analysis for NEV having the operation speed of 2500rpm and 6000rpm. Trial product is manufactured and verifies the design validity.
{"title":"A study on permanent magnet synchronous motor for neighborhood electric vehicle","authors":"Young-kyoun Kim, Lee Jeong, S. Rhyu, I. Jung","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422785","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design of permanent magnet synchronous motor for a neighborhood electric vehicle. The drive-train component of the electric vehicles is frequently using IPMSM because that this motor has the advantages of high power density and high efficiency. In this paper, through finite element analysis and equivalent magnetic circuit model, Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) design and analysis for NEV having the operation speed of 2500rpm and 6000rpm. Trial product is manufactured and verifies the design validity.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126089306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422489
Jin Ki Lee, Hoi-Bin Jung, S. Jo
In this study, it will attempt to verify the performance and SITMS service in seamless communication environments that offers vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to infrastructure (V2X). We select indications for the basic test; average throughput, packet loss rate, coverage, response time, link access time. This paper presents test method and performance results of the SMART Highway communication, IEEE 802.11p (WAVE).
{"title":"The evaluation of WAVE communication for seamless services under V2I environment","authors":"Jin Ki Lee, Hoi-Bin Jung, S. Jo","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422489","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it will attempt to verify the performance and SITMS service in seamless communication environments that offers vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to infrastructure (V2X). We select indications for the basic test; average throughput, packet loss rate, coverage, response time, link access time. This paper presents test method and performance results of the SMART Highway communication, IEEE 802.11p (WAVE).","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"59 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114011331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422665
Moonsoo Kim, Chol-Ho Kim, Jun-Ho Kim, G. Moon
In the lithium-ion batteries for an electric-drive vehicle, the cell balancing is required to enhance life time of batteries and to guarantee safety. In the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system, batteries of electric-drive vehicle are more frequently charged or discharged, which increases probability of cell imbalance. Therefore, battery management system (BMS) with efficient cell balancing operation is necessary. To achieve efficient management of lithium-ion batteries with high capacity for the V2G system, this paper proposes a modularized BMS structure with an active cell balancing circuit. The proposed BMS shares a multifunctional switching block for cell voltage monitoring and cell balancing. By sharing monitoring and balancing operation, a cost-effective BMS with small size can be achieved. In this paper, the structure and operational principles of the proposed BMS are presented. To confirm the validity of the proposed scheme, a prototype of 20 lithium-ion batteries with 25Ah is designed and implemented. Cell balancing performance is also verified by an experiment.
{"title":"A modularized BMS with an active cell balancing circuit for lithium-ion batteries in V2G system","authors":"Moonsoo Kim, Chol-Ho Kim, Jun-Ho Kim, G. Moon","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422665","url":null,"abstract":"In the lithium-ion batteries for an electric-drive vehicle, the cell balancing is required to enhance life time of batteries and to guarantee safety. In the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system, batteries of electric-drive vehicle are more frequently charged or discharged, which increases probability of cell imbalance. Therefore, battery management system (BMS) with efficient cell balancing operation is necessary. To achieve efficient management of lithium-ion batteries with high capacity for the V2G system, this paper proposes a modularized BMS structure with an active cell balancing circuit. The proposed BMS shares a multifunctional switching block for cell voltage monitoring and cell balancing. By sharing monitoring and balancing operation, a cost-effective BMS with small size can be achieved. In this paper, the structure and operational principles of the proposed BMS are presented. To confirm the validity of the proposed scheme, a prototype of 20 lithium-ion batteries with 25Ah is designed and implemented. Cell balancing performance is also verified by an experiment.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"66 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114365864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422743
Yue Xiaowei, Zhang Junzhi, Lv Chen, Gou Jinfang, Kong Decong
The vehicle stability control system (VSC in short) is an advanced active safety system. The vehicle dynamic models are built with eight degrees of freedom, including vehicle body model, tire model, motor model, braking system model in Matlab/simulink. A two-DOF model is designed to compute nominal situation of the vehicle and control algorithms of vehicle stability control system based on PID control and differential brake are developed. Finally, computational simulations in four typical working situations according to the standard ISO-TC22/SC9 are made to analyze the vehicle stability control system.
{"title":"Computational simulation on VSC based on PID coordinated control algorithm and differential brake","authors":"Yue Xiaowei, Zhang Junzhi, Lv Chen, Gou Jinfang, Kong Decong","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422743","url":null,"abstract":"The vehicle stability control system (VSC in short) is an advanced active safety system. The vehicle dynamic models are built with eight degrees of freedom, including vehicle body model, tire model, motor model, braking system model in Matlab/simulink. A two-DOF model is designed to compute nominal situation of the vehicle and control algorithms of vehicle stability control system based on PID control and differential brake are developed. Finally, computational simulations in four typical working situations according to the standard ISO-TC22/SC9 are made to analyze the vehicle stability control system.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122558414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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