Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422698
J. Merkisz, J. Pielecha, P. Fuć, P. Lijewski
The paper discusses the possibilities of measurement of the exhaust emissions generated by city buses operating in public transit. The currently used methods of exhaust emission measurement under laboratory conditions on engine test beds do not entirely reflect the varied driving conditions under which the vehicles are operated. The paper presents the results of the in-use exhaust emission measurements performed on city buses using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). The paper focuses on the road tests methodology as well as the interpretation of the obtained results.
{"title":"The analysis of the PEMS measurements of the exhaust emissions from city buses using different research procedures","authors":"J. Merkisz, J. Pielecha, P. Fuć, P. Lijewski","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422698","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the possibilities of measurement of the exhaust emissions generated by city buses operating in public transit. The currently used methods of exhaust emission measurement under laboratory conditions on engine test beds do not entirely reflect the varied driving conditions under which the vehicles are operated. The paper presents the results of the in-use exhaust emission measurements performed on city buses using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). The paper focuses on the road tests methodology as well as the interpretation of the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125414854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422647
F. Kurokawa, A. Yamanishi
This paper presents a new reference model digital control dc-dc converter and its transient characteristics. A reference value is modified to suppress the transient response against the change of output voltage by the reference model control. The modifying of reference value operates only when the output voltage becomes larger than a plus-minus 1% from the steady state value. Using the proposed method, the convergence time of output voltage is improved 99% than the conventional method. In addition, the undershoot of output voltage and the overshoot of reactor current are improved 86% and 77%, respectively. Moreover, it is confirmed that the proposed method can suppress transient responses against various widths of the load step-change.
{"title":"A new reference model digital control DC-DC converter","authors":"F. Kurokawa, A. Yamanishi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422647","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new reference model digital control dc-dc converter and its transient characteristics. A reference value is modified to suppress the transient response against the change of output voltage by the reference model control. The modifying of reference value operates only when the output voltage becomes larger than a plus-minus 1% from the steady state value. Using the proposed method, the convergence time of output voltage is improved 99% than the conventional method. In addition, the undershoot of output voltage and the overshoot of reactor current are improved 86% and 77%, respectively. Moreover, it is confirmed that the proposed method can suppress transient responses against various widths of the load step-change.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126466792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422654
A. Brune, P. Duck, B. Ponick, A. Kock, M. Groninger
In this paper, a new method for an accurate and also time-saving calculation of permanent magnet synchronous machines is presented. The method is based on a coupled numerical-analytical approach. The aim is to determine efficiency optimized torque-speed characteristics of the drive system. The novel approach considers all kinds of losses, such as switching and conduction losses of the inverter, copper losses, friction losses as well as saturation-dependent hysteresis and eddy current losses of the electrical machine. The presented approach is verified by measurements of a high-torque wheel hub drive.
{"title":"Evaluation of an efficiency-optimized calculation of PM synchronous machines' operating range using time-saving numerical and analytical coupling","authors":"A. Brune, P. Duck, B. Ponick, A. Kock, M. Groninger","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422654","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new method for an accurate and also time-saving calculation of permanent magnet synchronous machines is presented. The method is based on a coupled numerical-analytical approach. The aim is to determine efficiency optimized torque-speed characteristics of the drive system. The novel approach considers all kinds of losses, such as switching and conduction losses of the inverter, copper losses, friction losses as well as saturation-dependent hysteresis and eddy current losses of the electrical machine. The presented approach is verified by measurements of a high-torque wheel hub drive.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126528231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422615
Kwan-ho Kim, S. Jang, Ji-Hwan Choi, Ji-Hun An
This paper deals with the design criteria of active thrust magnetic damper (ATMD) using improved equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method and finite element method (FEM). Because the EMC method which is commonly used in initial design of ATMD has low accuracy of result, this paper suggested improved EMC method considering fringing. Then, detail design is made up by 3D-FEM. Based on this method, ATMD is manufactured and proven whether satisfying the requirements or not by experiments.
{"title":"Design criteria of active thrust magnetic damper in a flywheel system using improved equivalent magnetic circuit method and finite element method","authors":"Kwan-ho Kim, S. Jang, Ji-Hwan Choi, Ji-Hun An","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422615","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the design criteria of active thrust magnetic damper (ATMD) using improved equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method and finite element method (FEM). Because the EMC method which is commonly used in initial design of ATMD has low accuracy of result, this paper suggested improved EMC method considering fringing. Then, detail design is made up by 3D-FEM. Based on this method, ATMD is manufactured and proven whether satisfying the requirements or not by experiments.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"43 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120859805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422589
Kook-Nam Sung, Woo-Cheol Lee, Taeck-Ki Lee
In this paper, when voltage sag of the normal grid voltage occurs, detecting the peak voltage for fast mode transfer method is proposed. The conventional detector of sag voltage used in synchronous d-q frame by Digital Phase-Locked-Loop(DPLL). However using this method, the delay time is longer. Despite the sag occurrence of grid voltage, it cannot reflect a sudden change of the grid voltage in the moment of voltage sag, which causes a resulted peak value to be significantly distorted and momentary interruption. Sag detection method is proposed by reducing the delay time caused by these sag. Its effectiveness and capability in instantly detecting are verified via PSIM simulations and experimental results.
{"title":"The sag detection strategy for seamless transfer APF-UPS system","authors":"Kook-Nam Sung, Woo-Cheol Lee, Taeck-Ki Lee","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422589","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, when voltage sag of the normal grid voltage occurs, detecting the peak voltage for fast mode transfer method is proposed. The conventional detector of sag voltage used in synchronous d-q frame by Digital Phase-Locked-Loop(DPLL). However using this method, the delay time is longer. Despite the sag occurrence of grid voltage, it cannot reflect a sudden change of the grid voltage in the moment of voltage sag, which causes a resulted peak value to be significantly distorted and momentary interruption. Sag detection method is proposed by reducing the delay time caused by these sag. Its effectiveness and capability in instantly detecting are verified via PSIM simulations and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127782516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a technical performance issue motors & controllers in the air compressors for electric or commercial vehicles. In the current existing air-compressor are using the belt-driven or DC motor-driven for commercial vehicles. Belt-driven type compressor has low efficiency characteristics. Depending on the speed and load changes is operating at low efficiency point. Using air compressor driven by DC motor demands for high energy efficiency. However, it is difficult to use them in practical application because the motor reliability issue arise abrasion of the brushes. In order to overcome this inconvenience, the driving modules using the Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high efficiency and reliability have recently drawn attention on the market with many applications in the public buses and commercial vehicles. The paper presents the designing in an all-in-one structure incorporating with the BLAC motor, controllers, and the mechanical part of the air compressor. Moreover, the analysis of these characteristics and performance tests are shown.
{"title":"Development of the 0.5kW motor & controller on air compressor for commercial hybrid or electric vehicles","authors":"Daeseak Cha, Sang-Taek Lee, Ju-hee Cho, Sung-Geun Song, Man-Seung Han, Heejun Kim","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a technical performance issue motors & controllers in the air compressors for electric or commercial vehicles. In the current existing air-compressor are using the belt-driven or DC motor-driven for commercial vehicles. Belt-driven type compressor has low efficiency characteristics. Depending on the speed and load changes is operating at low efficiency point. Using air compressor driven by DC motor demands for high energy efficiency. However, it is difficult to use them in practical application because the motor reliability issue arise abrasion of the brushes. In order to overcome this inconvenience, the driving modules using the Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high efficiency and reliability have recently drawn attention on the market with many applications in the public buses and commercial vehicles. The paper presents the designing in an all-in-one structure incorporating with the BLAC motor, controllers, and the mechanical part of the air compressor. Moreover, the analysis of these characteristics and performance tests are shown.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128790255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422554
Sung Pil Ha, Jung Hyo Lee, J. Hwang, Jun-Hyuk Choi, C. Won
A pulse width modulation-voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) outputs distorted voltage that has a bad effect on torque and speed. Also speed range of traction motor is limited on output voltage. In order to solve problem, this paper propose the control method. It can adjust the DC-link voltage of PWM-VSI by using a two phase interleaved bidirectional DC-DC converter. Also the method can response high power of vehicle. By replacing the diode of output with the switch, the system can operate the regenerative mode. According to mode selection, Proposed topology operates buck mode and boost mode, regenerate buck mode. Proposed method is verified by the simulation and experiment result.
{"title":"Two phase interleaved bidirectional DC-DC converter for electric vehicle using variable DC-link voltage","authors":"Sung Pil Ha, Jung Hyo Lee, J. Hwang, Jun-Hyuk Choi, C. Won","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422554","url":null,"abstract":"A pulse width modulation-voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) outputs distorted voltage that has a bad effect on torque and speed. Also speed range of traction motor is limited on output voltage. In order to solve problem, this paper propose the control method. It can adjust the DC-link voltage of PWM-VSI by using a two phase interleaved bidirectional DC-DC converter. Also the method can response high power of vehicle. By replacing the diode of output with the switch, the system can operate the regenerative mode. According to mode selection, Proposed topology operates buck mode and boost mode, regenerate buck mode. Proposed method is verified by the simulation and experiment result.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130604139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422685
Gyeong-Chan Lee, T. Jung
The Radial Field Permanent Magnet(RFPM) generator has numerous advantages such as high output voltage and high output power, high efficiency. In addition, the manufacturing is easier than AFPM generator. However, the slotted RFPM generator produces the cogging torque. It would increase torque ripple and generate vibration and noise. In this paper, the design analysis of the electromagnetic structure and the cogging torque reduction of RFPM generator for wind turbine is studied. Firstly, the design of the pole-arc ratio to increase the output generated voltage and to reduce the cogging torque is studied. Secondly, the design of the displacement angle of the inner stator and the outer stator to reduce the cogging torque is studied. The design of RFPM generator was calculated by 2D FEM(Finite Element Method).
{"title":"Design study of dual stator Radial Field Permanent Magnet generator for small wind turbine","authors":"Gyeong-Chan Lee, T. Jung","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422685","url":null,"abstract":"The Radial Field Permanent Magnet(RFPM) generator has numerous advantages such as high output voltage and high output power, high efficiency. In addition, the manufacturing is easier than AFPM generator. However, the slotted RFPM generator produces the cogging torque. It would increase torque ripple and generate vibration and noise. In this paper, the design analysis of the electromagnetic structure and the cogging torque reduction of RFPM generator for wind turbine is studied. Firstly, the design of the pole-arc ratio to increase the output generated voltage and to reduce the cogging torque is studied. Secondly, the design of the displacement angle of the inner stator and the outer stator to reduce the cogging torque is studied. The design of RFPM generator was calculated by 2D FEM(Finite Element Method).","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130639004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422672
Xiaogang Wu, Languang Lu
Based on the analysis of configuration of Range Extended Electric Bus (REEB), the article studies two energy management strategy, which are Charge-Depleting Charge-Sustaining (CDCS) and blended type. On the foundation of creating a vehicle simulation model, the article takes a simulation analysis on the economy of Range Extended Electric Bus. Take the Chinese city bus driving cycle conditions of daily travel mileage 200km for example, the simulation results show that comparing with blended control strategy, Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) application load following control methods with CDCS management strategy have certain improvement on the electric consumption and fuel consumption.
{"title":"Simulation research of energy management strategy for range extended electric bus","authors":"Xiaogang Wu, Languang Lu","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422672","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of configuration of Range Extended Electric Bus (REEB), the article studies two energy management strategy, which are Charge-Depleting Charge-Sustaining (CDCS) and blended type. On the foundation of creating a vehicle simulation model, the article takes a simulation analysis on the economy of Range Extended Electric Bus. Take the Chinese city bus driving cycle conditions of daily travel mileage 200km for example, the simulation results show that comparing with blended control strategy, Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) application load following control methods with CDCS management strategy have certain improvement on the electric consumption and fuel consumption.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116604202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422627
Byunghwan Kim, Jeongho Lee, Y. Jeong, Byunghee Kang, Kinam Kim, Yeonho Kim, Youngju Park
This paper summarizes the development processes of 50kW induction motor for electric vehicle. The main goal of the motor development was to produce the motor satisfying the provided design and performance requirements. In this paper, motor design and performance requirements will be presented and electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical design and analysis results will be also introduced. And finally performance characteristics of the manufactured motors will be checked from various test results.
{"title":"Development of 50kW traction induction motor for electric vehicle (EV)","authors":"Byunghwan Kim, Jeongho Lee, Y. Jeong, Byunghee Kang, Kinam Kim, Yeonho Kim, Youngju Park","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2012.6422627","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the development processes of 50kW induction motor for electric vehicle. The main goal of the motor development was to produce the motor satisfying the provided design and performance requirements. In this paper, motor design and performance requirements will be presented and electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical design and analysis results will be also introduced. And finally performance characteristics of the manufactured motors will be checked from various test results.","PeriodicalId":341659,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116654205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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