Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2264
Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Tariq Nadeem, Adnan, Abdul Jalal, Ishfaq Ahmad, Abdul Samad
Background: Any component of the urinary system can get infected with bacteria, which is known as a urinary tract infection (UTI). It is one of the most common bacterial diseases in children. The study's objectives included identifying the clinical symptoms of UTI in children between the ages of one month and fifteen, as well as the bacteria responsible for the illness and their sensitivity to various medicines.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the CMH Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to June of 2022. Our analysis comprised 137 strongly suspected instances of UTI in children (1 month to 15 years old).Results: A total of 137 urine samples from paediatric patients suspected of having UTI were obtained in which the 93 samples (67.88%) generated significant bacteria. The two most common clinical symptoms of UTI patients in our research were fever and dysuria. E. coli was the most prevalent isolate in cases with paediatric UTI. Ampicillin, cephalosporins, and co-trimoxazole were the medications that were most effective against E. coli and Klebsiella, respectively.Conclusions: The age range between 1 and 5 years old was the one most usually affected by UTI. We must be aware of the need of doing a urine culture sensitivity test before to starting antimicrobial medicine in order to detect UTI early, avoid recurrent UTI, and reduce paediatric morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Clinico-Laboratory Profile And Drug Sensitivity Pattern In Urinary Tract Infection Of Children In A Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Tariq Nadeem, Adnan, Abdul Jalal, Ishfaq Ahmad, Abdul Samad","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2264","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Any component of the urinary system can get infected with bacteria, which is known as a urinary tract infection (UTI). It is one of the most common bacterial diseases in children. The study's objectives included identifying the clinical symptoms of UTI in children between the ages of one month and fifteen, as well as the bacteria responsible for the illness and their sensitivity to various medicines.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the CMH Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to June of 2022. Our analysis comprised 137 strongly suspected instances of UTI in children (1 month to 15 years old).Results: A total of 137 urine samples from paediatric patients suspected of having UTI were obtained in which the 93 samples (67.88%) generated significant bacteria. The two most common clinical symptoms of UTI patients in our research were fever and dysuria. E. coli was the most prevalent isolate in cases with paediatric UTI. Ampicillin, cephalosporins, and co-trimoxazole were the medications that were most effective against E. coli and Klebsiella, respectively.Conclusions: The age range between 1 and 5 years old was the one most usually affected by UTI. We must be aware of the need of doing a urine culture sensitivity test before to starting antimicrobial medicine in order to detect UTI early, avoid recurrent UTI, and reduce paediatric morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2329
Muhammad Hassaan Farooq, Afnan Rizwan, I. Mughal, Syed Haider Raza Rizvi, Amna Faruqi, Asma Irfan
Objectives: To determine the association of Apgar score with maternal age and hemoglobin. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on mothers (n=306) delivering live, full-term, singleton babies by spontaneous vertex delivery. Women who suffered stillbirths had babies of unknown gestational age or showed co-morbidities were excluded. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Mean + standard deviation, and percentages were calculated. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression were done to see the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value of <0.05 was statistically significant. Results The ages of women ranged from 20 to 40 years (mean= 25+1.9). The number of patients aged 24 years with Hb <7g/dl was 6 (37.5%). Out of all, 90 (29.4%) patients had Hb >11g/dl, and their ages were 30 years which was significant (p = 0.000). Apgar score for the neonates showed that 258 (84.3%) had an Apgar score >7 while 48 (15.7%) had a score < 7. Babies of mothers whose age was 26 years had Apgar score < 7(25%) (p = 0.001). Neonatal birth weight, of <2kg was observed in infants born to young mothers of 26 years of age (20%) (p = 0.001), and a weight >3.5kg was recorded in 20 infants (6.5%). The younger mothers had lower Hb, and their babies had low Apgar scores <7 at the time of birth (p = 0.001). Conclusion Women of younger age and lower hemoglobin levels give birth to infants with low Apgar scores and birth weight. Low birth weight in neonates is significantly associated with a low five-minute Apgar score.
{"title":"Association Of Maternal Age And Hemoglobin Level With Apgar Score Of Newborns In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Suburbs Of Islamabad","authors":"Muhammad Hassaan Farooq, Afnan Rizwan, I. Mughal, Syed Haider Raza Rizvi, Amna Faruqi, Asma Irfan","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2329","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the association of Apgar score with maternal age and hemoglobin. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on mothers (n=306) delivering live, full-term, singleton babies by spontaneous vertex delivery. Women who suffered stillbirths had babies of unknown gestational age or showed co-morbidities were excluded. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Mean + standard deviation, and percentages were calculated. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression were done to see the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value of <0.05 was statistically significant. Results The ages of women ranged from 20 to 40 years (mean= 25+1.9). The number of patients aged 24 years with Hb <7g/dl was 6 (37.5%). Out of all, 90 (29.4%) patients had Hb >11g/dl, and their ages were 30 years which was significant (p = 0.000). Apgar score for the neonates showed that 258 (84.3%) had an Apgar score >7 while 48 (15.7%) had a score < 7. Babies of mothers whose age was 26 years had Apgar score < 7(25%) (p = 0.001). Neonatal birth weight, of <2kg was observed in infants born to young mothers of 26 years of age (20%) (p = 0.001), and a weight >3.5kg was recorded in 20 infants (6.5%). The younger mothers had lower Hb, and their babies had low Apgar scores <7 at the time of birth (p = 0.001). Conclusion Women of younger age and lower hemoglobin levels give birth to infants with low Apgar scores and birth weight. Low birth weight in neonates is significantly associated with a low five-minute Apgar score.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2336
Shazia Mehreen, Muhammad Usman, Kashif Rauf, Saima Naz, Muhammad Abdul Rab Faisal Sultan, Muhammad Akram Randhawa
Objective: To determine the validity of 75gms (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) OGTT for the detection of GDM keeping 100gms OGTT as the gold standard. Methodology: This was a Cross-sectional validation study done at the Mother and Child Health Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The duration of the study was Six months from the approval of the synopsis. Data was collected from March 2019 to September 2019. Informed consent for participating in the study was taken from all 205 patients. The patients' bio data along with the hospital registration number was entered pro forma. The patients were assessed initially by History taking and examination. All pregnant women underwent a 75g oral glucose test in the 2nd trimester at 24-28 weeks of gestation. For this, the patients were sent to the MCH laboratory with overnight fasting where FBS was taken and they were given a 75 g glucose drink. Their blood sample was taken at 1-hour and 2-hour interval. Two or more elevated values out of the 3 blood samples were sufficient to diagnose GDM. Laboratory reports were reviewed and data was entered in the performa (attached) by the researcher. All the diagnosed patients were further evaluated for a 100g OGTT dose at the MCH laboratory with overnight fasting. Their FBS was studied and women were given a 100 g glucose drink and blood samples were drawn at an interval of 1, 2 and 3 hours respectively. Out of the 4 blood samples, two or more elevated values were sufficient to diagnose GDM. Lab reports were entered in the Performa. Results: From a total of 205 patients, the sensitivity and specificity of OGTT-75 g for diagnosing GDM were 83.02% and 82.83%. However, positive predictive and negative predictive value for OGTT-75 g was 83.81% and 82% respectively. However, the overall diagnostic accuracy of OGTT-75 g was 82.93%. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that 75 gms OGTT is highly sensitive (83.02%) and specific (82.83%) for the detection/diagnosis of gestational DM. Advanced screening and diagnosis of gestational DM, and its effective treatment not only inhibit adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes but also save the lives of both child and mother from diabetes in future.
{"title":"The Validity Of 75gms OGTT For Detection Of GDM Keeping 100gms OGTT As Gold Standard","authors":"Shazia Mehreen, Muhammad Usman, Kashif Rauf, Saima Naz, Muhammad Abdul Rab Faisal Sultan, Muhammad Akram Randhawa","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2336","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the validity of 75gms (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) OGTT for the detection of GDM keeping 100gms OGTT as the gold standard. Methodology: This was a Cross-sectional validation study done at the Mother and Child Health Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The duration of the study was Six months from the approval of the synopsis. Data was collected from March 2019 to September 2019. Informed consent for participating in the study was taken from all 205 patients. The patients' bio data along with the hospital registration number was entered pro forma. The patients were assessed initially by History taking and examination. All pregnant women underwent a 75g oral glucose test in the 2nd trimester at 24-28 weeks of gestation. For this, the patients were sent to the MCH laboratory with overnight fasting where FBS was taken and they were given a 75 g glucose drink. Their blood sample was taken at 1-hour and 2-hour interval. Two or more elevated values out of the 3 blood samples were sufficient to diagnose GDM. Laboratory reports were reviewed and data was entered in the performa (attached) by the researcher. All the diagnosed patients were further evaluated for a 100g OGTT dose at the MCH laboratory with overnight fasting. Their FBS was studied and women were given a 100 g glucose drink and blood samples were drawn at an interval of 1, 2 and 3 hours respectively. Out of the 4 blood samples, two or more elevated values were sufficient to diagnose GDM. Lab reports were entered in the Performa. Results: From a total of 205 patients, the sensitivity and specificity of OGTT-75 g for diagnosing GDM were 83.02% and 82.83%. However, positive predictive and negative predictive value for OGTT-75 g was 83.81% and 82% respectively. However, the overall diagnostic accuracy of OGTT-75 g was 82.93%. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that 75 gms OGTT is highly sensitive (83.02%) and specific (82.83%) for the detection/diagnosis of gestational DM. Advanced screening and diagnosis of gestational DM, and its effective treatment not only inhibit adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes but also save the lives of both child and mother from diabetes in future.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2251
Bilal Saeed, F. A. Siddiqi, Mehmood Hussain, Wasif Anwar, Sidra Riaz, Muhammad Saad Aziz
Background: Sleep is an essential event that effects quality of life and hormonal balance in human body. The association between sleep and diabetes is bi-directional. Methods: This study was conducted with a case control design in the Department of Medicine of Combined Military Hospital Peshawar between June 2022 to November 2022. Results: . Mean age of study population was 51.1±12.94 years with 46% females and 54% males. Majority population was educated up to matriculation with BMI in normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) range. There was no statistical difference in demographic data amongst diabetic and control group . Avg HbA1c was 8.546% ± 1.57% in the diabetic group and 5.712% ± 0.49% in control group. As per PSQI questionnaire 47 (47%) participants were good sleeper across the study population, which included 17 out 50 (34%) individuals in the diabetic and 30 out of 50 (60%) in control group. This equated to statistically significant difference amongst two group with a p value 0.007. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was also seen in PSQI score between diabetic and control groups (9.40 ± 5.82 vs 5.98 ± 4.85 respectively). Diabetics had 2.9 times odds (95% confidence interval 1.29-6.57, p = 0.01) of having bad quality sleep as compared to controls. In the diabetic group majority were males educated up to matriculate having medium adherence treated with both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin having 3 or more comorbid condition with hypertension being most prevalent single comorbid disease. Conclusion: By strict glycemic control in diabetics we can imove their quality of sleep Interventions to improve sleep hygiene can be suggested to patients by diabetes educators as part of diabetes self-management education programs.
{"title":"Comparison Of Quality Of Sleep Between Diabetic And Non-Diabetic Population Using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index","authors":"Bilal Saeed, F. A. Siddiqi, Mehmood Hussain, Wasif Anwar, Sidra Riaz, Muhammad Saad Aziz","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2251","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep is an essential event that effects quality of life and hormonal balance in human body. The association between sleep and diabetes is bi-directional. Methods: This study was conducted with a case control design in the Department of Medicine of Combined Military Hospital Peshawar between June 2022 to November 2022. Results: . Mean age of study population was 51.1±12.94 years with 46% females and 54% males. Majority population was educated up to matriculation with BMI in normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) range. There was no statistical difference in demographic data amongst diabetic and control group . Avg HbA1c was 8.546% ± 1.57% in the diabetic group and 5.712% ± 0.49% in control group. As per PSQI questionnaire 47 (47%) participants were good sleeper across the study population, which included 17 out 50 (34%) individuals in the diabetic and 30 out of 50 (60%) in control group. This equated to statistically significant difference amongst two group with a p value 0.007. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was also seen in PSQI score between diabetic and control groups (9.40 ± 5.82 vs 5.98 ± 4.85 respectively). Diabetics had 2.9 times odds (95% confidence interval 1.29-6.57, p = 0.01) of having bad quality sleep as compared to controls. In the diabetic group majority were males educated up to matriculate having medium adherence treated with both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin having 3 or more comorbid condition with hypertension being most prevalent single comorbid disease. Conclusion: By strict glycemic control in diabetics we can imove their quality of sleep Interventions to improve sleep hygiene can be suggested to patients by diabetes educators as part of diabetes self-management education programs.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1981
Maimoona Khan
Objective: To evaluate and optimize the anatomy curriculum for BDS students in UZ. Study design: It is a survey-based study. Place and duration of study: A six-month study was carried out in the Anatomy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare (March to August 2020). Material and Methods: A survey-based study was conducted in UZ, College of Health Sciences. To collect the data, two separate structured questionnaires were prepared. The structured questionnaires were then administered to medical faculty, BDS students of 3rd, 4th & 5th yr and practising dentists & internees, respectively. The sample size of the study was 70. Results: The data collected via the two structured questionnaires was analyzed. Analysis showed that all the stakeholders thought that the core dentistry subjects should be introduced earlier to the BDS students. Moreover, it was recommended that CBL/PBL be added to the curriculum to make the overall BDS curriculum more effective. Conclusion: The majority of the faculty members, BDS students, dentists and internees thought that the content of Anatomy for BDS students should be concise, specific and pertinent. The respondents supported the incorporation of CBL/PBL in the existing curriculum to make it more worthwhile.
{"title":"Development Of Curriculum Of Anatomy For BDS Students In UZ, Harare: A Survey-Based Study","authors":"Maimoona Khan","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1981","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate and optimize the anatomy curriculum for BDS students in UZ. Study design: It is a survey-based study. Place and duration of study: A six-month study was carried out in the Anatomy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare (March to August 2020). Material and Methods: A survey-based study was conducted in UZ, College of Health Sciences. To collect the data, two separate structured questionnaires were prepared. The structured questionnaires were then administered to medical faculty, BDS students of 3rd, 4th & 5th yr and practising dentists & internees, respectively. The sample size of the study was 70. Results: The data collected via the two structured questionnaires was analyzed. Analysis showed that all the stakeholders thought that the core dentistry subjects should be introduced earlier to the BDS students. Moreover, it was recommended that CBL/PBL be added to the curriculum to make the overall BDS curriculum more effective. Conclusion: The majority of the faculty members, BDS students, dentists and internees thought that the content of Anatomy for BDS students should be concise, specific and pertinent. The respondents supported the incorporation of CBL/PBL in the existing curriculum to make it more worthwhile.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2263
Gulmina Saeed Orakzai, B. Jamil
Objective: This study explored the factors influencing the development of empathy in a dentist-patient relationship. Design: An exploratory qualitative study. Place and duration of the study: Khyber Medical University KPK, Pakistan October 2019 to April 2020.was conducted during 2019-2020 Methodology: This exploratory qualitative study was conducted during 2019-2020. It was conducted on 12 dental surgeons, recruited from four major dental clinical specialties. A purposive sampling technique was used. In-depth interviews were conducted through a semi-structured format. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed, using the thematic analysis framework. Results: Three themes were extracted from data. 1) Institutionalization of empathy, indicating a need for incorporating empathy in undergraduate and postgraduate dental curriculum, 2) Barriers in the path of empathetic attitude, including a variety of factors hampering the development of empathy in a dentist-patient relationship and 3) Cultivating a Culture of empathy for better health care provision, indicating a need for changing the collective attitude of all health care professionals, administrative staff, and students. The participants of the study observed that development of empathy in a dentist-patient relationship includes a wide range of factors, ranging from curricular, personal, social, organizational, and cultural. These factors elaborate that empathy is a multidimensional phenomenon with roots deeply entrenched in professional and personal domains.
{"title":"Exploring Empathy In A Dentist-Patient Relationship. Conclusions From Qualitative Exploratory Research Of Practicing Dentists","authors":"Gulmina Saeed Orakzai, B. Jamil","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2263","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study explored the factors influencing the development of empathy in a dentist-patient relationship. Design: An exploratory qualitative study. Place and duration of the study: Khyber Medical University KPK, Pakistan October 2019 to April 2020.was conducted during 2019-2020 Methodology: This exploratory qualitative study was conducted during 2019-2020. It was conducted on 12 dental surgeons, recruited from four major dental clinical specialties. A purposive sampling technique was used. In-depth interviews were conducted through a semi-structured format. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed, using the thematic analysis framework. Results: Three themes were extracted from data. 1) Institutionalization of empathy, indicating a need for incorporating empathy in undergraduate and postgraduate dental curriculum, 2) Barriers in the path of empathetic attitude, including a variety of factors hampering the development of empathy in a dentist-patient relationship and 3) Cultivating a Culture of empathy for better health care provision, indicating a need for changing the collective attitude of all health care professionals, administrative staff, and students. The participants of the study observed that development of empathy in a dentist-patient relationship includes a wide range of factors, ranging from curricular, personal, social, organizational, and cultural. These factors elaborate that empathy is a multidimensional phenomenon with roots deeply entrenched in professional and personal domains.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Hirsutism is a condition characterized by excess hair growth on the face, chest, and/or back in women and it is often caused by an imbalance of hormones, such as androgens. OCPs prove to be effective in reducing hirsutism in patients with PCOS by inhibiting the production of androgens and decreasing the activity of androgen receptors. OCPs may have additional benefits for patients with PCOS, such as regulating menstrual cycles, improving fertility, and reducing the risk of endometrial cancer. However, OCPs may not be suitable for all women with PCOS. Methods: The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of these OCPs in reducing hirsutism in PCOS patients. In the study, 80 participants were included, 40 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group. The intervention group received a combination oral contraceptive pill containing cyproterone acetate and drosperinone (COCP) for a period of 6 months, while the control group received a placebo. Hirsutism was assessed at baseline and at the end of the 6-month treatment period using the Ferriman-Gallwey score. The primary outcome measure was the change in Ferriman-Gallwey score from baseline to the end of the treatment period. Results: The study found that OCPs containing cyproterone acetate and drosperinone were more effective in reducing hirsutism in patients with PCOS compared to OCPs containing levonorgestrel. Conclusion: It is important to note that OCPs may not be appropriate for all women with PCOS, therefore it's crucial to explore the risks and advantages with a healthcare professional before beginning therapy.
{"title":"Efficacy Of Cyproterone Acetate And Drosperinone Containing Cocps In Treatment Of Hirsutism In Patients With PCOS","authors":"Nazish Sarfraz, Humera Akram, Afroza Abbas, Sadaf Shaheen, Rida Zafar, Eesha Yaqoob","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2283","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hirsutism is a condition characterized by excess hair growth on the face, chest, and/or back in women and it is often caused by an imbalance of hormones, such as androgens. OCPs prove to be effective in reducing hirsutism in patients with PCOS by inhibiting the production of androgens and decreasing the activity of androgen receptors. OCPs may have additional benefits for patients with PCOS, such as regulating menstrual cycles, improving fertility, and reducing the risk of endometrial cancer. However, OCPs may not be suitable for all women with PCOS. Methods: The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of these OCPs in reducing hirsutism in PCOS patients. In the study, 80 participants were included, 40 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group. The intervention group received a combination oral contraceptive pill containing cyproterone acetate and drosperinone (COCP) for a period of 6 months, while the control group received a placebo. Hirsutism was assessed at baseline and at the end of the 6-month treatment period using the Ferriman-Gallwey score. The primary outcome measure was the change in Ferriman-Gallwey score from baseline to the end of the treatment period. Results: The study found that OCPs containing cyproterone acetate and drosperinone were more effective in reducing hirsutism in patients with PCOS compared to OCPs containing levonorgestrel. Conclusion: It is important to note that OCPs may not be appropriate for all women with PCOS, therefore it's crucial to explore the risks and advantages with a healthcare professional before beginning therapy.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2019
Seema Kanwal, Ahsan Tameez ud Din, Mudassir Shafiq, Farzana Kausar, A. Din
Background: Heterotaxy syndrome (or situs ambiguous) is an extremely rare disorder in which the viscera are arranged in an abnormally asymmetrical pattern around the midline along with cardiac and spleen abnormalities. The management of this disorder depends upon the extent and variability of the organ involvement and a multi-disciplinary approach is often required. Case presentation: A middle-aged male presented in pulmonology OPD with with complaint of hemoptysis and shortness of breath for 3 weeks. He had a history of cyanotic spells since childhood. His HRCT chest revealed dextrocardia, generalized mild centrilobular emphysema of the lungs with fibrotic bands and mild cylindrical bronchiectasis and his echocardiography showed dextrocardia along with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. He was found to have abnormally positioned abdominal viscera along with multiple spleens and he was diagnosed as a case of heterotaxy syndrome with left isomerism. His respiratory symptoms were treated conservatively and the patient was referred to the cardiology unit for management of cardiac defects. Conclusion: This manuscript describes a case of heterotaxy syndrome which is a rare disorder with significant mortality and morbidity. The patient may present with vague symptoms. Early involvement of all the relevant specialities might help in a prompt diagnosis and timely management, which may improve the disease outcome.
{"title":"Heterotaxy Syndrome In A Middle-Aged Pakistani Male","authors":"Seema Kanwal, Ahsan Tameez ud Din, Mudassir Shafiq, Farzana Kausar, A. Din","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heterotaxy syndrome (or situs ambiguous) is an extremely rare disorder in which the viscera are arranged in an abnormally asymmetrical pattern around the midline along with cardiac and spleen abnormalities. The management of this disorder depends upon the extent and variability of the organ involvement and a multi-disciplinary approach is often required. Case presentation: A middle-aged male presented in pulmonology OPD with with complaint of hemoptysis and shortness of breath for 3 weeks. He had a history of cyanotic spells since childhood. His HRCT chest revealed dextrocardia, generalized mild centrilobular emphysema of the lungs with fibrotic bands and mild cylindrical bronchiectasis and his echocardiography showed dextrocardia along with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. He was found to have abnormally positioned abdominal viscera along with multiple spleens and he was diagnosed as a case of heterotaxy syndrome with left isomerism. His respiratory symptoms were treated conservatively and the patient was referred to the cardiology unit for management of cardiac defects. Conclusion: This manuscript describes a case of heterotaxy syndrome which is a rare disorder with significant mortality and morbidity. The patient may present with vague symptoms. Early involvement of all the relevant specialities might help in a prompt diagnosis and timely management, which may improve the disease outcome.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"2011 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2252
Muhammad Usman, Valeed Bin Mansoor, Nasim Akhtar, Muhammad Arqam Miraj
Nocardia is a gram-positive bacterium that causes localised and disseminated infections. A rare case of Nocardia infection in an immunocompromised individual is presented. Nocardiosis should be kept in mind as a diagnosis in immunocompromised patients with a solitary space occupying lesion in the brain.
{"title":"Nocardia Brain Abscess In A Patient With Advanced HIV-AIDS: Case Report","authors":"Muhammad Usman, Valeed Bin Mansoor, Nasim Akhtar, Muhammad Arqam Miraj","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2252","url":null,"abstract":"Nocardia is a gram-positive bacterium that causes localised and disseminated infections. A rare case of Nocardia infection in an immunocompromised individual is presented. Nocardiosis should be kept in mind as a diagnosis in immunocompromised patients with a solitary space occupying lesion in the brain.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2277
Fizza Batool, Hina Rehman, Hina Haneef Mughal, Kashif Rauf, Khadija Zia, Farhat Abbas
Objective: Renal colic is a common clinical condition. Our objective is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of low dose CT KUB for detection of urinary stones, to minimize radiation dose to the patients, and to analyze diagnostic accuracy of LDCT KUB in comparison to standard dose CT KUB. We speculate the LDCT KUB may reduce patient radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic value. Materials and Methods: This comparative cross sectional validation study was conducted at Department of Radiology in Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi June 2021 to Feb 2022. After approval of hospital ethical committee, a sample of 49 kidneys of 31 patients was collected by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Included were the patients diagnosed with renal calculi referred from other departments. All the included patients were scanned by Toshiba Aquilion 16 slices, using automated tube current modulation, without any oral or IV contrast. CT scan started from diaphragm down to pubic symphysis with standard dose CT (SDCT) followed by low dose CT (LDCT). After the data was recorded, statistical package for social sciences, version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used to analyse the data and generate results. Mean + standard deviation was calculated for qualitative data while frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. The means were compared by independent sample t test while the agreement between standard and low dose was depicted by kappa value. Results: A total of 49 kidneys of 31 patients with renal stones was included in this study. The mean age of the patients ranged from 27 years to 48 years with a mean of 36.42 + 9.97 year. In gender distribution, 75.5 % (37) were male while 24.5 % (12) were females. More than half 59 % (29) were right while 41 % (20) were left kidneys. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that LDCT was a productive and effective technique in the detection of urothelial stones despite considerable reduction in radiation dose and exposure as seen in SDCT.
{"title":"Diagnostic Validity Of Low Dose CT KUB In Demonstration Of Genitourinary Tract Calculi Compared To Normal Dose Ct Kub: A Provisional Study","authors":"Fizza Batool, Hina Rehman, Hina Haneef Mughal, Kashif Rauf, Khadija Zia, Farhat Abbas","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.2277","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Renal colic is a common clinical condition. Our objective is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of low dose CT KUB for detection of urinary stones, to minimize radiation dose to the patients, and to analyze diagnostic accuracy of LDCT KUB in comparison to standard dose CT KUB. We speculate the LDCT KUB may reduce patient radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic value. Materials and Methods: This comparative cross sectional validation study was conducted at Department of Radiology in Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi June 2021 to Feb 2022. After approval of hospital ethical committee, a sample of 49 kidneys of 31 patients was collected by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Included were the patients diagnosed with renal calculi referred from other departments. All the included patients were scanned by Toshiba Aquilion 16 slices, using automated tube current modulation, without any oral or IV contrast. CT scan started from diaphragm down to pubic symphysis with standard dose CT (SDCT) followed by low dose CT (LDCT). After the data was recorded, statistical package for social sciences, version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used to analyse the data and generate results. Mean + standard deviation was calculated for qualitative data while frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. The means were compared by independent sample t test while the agreement between standard and low dose was depicted by kappa value. Results: A total of 49 kidneys of 31 patients with renal stones was included in this study. The mean age of the patients ranged from 27 years to 48 years with a mean of 36.42 + 9.97 year. In gender distribution, 75.5 % (37) were male while 24.5 % (12) were females. More than half 59 % (29) were right while 41 % (20) were left kidneys. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that LDCT was a productive and effective technique in the detection of urothelial stones despite considerable reduction in radiation dose and exposure as seen in SDCT.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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