Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College最新文献

{"title":"Neurocognitive Functioning And Interpersonal Difficulties In Diabetic Mellitus Type II Patients","authors":"Nazish Rashid, Umaiza Bashir","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1777","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the level of Neurocognitive Functioning, and Interpersonal difficulties in People with Diabetes Mellitus type II. Material and Method: A purposive sampling strategy was used. A sample (N=100) with age range (40-60) years was taken in the study, in which 46% Men or 54% Women Diabetes Mellitus type II patients were included. The research design was cross-sectional. Neuro-Cognitive Assessment Battery and Interpersonal Relationship Scale for Diabetic Patients were used. Results: Pearson Correlation analysis results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between neurocognitive functioning and interpersonal difficulties. Hierarchal Regression analysis showed education level was a predictor of interpersonal difficulties in diabetic mellitus type II patients with poor neurocognitive functioning. Limitations and suggestions are discussed. Keywords: Neurocognitive functioning, Interpersonal Difficulties, Diabetic Mellitus Type II","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139347002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety And Depression Among Medical Students During Covid-19 Pandemic In Faisalabad","authors":"M. U. Din, Hafiz Usama Naveed, Maryam Tauseef, Maham Javed, Sana Sarfraz, Jahanzaib Waheed","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1791","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To find out the frequency of anxiety and depression among medical students during the Covid-19 pandemic and to study their relationship with socio-demographic factors. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students of various medical institutions in Faisalabad and their consent was taken beforehand. The study duration was 2 months (August to September 2021). Ethical approval was taken. The questionnaire was distributed online through google forms on social media platforms to all MBBS students of a medical college and the total number of responses received was 452. Non-probability purposive sampling was done.  The inclusion criteria were those students who gave consent and filled out the questionnaire and the exclusion criteria were those who didn't concede. A validated and structured questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: demographic data; COVID-19-related attitudes and practising preventive behaviours, generalized anxiety disorder scale – 7 (GAD-7) to determine anxiety among medical students and patient health questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) to determine depression. Results: Most of the students i.e. 132 (29.2) were having mild anxiety, followed by minimal, moderate and severe anxiety. Similar scores were observed in PHQ-9 results which showed mostly students were having mild depression i.e. 127 (28.1) followed by minimal, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression respectively. Average GAD-7 score was 8.73 (M = 8.73; SD = 5.78); average PHQ-9 score was 10.78 (M = 10; SD = 7.1). Significant relationship was found between gender (p = 0.00), year of study (p = 0.039), suffered Covid-19 in present or past (p = 0.00), afraid of getting Covid-19 (p=0.001) with anxiety and gender (p = 0.00), suffered Covid-19 in present or past (p=0.001) and afraid of getting Covid-19 infection (p=0.001) with depression. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of medical students suffering from anxiety and depression during Covid-19. The students in the age group above 21 years, females, year of study (4th year) and afraid of getting Covid-19 infection were at higher risk of psychological distress in a pandemic. It is important to find ways to alleviate the pressure and fear of college students, provide them with more social support, and help them adapt to the changes in their learning styles and lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness Of Kaltenborn Mobilization Versus Muscle Energy Technique On Shoulder Range Of Motion In Adhesive Capsulitis","authors":"Muhammad Umar, Aqsa Anwar, Nida Khan, Misbah Marryam, Hiba Rashid","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i3.1959","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effectiveness of muscle energy techniques (post isometrics relaxation) and Kaltenborn mobilizations on shoulder range of motion (ROM) in adhesive capsulitis. Methodology: A randomized Control Trial (CRT) was conducted on patients with adhesive capsulitis for 6 months September 2021 to February 2022. Data was collected through a convenient sampling technique. 30 patients were taken from the physiotherapy department of the holy family hospital, Rawalpindi. The sample size was calculated using the Open Epi Tool. Data was collected by using Universal Goniometer at baseline, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks of treatment. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and gave consent were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A & Group B. Group A received muscle energy technique and Group B received grade II & III Kaltenborn mobilizations. Results: Data was analysed using SPSS software version 22. Both groups showed improvements in shoulder range of motion but Group A showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in flexion and abduction ROM from Group B. Conclusion: The muscle energy technique is much more effective in improving flexion and abduction ROM except rotation than Kaltenborn mobilizations in adhesive capsulitis.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on Emotional Intelligence & Empathy in Allied Vision Sciences Students","authors":"M. Shaheer, Asima Rafique, Zahid Kamal Siddiqui, Ummarah Rasheed","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2152","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: \u0000To study the emotional intelligence and empathy in allied eye care workers. \u0000Methods: \u0000After ethical approval of study, a google form was developed which included Schutte’s scale and Davis Interpersonal index questions in addition to those related to basic demographic information. The proforma was sent via social media application (whatsapp) to study participants. Allied vision sciences students enrolled in bachelors program at various colleges/universities were included in study. A total of 150 students were invited to participate in this study out of whom 119 responded. Comparison of emotional intelligence scores based upon gender, year of study and boarder/non-boarder were done by applying Mann Whitney and one way ANOVA test.  \u0000Results: \u0000Female responders were predominant (77.3%) in survey while majority (32.8%) of participants were in first year of study. When compared based upon boarder versus non-boarder, the sub scale of ‘’social skills’’ showed significant difference (p=0.017) with Non-Boarders scoring higher. Also, ‘’emotional regulation’’ scores were significantly higher (p=0.050) among second year students as compared to other years. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Among allied vision sciences students, emotional intelligence significantly differs in some subscales when measured according to being boarder or not and year of degree program.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42527039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Of ALT In Type 2 Diabetics with And Without Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Kausar Z. Malik, Faiza Batool, Lubna Meraj, Shazia Saddiq, Abrar Akbar, H. Mughal","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2049","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the association of alanine aminotransferase in type 2 diabetic patients with and without fatty liver disease. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done for six months at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Al-Nahyan Hospital Rawalakot. In our study, we included all the patients who presented to the outpatient department (OPD) having type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their age, gender, height, weight, and duration of diabetes mellitus were noted. Their liver function test (LFTS), fasting blood sugar and HBA1c, and fasting lipid profile were also done at the time of their OPD visit and results were noted. They were given an appointment for an ultrasound abdomen from the radiology department for detection of fatty liver disease and the results were noted on the next OPD visit. \u0000Results: Total study population was 90 patients and out of which 35 (38.8%) were male and 55 (61.1%) were female. 58 years was the mean age of our study population. Fatty liver was present in 50% of patients. ALT was raised from a baseline value of 36 in 61% of patients while fasting blood sugar was raised in 83% of patients. The mean fasting blood sugar was 208 mg/dl. ALT was not significantly different in patients with and without fatty liver disease. However, it was found that patients with uncontrolled blood glucose levels have significantly raised ALT which was also statistically proven as the P value was less than 0.05. Also, patients with high blood glucose have a higher incidence of fatty liver disease as compared with normal blood glucose level patients but the difference was not statistically significant as shown by a P value more than 0.05. \u0000Conclusion: Fatty liver disease is more common in Type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood sugar. There is a high rate of raised ALT in diabetic patients whose blood sugar control is not optimum.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Medical Teachers Regarding Certification and Master’s in Health Profession Education","authors":"Ghazala Mudassir, S. Mansoor, M. Habib","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Objective: To find out the perceptions of medical teachers regarding certification and master’s in health profession education. \u0000Methods: It’s a mixed method study design. It was done in the department of pathology, Shifa College of Medicine which is a constituent college of Shifa Tameer-e- Millat University, from May 2021 to September 2021. In this study data was collected by means of a survey questionnaire and a Focus group discussion. A total of 41 members participated in this study. \u0000Results and Conclusions: The study concluded a high satisfaction of participants with Faculty development programs (FDP). It was suggested that the content of FDP in view of the different roles of medical teachers should include teaching and non-teaching aspects like research, management and leadership which should be equally stressed upon. Although long duration faculty development programs imparted greater depth of knowledge, skills and attitude in health professionals and medical teachers, but if a format of FDP was to be made mandatory for all the medical teaching faculty than a shorter course, highlighting the basics of medical education and having a duration of six-month can be enforced. \u0000Key words: Roles of teacher, faculty development program, medical education","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44525113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet Distribution Width: A Severity Marker Of Pre Eclampsia, Experience At Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Mariam Zahir, Shagufta Saeed Sial, Humaira Noreen","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2067","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine mean platelet distribution width in patients with pre-eclampsia. \u0000Study design: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, retrospectively from 01 May 2017 to 01 November 2017 by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. \u0000Materials & Methods: A total of 150 pregnant females with mild and severe pre-eclampsia with gestational age > 20 weeks, and an age limit of 18-40 years were included in the study. Patients having deranged coagulation or multiorgan involvement were excluded. Blood and urine samples were collected at the time of presentation. All the blood pressure readings were confirmed by two readings 4-6 hours apart. Mean ± SD was used to express data values. The mean PDW value was calculated for pregnant females with mild and severe preeclampsia. \u0000Results: In our study Mean PDW in patients with preeclampsia was 15.86± 0.34. The mean PDW for mild preeclampsia was 15.8± 0.35 and for severe preeclampsia 15.98±0.28.. \u0000Conclusion: PDW is a useful marker for the prediction of the severity of preeclampsia before the disease progresses to severe preeclampsia and HELLP. Raised values can help the obstetrician to actively manage the patients in time to reduce maternal and fetal mortality.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49439572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence And Morphometric Analysis Of Fossa Navicularis Magna In Dry Human Skulls","authors":"M. Tasleem, Mohtasham Hina, F. Qureshi, Imtiaz Aslam, Iram Atta, R. Tafweez","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2208","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Basiocciput is the part of occipital bone present on the inferior aspect of skull. Fossa Navicularis Magna-an osseous defect is a variation in normal anatomy of basiocciput. Lately few case reports presented this fossa as a cause of spread of infection from nasopharynx to brain resulting in meningitis and osteomyelitis. \u0000Objectives: This study aims to find the incidence and morphometry of this fossa in Pakistani populace to avoid any misdiagnosis or misinterpretations. \u0000Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on dry human skulls at King Edward Medical University Lahore. Fossa was measured in its transverse and vertical diameters and to locate the fossa its distance from various anatomical land marks such as foramen ovale, foramen Lacerum, carotid canal, occipital condyles, pharyngeal tubercle and posterior border of vomer was noted. \u0000Results:  The incidence of this fossa was found to be 5.3% in Pakistani population. Predominantly oval shaped, fossa measured 5.5 and 3.06 mm in vertical and transverse diameters respectively. It was 12.2 mm posterior to vomer and 5.9 mm anterior to pharyngeal tubercle. \u0000Conclusion: This study is useful for radiologists and clinicians in avoiding any misinterpretations on radiographs and unnecessary investigations","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48080054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional outcome of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft","authors":"Muhammad Shahid Khan, W. Azzam","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2145","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is increasing owing to increased participation in sports. We are presenting our case series in which we have done ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with autologous hamstring graft. Basic idea for this project was to increase the awareness regarding timely management of ACL injury and good to excellent outcome of this minimal invasive technique.\u0000Materials and Methods\u0000In this retrospective study, we included 10 patients who underwent arthroscopic transportal single bundle ACLR using hamstring autograft, between January 2019 to December 2021 in Isra university hospital Hyderabad. Patients were followed routinely and outcome was recorded with the help of Lysholm knee scoring questionnaire at 6 months and 12 months post procedure.\u0000Results \u0000Mean age of the patients was 28.2 years (22 to 35 years) (Table-1). Average duration between injury to surgical intervention was 12.3 months (6 to 26 months). Final outcome was excellent in 3 patients (60%), good in 6 patients (30%) and fair in one patient (10%).\u0000Conclusion\u0000Injury to ACL is a critical event for any individual. Its timely management is important not only to return the patient back to pre-injury activity level but also to prevent delayed consequences of ACL tear. Our study and the literature review shows satisfactory results of arthroscopic ACLR. Finally, one should follow the basic principles of arthroscopic surgical technique of ACLR along with postoperative supervised physiotherapy rehabilitation protocol to get the desired results.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49161800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Horizons In The Treatment Of Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer","authors":"Z. Amir","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i2.2330","url":null,"abstract":"“The nature of the body is the beginning of medical science”-Hippocrates. From the chosen Dhanvantri of ancient India to Imhotep of Egypt, to Huangdi of China, the disease was seen as a combination of the supernatural and the natural and medicine focused on healing the soul and the body. While practices have changed drastically since the establishment of the first organized medieval medical school Schola Medica Salernitana in Italy, what remains unchanged is the importance of the basics. If anything, modern knowledge and analysis have increased the emphasis laid on basic sciences and anatomy can be regarded as the backbone, the core of basic medical sciences. \u0000Just as a mechanic cannot repair a car without a thorough knowledge of its form, external and internal, a doctor cannot heal the human body without a deep understanding of its structure. A fact that has been understood and utilized by the likes of Herophilus and Vesalius, fathers of anatomy. The subject deals with the learning of the structure of the human body from the gross external features down to the microscopic level, at all stages of development, from the embryo to the elderly. This knowledge is essential for a physician to understand the functioning of the body, disease pathophysiology, and treatment modalities.  The speciality that benefits the most from this subject in clinical practice is surgery while the rest of the specialities rely on anatomy during physical exams, symptom interpretation, patient education, and interpretation of radiological images.   \u0000If we talk specifically about the undergraduate medical curriculum, anatomy is a vital component of the basic sciences taught during the first one or two years of medical or dental school. The role these subjects play in the curriculum can be discussed in two categories: the ideal, theoretical role and the less-than-perfect, practical reality. \u0000Despite having adopted an integrated modular system, most medical schools in Pakistan, UK, and USA still teach anatomy in the first two years at the most.  During these two years, a specific number of hours (from around 150 hours of total teaching time for anatomy) is allocated to gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, histology, etc. Anatomy should be taught in all 4-5 years of medical school for deeper understanding and integration, assimilated with clinical subjects. While the systems approach of teaching medical curriculum sounds fine on paper, the lack of a standardized practical application of this approach has its pitfalls, especially for complex subjects like anatomy. Study shows that students who learned anatomy via the old curriculum scored higher in the subject as compared to students taught through the modular approach.   Instead of taking anatomy to a higher pedestal, newer recommendations have decreased the time and resources spent teaching anatomy, raising concerns among students, faculty, and clinicians.   A sound, comprehensive anatomy curriculum needs to be created, one aligned w","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42375091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}