Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.811247
Behice Gezgi̇nci̇
The Ayyubid State (1175-1250) ruled for about a century in a geography stretching from the Middle East, Egypt, Hejaz, al-Jazeera, Yemen to even North Africa, from the last quarter of the XII century to the middle of the XIII century. Selahaddin Eyyubi, who succeeded in establishing the unity of Islam after long efforts, fought the Crusaders on behalf of the Islamic world and recaptured the city of Jerusalem, which was important for the three heavenly religions, in 583/1187. el-Melikü'l-Efdal Nûreddin Ali (565-622/1169-1225) was an important personality both in terms of his place in the family and the role he played in the Crusades during the time of his father, Selahaddin Ayyubî. Both his being the eldest son and his success in the wars with the Crusaders enabled him to be appointed as heir. He sat on the throne of the Ayyubid State after his father's death. However, after he took the throne, some important emirs and scholars beside him were disturbed both by his vizier Ziyâeddin Ibn al-Asir’s interference and his inexperience in the state administration. For these reasons, some of the important individuals who left al-Efdal went to Egypt, that is, to his brother al-Aziz (567-595/1172-1198), and encouraged al-Aziz to take the throne. Thus, al-Aziz started preparing to march on Damascus. Understanding the intentions of al-Aziz over Damascus, al-Efdal wanted to make a treaty between them by giving him Jerusalem, which is important in terms of both spiritual value and prestige. However, with the suggestions of some emirs, he quit giving Jerusalem to his brother. This situation caused the outset of conflict between the two brothers. Conquered during the reign of Selahaddin Ayyubi, Jerusalem unified Syria and Egypt. In the period of al-Efdal, Jerusalem became the cause of separation between the two brothers. As a result of his struggles against his brother, al-Aziz became the head of the state with the support of his uncle and father-in-law al-Âdil. However, after a short while, when al-Aziz died in Cairo in 1198, his young son Mansur replaced him. His uncle, al-Efdal, started to befriend him. However, this time, al-Efdal fought with his uncle, al-Âdil. As a result of these struggles, al-Efdal was defeated by his uncle and had to retreat to Samsat. In this paper, the central authority gap caused by al-Efdal in the Ayyubid State and the role of Jerusalem in the formation of this gap will be discussed.
阿尤比王朝(1175-1250)统治了大约一个世纪，统治范围从中东、埃及、汉志、半岛、也门甚至北非，时间从12世纪的最后25年到13世纪中叶。塞拉哈丁·埃尤比(Selahaddin Eyyubi)经过长期努力，成功地建立了伊斯兰教的统一，他代表伊斯兰世界与十字军作战，并于583/1187年夺回了对三大天教都很重要的耶路撒冷城。el-Melikü'l-Efdal n雷丁·阿里(565-622/1169-1225)在家庭中的地位和他父亲塞拉哈丁(Selahaddin)时期在十字军东征中所扮演的角色都是一个重要的人物Ayyubî。他是长子，而且他在与十字军的战争中取得了成功，这使他得以被任命为继承人。他父亲死后，他坐上了阿尤比王朝的王位。然而，在他即位后，他身边的一些重要的埃米尔和学者受到了他的大臣ziyeddin Ibn al-Asir的干涉和他对国家管理的缺乏经验的干扰。由于这些原因，一些离开埃夫达尔的重要人物去了埃及，也就是他的兄弟阿齐兹(567-595/1172-1198)，并鼓励阿齐兹继承王位。因此，阿齐兹开始准备向大马士革进军。了解阿齐兹对大马士革的意图后，埃夫达尔想与阿齐兹签订一个条约，把耶路撒冷交给他，耶路撒冷在精神价值和威望方面都很重要。然而，在一些埃米尔的建议下，他不再把耶路撒冷交给他的兄弟。这种情况引起了两兄弟之间冲突的开始。在塞拉哈丁·阿尤比统治期间，耶路撒冷被征服，统一了叙利亚和埃及。在埃夫达尔时期，耶路撒冷成为两兄弟分离的原因。由于他与他哥哥的斗争，阿齐兹在他的叔叔和岳父-Âdil的支持下成为了国家元首。然而，不久之后，当阿齐兹于1198年在开罗去世时，他年幼的儿子曼苏尔取代了他的位置。他的叔叔艾尔-埃夫达尔开始帮助他。然而，这一次，al- efdal和他的叔叔al-Âdil打了起来。由于这些斗争，埃夫达尔被他的叔叔打败，不得不撤退到萨姆萨特。本文将讨论al-Efdal在阿尤比德国造成的中央权力差距以及耶路撒冷在这一差距形成中的作用。
{"title":"The Role of Jerusalem in the Context of the Disruption of the Central Authority in the Ayyubid State in the Period of al-Malik al-Efdal","authors":"Behice Gezgi̇nci̇","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.811247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.811247","url":null,"abstract":"The Ayyubid State (1175-1250) ruled for about a century in a geography stretching from the Middle East, Egypt, Hejaz, al-Jazeera, Yemen to even North Africa, from the last quarter of the XII century to the middle of the XIII century. Selahaddin Eyyubi, who succeeded in establishing the unity of Islam after long efforts, fought the Crusaders on behalf of the Islamic world and recaptured the city of Jerusalem, which was important for the three heavenly religions, in 583/1187. el-Melikü'l-Efdal Nûreddin Ali (565-622/1169-1225) was an important personality both in terms of his place in the family and the role he played in the Crusades during the time of his father, Selahaddin Ayyubî. Both his being the eldest son and his success in the wars with the Crusaders enabled him to be appointed as heir. He sat on the throne of the Ayyubid State after his father's death. However, after he took the throne, some important emirs and scholars beside him were disturbed both by his vizier Ziyâeddin Ibn al-Asir’s interference and his inexperience in the state administration. For these reasons, some of the important individuals who left al-Efdal went to Egypt, that is, to his brother al-Aziz (567-595/1172-1198), and encouraged al-Aziz to take the throne. Thus, al-Aziz started preparing to march on Damascus. Understanding the intentions of al-Aziz over Damascus, al-Efdal wanted to make a treaty between them by giving him Jerusalem, which is important in terms of both spiritual value and prestige. However, with the suggestions of some emirs, he quit giving Jerusalem to his brother. This situation caused the outset of conflict between the two brothers. Conquered during the reign of Selahaddin Ayyubi, Jerusalem unified Syria and Egypt. In the period of al-Efdal, Jerusalem became the cause of separation between the two brothers. As a result of his struggles against his brother, al-Aziz became the head of the state with the support of his uncle and father-in-law al-Âdil. However, after a short while, when al-Aziz died in Cairo in 1198, his young son Mansur replaced him. His uncle, al-Efdal, started to befriend him. However, this time, al-Efdal fought with his uncle, al-Âdil. As a result of these struggles, al-Efdal was defeated by his uncle and had to retreat to Samsat. In this paper, the central authority gap caused by al-Efdal in the Ayyubid State and the role of Jerusalem in the formation of this gap will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46354592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.810729
Musa Bi̇çki̇oğlu
ABRACST The past, present, and future features of the cities of Jerusalem and Mardin, which have important historical, artistic, sociocultural, and religious values and common characteristics, constitute the purpose of this study. From a historical perspective, this study discusses the period of governance of the Seljuk governor Artuk Bey in Jerusalem, and the impacts of Artuklu (Artuqid)Jerusalem in contemporary days and the forthcoming future. Therefore, it considers that the commonality between Jerusalem and Mardin's values and the important events related to each other in historical terms, provide a ground for visioning the past regarding the present days. Moreover, it also demonstrates how this visioning between the past and the present aids as a crucial input in the construction of a horizon for understanding the impacts of today in the forthcoming future of both cities. In addition to the aforementioned common values and historical foundations, some characteristics that have been preserved in these two cities until today make the relationship between them noteworthy. Therefore, the efforts to be made in light of the historically dating of Jerusalem and Mardin to preserve their historical heritage must be approached as a historical mission. Lastly, it is a responsibility for contemporary societies to engage in this mission of writing history to preserve the past and better understand not only our present but also to vision our future.
{"title":"From Artuq Bey to Belek Gazi, from the Past to the Present and Our Vision for the Future: The Relationship Between Jerusalem and Mardin.","authors":"Musa Bi̇çki̇oğlu","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.810729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.810729","url":null,"abstract":"ABRACST \u0000The past, present, and future features of the cities of Jerusalem and Mardin, which have important historical, artistic, sociocultural, and religious values and common characteristics, constitute the purpose of this study. From a historical perspective, this study discusses the period of governance of the Seljuk governor Artuk Bey in Jerusalem, and the impacts of Artuklu (Artuqid)Jerusalem in contemporary days and the forthcoming future. Therefore, it considers that the commonality between Jerusalem and Mardin's values and the important events related to each other in historical terms, provide a ground for visioning the past regarding the present days. Moreover, it also demonstrates how this visioning between the past and the present aids as a crucial input in the construction of a horizon for understanding the impacts of today in the forthcoming future of both cities. In addition to the aforementioned common values and historical foundations, some characteristics that have been preserved in these two cities until today make the relationship between them noteworthy. Therefore, the efforts to be made in light of the historically dating of Jerusalem and Mardin to preserve their historical heritage must be approached as a historical mission. Lastly, it is a responsibility for contemporary societies to engage in this mission of writing history to preserve the past and better understand not only our present but also to vision our future.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42286900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.996366
Fethi Abdulkadi̇r
{"title":"المسْجد الأقْصى ورحلة الإسْراء في القرآن الكريم وكتب التّفسير","authors":"Fethi Abdulkadi̇r","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.996366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.996366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44589237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.971325
Nergis Esad Kaddru
{"title":"الرمزية الدينية للمسجد الأقصى وقبة الصخرة ودورهما في تحفيز صلاح الدين على تحرير القدس من الصليبيين583هـ/ 1187م","authors":"Nergis Esad Kaddru","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.971325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.971325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.1007575
Dr.khaled Shahi̇n
{"title":"بحث الاستراتيجية الصهيونية اليهودية تجاه المسجد الأقصى المبارك","authors":"Dr.khaled Shahi̇n","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.1007575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1007575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41274484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.1041697
Ömer Sabuncu
{"title":"Hz. Ömer Döneminde (634-644) Kudüs’ün Fethi ve İskân","authors":"Ömer Sabuncu","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.1041697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1041697","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44898064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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