Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482433
Burhan bin Che Daud, A. A. El-Awaisi, M. Nor
Nūr al-Dīn Mahmūd Zankī was one of the 6 th century AH Muslims leaders who particularly had thought very carefully of how to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis. The main objective of this article is namely to examine Nūr al-Dīn’s preparation plan to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis, in particular if he had prepared the ground to achieve such a goal which was successfully accomplished during the time of his successor, Salāh al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī. In addition to the religious impact, this article examines the remaining material evidence and the practical steps that had been taken by Nūr al-Dīn throughout twenty-eight years of his career to construct a strong and a solid argument concerning his clear and distinctive plan towards liberating Bayt al-Maqdis. The main focus is on examining his preparation steps towards the unification of Syria and afterwards the unification of Syria with Egypt.
Nūr al- d n Mahmūd赞克是六世纪伊斯兰教的穆斯林领袖之一，他特别仔细地考虑过如何解放拜特马迪斯。本文的主要目的是审查Nūr al- d n解放Bayt al-Maqdis的准备计划，特别是他是否已经准备好了实现这一目标的基础，并在他的继任者Salāh al- d n al-Ayyūbī期间成功地完成了这一目标。除了宗教影响之外，本文还审查了剩余的物质证据和Nūr al- d n在其28年职业生涯中所采取的实际步骤，以构建一个强有力的论据，证明他明确而独特的解放Bayt al-Maqdis的计划。主要焦点是检查他为叙利亚统一以及随后叙利亚与埃及统一所做的准备步骤。
{"title":"HISTORICAL AND GEOPOLITICAL ANALYSIS OF NŪR AL-DĪN MAHMŪD ZANKĪ’S PLAN FOR LIBERATING BAYT AL-MAQDIS","authors":"Burhan bin Che Daud, A. A. El-Awaisi, M. Nor","doi":"10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482433","url":null,"abstract":"Nūr al-Dīn Mahmūd Zankī was one of the 6 th century AH Muslims leaders who particularly had thought very carefully of how to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis. The main objective of this article is namely to examine Nūr al-Dīn’s preparation plan to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis, in particular if he had prepared the ground to achieve such a goal which was successfully accomplished during the time of his successor, Salāh al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī. In addition to the religious impact, this article examines the remaining material evidence and the practical steps that had been taken by Nūr al-Dīn throughout twenty-eight years of his career to construct a strong and a solid argument concerning his clear and distinctive plan towards liberating Bayt al-Maqdis. The main focus is on examining his preparation steps towards the unification of Syria and afterwards the unification of Syria with Egypt.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48975892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482391
Aeisha Marshoud El-Harbi
This paper aims at presenting the activities of Nur al-Din Mahmud Zengi in Damascus and Manbij, through both diplomatic and military means. He competed with the Crusaders in controlling Damascus and was successful in brining it under his control, which had many consequences in consolidating his strength in the region. One of the most important being the transfer of sovereignty from the Buri to Atabak dynasty. This brought him closer to achieving his goal of uniting Syria with Egypt and thus widen the horizons of Jihad against the Crusaders. Also controlling Damascus had another impact on severing the alliance between the Toghtekin with the Crusaders. In dealing with the local population Nur al-Din resorted to the implementation of a wise policy based on munificence and distancing himself from any bloodshed. This is together with his eagerness on constructing Damascus and making it a symbol of Islamic civilization. As for the region of al-Jazeera (Mesopotamia) Nur al-Din was able to bring many of its cities and citadels under his control and particularly the city of Manbij. In this paper a historical methodological approach was adopted based on description, comparison and analysis of sources. The paper’s most important conclusion is that, Nur al-Din’s control over Damascus broke the barrier that separated the north and south of Syria.
{"title":"Nureddin Zengi'nin Dımaşk ve Menbiç'teki Askeri Faaliyetleri","authors":"Aeisha Marshoud El-Harbi","doi":"10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482391","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at presenting the activities of Nur al-Din Mahmud Zengi in Damascus and Manbij, through both diplomatic and military means. He competed with the Crusaders in controlling Damascus and was successful in brining it under his control, which had many consequences in consolidating his strength in the region. One of the most important being the transfer of sovereignty from the Buri to Atabak dynasty. This brought him closer to achieving his goal of uniting Syria with Egypt and thus widen the horizons of Jihad against the Crusaders. Also controlling Damascus had another impact on severing the alliance between the Toghtekin with the Crusaders. In dealing with the local population Nur al-Din resorted to the implementation of a wise policy based on munificence and distancing himself from any bloodshed. This is together with his eagerness on constructing Damascus and making it a symbol of Islamic civilization. As for the region of al-Jazeera (Mesopotamia) Nur al-Din was able to bring many of its cities and citadels under his control and particularly the city of Manbij. In this paper a historical methodological approach was adopted based on description, comparison and analysis of sources. The paper’s most important conclusion is that, Nur al-Din’s control over Damascus broke the barrier that separated the north and south of Syria.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"97-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69808852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.482330
Aya Alshaqaqi
This paper deals the life of the Just King, ‘al-Malik al-Adil ’ , Nur al-Din Mahmud Zengi and presents a short biography of his life. It also deals with his personality, upbringing, characteristics, asceticism, titles as well as his achievements. The paper deals additionally with his interest in developing scholarly centres for teaching jurisprudence, as he paid much attention to the restoration and construction of mosques, schools and libraries, and dedicating endowments (Awqaf) on them. Furthermore, the paper discusses the most important scholarly institutions of jurisprudence for the four Sunni madhhabs (legal schools of law) particularly in Aleppo and Damascus. Together with deliberating on the most prominent scholars of these schools and their works during this period. It is also noted that although Nur al-Din was adherent to the Hanafi madhhab he paid particular interest to the Shafi'i Madhhab and an explanation for the reasons behind that is presented. The study shows the interest of Nur al-Din in jurisprudence and jurists and its effect on eradicating Shi'ism from the region. It is also shown how he was successful, through his wise policies, in contributing to the unification of the Muslim Ummah.
{"title":"Nureddin Zengi Döneminde Biladü'ş-Şam'da Fıkıh","authors":"Aya Alshaqaqi","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.482330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.482330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals the life of the Just King, ‘al-Malik al-Adil ’ , Nur al-Din Mahmud Zengi and presents a short biography of his life. It also deals with his personality, upbringing, characteristics, asceticism, titles as well as his achievements. The paper deals additionally with his interest in developing scholarly centres for teaching jurisprudence, as he paid much attention to the restoration and construction of mosques, schools and libraries, and dedicating endowments (Awqaf) on them. Furthermore, the paper discusses the most important scholarly institutions of jurisprudence for the four Sunni madhhabs (legal schools of law) particularly in Aleppo and Damascus. Together with deliberating on the most prominent scholars of these schools and their works during this period. It is also noted that although Nur al-Din was adherent to the Hanafi madhhab he paid particular interest to the Shafi'i Madhhab and an explanation for the reasons behind that is presented. The study shows the interest of Nur al-Din in jurisprudence and jurists and its effect on eradicating Shi'ism from the region. It is also shown how he was successful, through his wise policies, in contributing to the unification of the Muslim Ummah.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"143-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69809034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.381684
Asma Dallah
إن المتأمل في السياق التاريخي للأمة عامة، ولبيت المقدس خاصة يلاحظ توالي الهجمات عليه منذ فتحه لليوم، وقد كان للمستشرقين الغربيين والمستشرقين اليهود على وجه الخصوص باع كبير في المحاولات للنيل من الإسلام وعلاقته ببيت المقدس. فقد سجل التاريخ في الكلام عن الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس، الذي انطلق واستشرى في العهد العثماني، الكثير من الأعلام، والعديد من الخصائص، والكثير من الركائز، التي باتت تعتبر اليوم اللبنات الأولى في إقامة الكيان الصهيوني على أراضي بيت المقدس، بتمكنه من بث روح القومية، واستقطاب واستمالة حتى من كانوا معارضين منهم لإقامة دولة لليهود، ونجاحه في تجسيد هذا الحلم وتحقيقه، مما يدل على خطورته وخباثته وشدة تجرئه على القيم، والمبادئ، والأعراف، وهو ما يستدعي الضرورة الملحة لدراسته، وتحليله، وعليه ستركز هذه الدراسة على الإجابة على الإشكال التالي: كيف كان الاستشراق اليهودي في بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟ والذي انبثقت عنه عدة أسئلة فرعية هي: ما هو الاستشراق اليهودي؟ من هم أهم أعلام الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟ وما هي أهم خصائص الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟
{"title":"الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني","authors":"Asma Dallah","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.381684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.381684","url":null,"abstract":"إن المتأمل في السياق التاريخي للأمة عامة، ولبيت المقدس خاصة يلاحظ توالي الهجمات عليه منذ فتحه لليوم، وقد كان للمستشرقين الغربيين والمستشرقين اليهود على وجه الخصوص باع كبير في المحاولات للنيل من الإسلام وعلاقته ببيت المقدس. فقد سجل التاريخ في الكلام عن الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس، الذي انطلق واستشرى في العهد العثماني، الكثير من الأعلام، والعديد من الخصائص، والكثير من الركائز، التي باتت تعتبر اليوم اللبنات الأولى في إقامة الكيان الصهيوني على أراضي بيت المقدس، بتمكنه من بث روح القومية، واستقطاب واستمالة حتى من كانوا معارضين منهم لإقامة دولة لليهود، ونجاحه في تجسيد هذا الحلم وتحقيقه، مما يدل على خطورته وخباثته وشدة تجرئه على القيم، والمبادئ، والأعراف، وهو ما يستدعي الضرورة الملحة لدراسته، وتحليله، وعليه ستركز هذه الدراسة على الإجابة على الإشكال التالي: كيف كان الاستشراق اليهودي في بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟ والذي انبثقت عنه عدة أسئلة فرعية هي: ما هو الاستشراق اليهودي؟ من هم أهم أعلام الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟ وما هي أهم خصائص الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"77-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69808438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-17DOI: 10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.382311
Nitham Abbasi
شكلت مدينة بيت المقدس محور اهتمام سياسات الدول العظمى وعلى رأسها بريطانيا حتى قبل قيام الدولة الصهيونية على أرض بيت المقدس عام 1948 . كان لبريطانيا دور محوري وقيادي في تحالفها مع المشروع الاستيطاني الصهيوني لأرض بيت المقدس– ودرتها مدينتها المقدسة، انطلاقا من أفكار ومفاهيم ثقافية وروحية وسياسية . خلال القرن التاسع عشر، حيث ارتدت القوى الاستعمارية الأوربية أقنعة دينية وأخلاقية/ ثقافية لتحقيق مجمل توجهاتها السياسية للسيطرة على بيت المقدس، اندفعت بريطانيا لتتحالف مع حركة الاستعمار الاستيطاني اليهودي، وذلك انطلاقا من مبادئ وأفكار كانت راسخة في وجدانهم الانجليكاني (البروتستانتي)، الذي عرف بـ: "الصهيونية المسيحية". وقد تم تجسيد هذا التحالف على أرض الواقع قبيل نهاية الحرب العالمية الأولى بمنح بريطانيا وعد بلفور المشهور عام 1917 ، والقاضي بإقامة وطن قومي لليهود في بيت المقدس . بناء على ما تقدم، ستعرض هذه الدراسة بإيجاز لموقع بيت المقدس في التراث الثقافي البريطاني (الصهيونية المسيحية)، وتناقش تهويد مدينة بيت المقدس أثناء فترة احتلال بريطانيا لبيت المقدس ( 1918–1948 ) بمباركة دولية، وكيف تبلور ذلك في سياسة الاحتلال البريطاني لها على أرض الواقع.
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