Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.809664
Metin Şerifoğlu
Kudus sehri, dunyanin baska hicbir sehrinde bir arada bulamayacaginiz bir dizi ozellik ile Orta Dogu bolgesindeki dini, politik ve stratejik onemi ile ayirt edilir. Bir yandan, tum Yahudi, Hiristiyan ve Islam dinlerinin gozunde kutsal bir sehir, Ote yandan, tum bolgesel ve uluslararasi gucleri Ortadogu ve dunyadaki dengelerdeki stratejik, dini, tarihi ve onemi icin cezbeden bir sehirdir. Dolayisiyla bu sehir dinlerin cesitliligi ve caglar boyunca bir arada yasamalari icin bir alan iken, Ayni zamanda, farkli bolgesel ve uluslararasi gucler arasinda uzun bir mucadelenin merkezinde olmustur. Bu guclerin her biri Ortadogu'nun stratejik ve kulturel derinligini kontrol etmek icin Kudus'e hukmetmeye calisiyordu. Halife Omer ibn el Hattab doneminde Muslumanlar tarafindan fethedildiginden beri Kudus yeni bir tarihi kavsaga girmistir. Bir yandan, cesitli Hacli Seferleri sirasinda Muslumanlar ve Hiristiyanlar arasinda uzun bir mucadele sahnesi haline geldi. Ote yandan, Selcuklular ile Fatimiler arasinda oldugu gibi, bolgede mevcut olan Islami gucler arasindaki mucadelenin konusu olmustur. Kudus ile ilgili catismalar, ozellikle Selcuklular ve Artuklular doneminde cok yogun olmustur. Bu donemin hem bolge hem de Kudus tarihinde yeni bir donusu temsil ettigi ve daha sonraki asamada Kudus'un icinde ve disinda en buyuk etkiye sahip olacak yeni dengeler ortaya cikti. Bu nedenle, bu arastirmada, ozellikle Selcuklular doneminde Kudus valisi olan Artuk bey doneminde, Kudus tarihinde onemli bir rol oynayan Artuklularin hukumdarligi sirasinda Kudus'un oneminin analitik bir okumasini saglamaya calisacagiz. Nitekim, Artuk bey Kudus sehri icindeki gizlenen tum guclerden korumada ve Orta Dogu bolgesindeki catismanin dogasinda da onemli bir rol oynamistir. Bu konuyu uc ana alanda ele alacagiz: 1- Orta Dogu Bolgesinde Artuklularin Ortaya Cikisi ve Denge Haritasina Etkileri. 2- Artuklularin Kudus ile Iliskisi ve Gelismeleri. 3- Kudus ve Hacli Seferleri'nde Artuklularin Rolu.
库都斯魔法被认为是一系列传说，这些传说与中东的宗教、政治和战略性质在世界其他任何领域都找不到。另一方面，犹太人、基督徒和伊斯兰教是一种神圣的魔法，奥特派、保加利亚和国际正统派以及世界其他地区是一种魔法、一种战略、宗教、历史和奥涅米。Dolayisiyla是一位名叫Ayni zamanda、farkli bolgesel和Uluslarasi的年轻人，他是一位年轻人。这些星系中的每一个都试图评判库都斯，以控制东正教的战略和文化深度。自从穆斯林在伊本·哈塔布边境死亡后，哈利菲·奥梅尔进入了一场新的历史争端。另一方面，在死亡法庭的巡回法庭上，穆斯林和Hiristians之间有一个伟大的标志。另一方面，这是关于存在于气球中的塞尔维斯和法提姆斯之间的奇迹。库都斯的灾难在救世和北极的冰层中变得极具破坏性。这种冰淇淋在库都斯的历史上已经被引入，它将在未来对库都斯产生最大的影响。因此，在太平洋库都斯总督所在的北极贝伊山谷，我们将试图通过阿库路斯立法来阻止对库都斯一案的分析，这在库都斯的历史上起到了相当大的作用。最后，阿图克在保护库都斯魔法的隐藏岩石和中东catismus的性质方面发挥了相当大的作用。我们将在中东考虑到这一点：中东的影响和中东艺术的平等地图。2-Artuklularin Kudus ile Iliskisi ve Gelismeleri。《库杜斯与艺术的正义回合》。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.810271
Anass Bousselam
Makalede, Kudus'un kurtulusuna dolayli olarak katkida bulunan en onemli tarihi sahsiyetleri ele aliyoruz, bunlardan ilki ilk tepkiyi ve Hacli dusmani ile ayriligi temsil eden Mevdud bin Altontekin, ikincisi ise ic Islami Cephe'nin birlesmesini baslatan Imad el-Din Zangi (MS 1127-1146). Edessa Emirligi MS 1144 yilinda ele gecirildi ve boylece Muslumanlar guven unsurunu yeniden kazandilar ve ucuncusu Levant'in birlesmesini ve Misir ve Arap Oteki'nin bir halifeligin altinda birlestirilmesini tamamlayan adil kral Nur al-Din Mahmud bin Imad el-Din Zangi'dir (MS 1146 - 1174), sahsi bir halifelige, Abbasi Halifeligi adini verdigimiz makaleyi " Salah al-Din el-Eyyubi'nin babasi Necm al-Din Eyyub ve Şam'daki Mu'in al-Din Anar Atabek, Salah al-Din el-Eyyubi'nin amcasi Esed al-Din Shirkuh ve Nur al-Din Zangi'nin en buyuk lideri.
在《马卡莱斯》中，我们看到了库都斯生存的第十一个历史特征，这代表了与哈克利·杜斯曼、梅夫杜德·本·阿尔通特金的第一反应，第二是伊斯兰酋长伊玛德·丁·赞吉的统一（MS 1127-1146）。Edessa于1144年被捕，统治国王Nur al-Din Mahmud bin Imad el Din Zangi（1146-1174年）是一只普通的大比目鱼，这是萨拉赫·丁·埃尤布（Salah al-Din el Eyub）、内姆·丁·埃尤卜（Necm al-Din Eyub。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.808094
Hüseyin Ali
The city of Mardin and its Artuqids leaders contributed immensely to the fight of the crusaders especially in Helep, Antakya and Bayt al-Maqdis during the reign of Sakman Ibn Artuq and his brother Najm al-Din El-Ghazi and Husam al-Din Timortash, followed by his son Najm al-Din Albi. A new stage of fighting the armies of the crusaders developed in the reign of Husam al-Din Timortash as Mardin advanced from self-defence to the stage of attack, particularly when Husam al-Din lead an army aiming at liberating Bayt al-Maqdis and al-Aqsa Mosque, regrettably the mission failed and many of the people of Mardin were martyred during this attempt. Mardin and its rulers assisted the Zengids in their numerous campaigns against the crusaders, which led to the fall of Al-Ruha (Urfa) and its return to Muslim hands. Indeed the Artuqids have played a vital role in the battlefield alongside the troops of Salah al-Din at the horns of Hattin in 583AH/1187CE and this leads to the defeat of the crusaders and expelling most of their forces to the costal towns and the liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.809571
Mustafa Kadad
Kudus sehri Artukogullari hukmu altinda 20 yil yasadi .Sakinleri bolluk icinde yasiyor, Hurriyet ve refahin tadini cikartiyordu. Ta ki Fatimiler orayi istila edip refahini kaybettirene kadar. Cok zaman gecmeden Hacli ordusunun hedefledigi ilk sefer ile sehri ve sakinlerini harap ettiler. Haclilar Mukaddes sehri ve cevresini asil sakinlerinden ve sakinlerinin kontrol ettikleri koy ve kasabalardan bilincli olarak cikarttilar. Bunun icinde bircok yol denediler Belki de bu yollarin en goze carpani isgal ettikleri tum kasaba ve koylerde yaptiklari toplu katliam ve soykirimlardir. Oranin sakinlerini oldurerek bosaltip " kardeslerinizin basina gelenler sizin de basiniza gelir" diye cevre kasabalarini korkutarak bosalttilar. Bu yerlesim siyasetlerinin ilk adimiydi. Bunu Avrupali haclilari yerlestirmeleri ve hacli yerlesim yerlerinin kurulmasi amaci ile ikinci adimin gelmesi icin yaptilar Haclilar Mukaddes sehir yaninda bir savunma hatti olusturduklari bu yerlesim yerlerinde yasamak icin dini kutsalliklari da korumak uzere aldatici argumanlarla Avrupa'dan yerlesimcileri cekmek icin calistilar. Belki de yerlesim planini tamamlamak icin Avrupa'dan goc edenlerle yetinmemislerdir ,daha ziyade onlari kendi tarafina meyl ettiren yerli dindaslarindan yardim istediler .Hacli yerlesim hareketi ile es zamanli olarak Mukaddes sehir sakinleri Hacli isgallerini baslattigi zorla yerinden edilme yolculugu ile karsi karsiyaydi. Ta ki oranin sakinleri kendileri ile beraber kendilerini sevgi ve hosgoru ile karsilayan kardeslerine katma deger olmalari, bilim sanat ve tecrubelerini nakletmek icin tum muntesipleri ile beraber( Musluman Hristiyan ve Yahudi )komsu Islam ulkelerine orada hukum suren yonetime aldiris etmeden siginsinlar. Hacli seferlerini kendilerini korumak icin geldiklerini iddia ettikleri Kudus'te yasayan Hiristiyanlarin cogunun yerlerinden goc ettirilen kisiler arasinda olduklarini belirtmek gerekir .yaptigi bu saldirilarda yerle bir ettikleri dini Mukaddesatlari ve dindaslarini koruma iddialarini da yalanlamis olduk. Selahaddin Eyyubi ve kendisinden sonraki Kudus'te hukum surenlerin eliyle acik bir fetih ile o topraklari sahiplerine geri dondurmek icin gayretli Muslumanlarin cabasini taclandirdi.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.807924
M.kamel Karabelli
There is no doubt that the civilizational contributions in the Artuqid and Ayyubid eras were prominent and evident, especially in the field of scientific life that represents the most important aspect of human civilization, even though the military aspect and the conflict between the various princes and Artoid rulers were dominated by them on the one hand, and sometimes between them and the Ayyubids, this did not prevent them from being interested in the scientific life on the other hand, especially in Bayt al-Maqdis, which was a subject of respect and appreciation for all Muslims with their various orientations and political affiliations. This interest was represented by the construction of schools and houses of knowledge supervised and run by a group of scholars where endowments were allocated especially to provide financial support, whether for construction and restoration of these schools or in the form of stipends for students and teachers. To conclude a comparison is made between those two eras, to find out what distinguished each of them in the field of scientific life, and to evaluate those achievements.
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Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.710263
A. Madihah
The Mediterranean Sea is often forgotten in the context of the current occupation in Bayt al-Maqdis, which includes a small part of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Indeed, apart from occupation of the land, Bayt al-Maqdis also faces occupation of its sea. According to El-Awaisi’s Barakah Circle Theory, world peace will only be established if peace is present in Bayt al-Maqdis. Accordingly, a comprehensive view of peace establishment efforts in Bayt al-Maqdis will be pursued. To achieve this liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis from the occupation of its land, sea, natural resources, energy, and culture requires knowledge of the Mediterranean Sea. The liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis should include the liberation of the Mediterranean, since the real point of sea power is not so much what happens at sea, but how those actions influence events on land. Thus, Muslim countries, and especially Turkey as the strongest state on the Mediterranean Sea’s coast, should be aware of the potential and threat that accompanies the establishment of peace in Bayt al-Maqdis. This article uses a qualitative approach to investigate the case study of geopolitics and occupation in the Mediterranean Sea based on the Bayt al-Maqdis Barakah Circle Theory. This study has shown that, at present, entwined military, political, and economic interests from coastal countries and international superpowers of the Mediterranean Sea should be the focus for Muslim countries in liberating Bayt al-Maqdis. This is because without liberating this specific part of Bayt al-Maqdis, the current occupation will be difficult to end.
{"title":"GEOPOLITICS AND OCCUPATION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA","authors":"A. Madihah","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.710263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.710263","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean Sea is often forgotten in the context of the current occupation in Bayt al-Maqdis, which includes a small part of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Indeed, apart from occupation of the land, Bayt al-Maqdis also faces occupation of its sea. According to El-Awaisi’s Barakah Circle Theory, world peace will only be established if peace is present in Bayt al-Maqdis. Accordingly, a comprehensive view of peace establishment efforts in Bayt al-Maqdis will be pursued. To achieve this liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis from the occupation of its land, sea, natural resources, energy, and culture requires knowledge of the Mediterranean Sea. The liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis should include the liberation of the Mediterranean, since the real point of sea power is not so much what happens at sea, but how those actions influence events on land. Thus, Muslim countries, and especially Turkey as the strongest state on the Mediterranean Sea’s coast, should be aware of the potential and threat that accompanies the establishment of peace in Bayt al-Maqdis. This article uses a qualitative approach to investigate the case study of geopolitics and occupation in the Mediterranean Sea based on the Bayt al-Maqdis Barakah Circle Theory. This study has shown that, at present, entwined military, political, and economic interests from coastal countries and international superpowers of the Mediterranean Sea should be the focus for Muslim countries in liberating Bayt al-Maqdis. This is because without liberating this specific part of Bayt al-Maqdis, the current occupation will be difficult to end.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.385423
Khalid El-Awaisi, E. Yiğit
Uzun donemler boyunca Islam hâkimiyetinde kalan Beytulmakdis’i tarih boyunca kontrol etme hususunda batili dis ilgi, hacli seferleri ve 20. Yuzyilin baslangicinda Ingiliz isgali gibi ornekler ile bircok kez basarili olmustur. Bununla birlikte, Osmanli son donemi icin yeni sayilan Beytulmakdis’i isgal etmeye yonelik bati ilgisi, Napolyon’un Misir’i isgal etmesi uzerine Beytulmakdis’e harekâti ve bu sure zarfinda Yahudi’lerden yardim talebini onlarin Filistin’e restorasyonu (donusu) icin daveti ile desteklemek istedigi basarisiz isgal girisimi ile basladi. Onun bu cagrisi, Britanya’nin Mesih’in gelisine hazirlik icin Filistin’e “Yahudi Restorasyonu” gibi uzun vadeli iki sebebi harmanlanmasiyla sonuclandi. Boylece Evanjelik Hiristiyan gruplar, Osmanli’nin Misir valisi Mehmet Ali Pasa'nin Misir ve Suriye’yi isgali ettigi surecte Kudus'te bir Ingiliz konsoloslugunun acilmasina yol acan resmi bir siyasi temsil fikrini destekleyen ilk kisilerdi. Bunu Batili diger guclerin, etkilerini pekistirme ve bolgeye nufuz etme amaci izledi. Ingilizlerin bolgedeki etkileri ve nufuzlarini pekistirmek icin baslangic olarak Kudus’te bir konsolosluk kurabilmelerini, 1917’de Kutsal Topraklari isgaline ve bolgede bati ilgisine hizmet edecek Siyonist tampon devlet kurmasindaki degerlendirmeye kadar bircok adim takip etti
在漫长的边境期间，信奉伊斯兰教的贝图尔马克迪斯的其他人一直在观察西方的兴趣、季节和20。你的声音是假的吗？Bununla birlitte，Osmanli的儿子donemi cini yeni sayilan Beytumakdis is gal et meye yonelik bati ilgisi，Napolyon'un Misir’i is gal et mesi uzerine Beytumamdis’harekâti已经确定zarfinda Yahudi’lerden yardim talebini在Filistin的修复工作中是一个很好的例子。他的热情促成了英国弥赛亚在菲律宾为“犹太复辟”做准备的两次长期协调。与此同时，Evanjelik Hiristian团体、奥斯曼利总督Mehmet Ali Pasa是第一个支持正式政治代表敦促英国驻库都斯领事馆反对埃及和叙利亚的想法的人。这就是巴蒂利旨在促进其他星系效应的原因。1917年，他采取了一系列步骤，在库杜斯建立了一个巩固机构，以促进英国人口在保加利亚地区的影响和影响，保加利亚将在西方服务，以减少锡尼主义卫生棉条的状态。
{"title":"EARLY FOREIGN PENETRATION IN THE HOLY LAND DURING THE LATE OTTOMAN PERIOD: THE ROLE OF BRITAIN","authors":"Khalid El-Awaisi, E. Yiğit","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.385423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.385423","url":null,"abstract":"Uzun donemler boyunca Islam hâkimiyetinde kalan Beytulmakdis’i tarih boyunca kontrol etme hususunda batili dis ilgi, hacli seferleri ve 20. Yuzyilin baslangicinda Ingiliz isgali gibi ornekler ile bircok kez basarili olmustur. Bununla birlikte, Osmanli son donemi icin yeni sayilan Beytulmakdis’i isgal etmeye yonelik bati ilgisi, Napolyon’un Misir’i isgal etmesi uzerine Beytulmakdis’e harekâti ve bu sure zarfinda Yahudi’lerden yardim talebini onlarin Filistin’e restorasyonu (donusu) icin daveti ile desteklemek istedigi basarisiz isgal girisimi ile basladi. Onun bu cagrisi, Britanya’nin Mesih’in gelisine hazirlik icin Filistin’e “Yahudi Restorasyonu” gibi uzun vadeli iki sebebi harmanlanmasiyla sonuclandi. Boylece Evanjelik Hiristiyan gruplar, Osmanli’nin Misir valisi Mehmet Ali Pasa'nin Misir ve Suriye’yi isgali ettigi surecte Kudus'te bir Ingiliz konsoloslugunun acilmasina yol acan resmi bir siyasi temsil fikrini destekleyen ilk kisilerdi. Bunu Batili diger guclerin, etkilerini pekistirme ve bolgeye nufuz etme amaci izledi. Ingilizlerin bolgedeki etkileri ve nufuzlarini pekistirmek icin baslangic olarak Kudus’te bir konsolosluk kurabilmelerini, 1917’de Kutsal Topraklari isgaline ve bolgede bati ilgisine hizmet edecek Siyonist tampon devlet kurmasindaki degerlendirmeye kadar bircok adim takip etti","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44388249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.645926
A. Mahfouz
{"title":"The Ottoman Monuments of Bayt al-Maqdis after the end of the First World War: a study of special archival photographs from 1919 to 1920","authors":"A. Mahfouz","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.645926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.645926","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69808823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.632958
M. Yasin
{"title":"Preventing Zionists from settling in Palestine in the second half of the nineteenth century","authors":"M. Yasin","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.632958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.632958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69808691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.578455
Asuman Gölpınar
{"title":"The Issue of Mürûr Tezkiresi (trip permit) for Russian Pilgrims coming to Jerusalem","authors":"Asuman Gölpınar","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.578455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.578455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69809139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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