V. Gurupur, Thomas T. H. Wan, Ramaraju Rudraraju, S. Kulkarni
In the recent past we have observed improvements in information technology and associated computational science advance the healthcare eco system. This advancement is happening in many parts of the healthcare eco system. The aforementioned observed phenomenon is a transdisciplinary and transformative process underway and many of us are positively affected by this transformation. In this special issue the authors have commented on some of the critical regions of this change namely: user-centred postpartum care, communication channels of knowledge, diabetes care, and natural language processing health research. It must be observed that the observed innovations may have many facets such as improving user perception, reduction in time and cost for healthcare delivery, and more importantly providing key decision tools for clinicians; thereby, improving their performance in terms of time and efficiency. It is to be noted that the core purpose of these advancements is to improve patient experience.
{"title":"The need for innovations in healthcare systems using patient experience and advancing information technology","authors":"V. Gurupur, Thomas T. H. Wan, Ramaraju Rudraraju, S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.3233/jid-230041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-230041","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past we have observed improvements in information technology and associated computational science advance the healthcare eco system. This advancement is happening in many parts of the healthcare eco system. The aforementioned observed phenomenon is a transdisciplinary and transformative process underway and many of us are positively affected by this transformation. In this special issue the authors have commented on some of the critical regions of this change namely: user-centred postpartum care, communication channels of knowledge, diabetes care, and natural language processing health research. It must be observed that the observed innovations may have many facets such as improving user perception, reduction in time and cost for healthcare delivery, and more importantly providing key decision tools for clinicians; thereby, improving their performance in terms of time and efficiency. It is to be noted that the core purpose of these advancements is to improve patient experience.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139341027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domain-diverse research, that research which involves more than one domain of knowledge, has driven significant advances in science and technology. Recent interest has been shown in the United States for identifying and generalizing techniques for promoting success with such work. In this paper, an exemplar history of domain-diverse research is presented. Next, several forms of domain-diverse research are identified. A spotlight is cast on a particular type, known as “convergence”. Convergence is a problem-solving approach that focuses on integrating the life sciences and medicine on the one hand, with the physical sciences and engineering on the other. Next, the design process is proposed as an organizing framework for domain-diverse teamwork. Finally, the need for research and training in the forming and running of such project groups is explored.
{"title":"An Investigation into the Development of Convergence Engineering","authors":"M. Lipscomb, M. Tanik, L. Jololian","doi":"10.3233/jid-230006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-230006","url":null,"abstract":"Domain-diverse research, that research which involves more than one domain of knowledge, has driven significant advances in science and technology. Recent interest has been shown in the United States for identifying and generalizing techniques for promoting success with such work. In this paper, an exemplar history of domain-diverse research is presented. Next, several forms of domain-diverse research are identified. A spotlight is cast on a particular type, known as “convergence”. Convergence is a problem-solving approach that focuses on integrating the life sciences and medicine on the one hand, with the physical sciences and engineering on the other. Next, the design process is proposed as an organizing framework for domain-diverse teamwork. Finally, the need for research and training in the forming and running of such project groups is explored.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126011797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital engineering transformation is a crucial process for the engineering paradigm shifts in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical enabling technology in digital engineering transformation. This article discusses the following research questions: What are the fundamental changes in the 4IR? More specifically, what are the fundamental changes in engineering? What is digital engineering? What are the main uncertainties there? What is trustworthy AI? Why is it important today? What are emerging engineering paradigm shifts in the 4IR? What is the relationship between the data-intensive paradigm and digital engineering transformation? What should we do for digitalization? From investigating the pattern of industrial revolutions, this article argues that ubiquitous machine intelligence is the defining power brought by the 4IR. Digitalization is a condition to leverage ubiquitous machine intelligence. Digital engineering transformation towards Industry 4.0 has three essential building blocks: digitalization of engineering, leveraging ubiquitous machine intelligence, and building digital trust and security. The engineering design community at large is facing an excellent opportunity to bring the new capabilities of ubiquitous machine intelligence and trustworthy AI principles, as well as digital trust, together in various engineering systems design to ensure the trustworthiness of systems in Industry 4.0.
{"title":"Digital Engineering Transformation with Trustworthy AI towards Industry 4.0: Emerging Paradigm Shifts","authors":"Jingwei Huang","doi":"10.3233/jid-229010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-229010","url":null,"abstract":"Digital engineering transformation is a crucial process for the engineering paradigm shifts in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical enabling technology in digital engineering transformation. This article discusses the following research questions: What are the fundamental changes in the 4IR? More specifically, what are the fundamental changes in engineering? What is digital engineering? What are the main uncertainties there? What is trustworthy AI? Why is it important today? What are emerging engineering paradigm shifts in the 4IR? What is the relationship between the data-intensive paradigm and digital engineering transformation? What should we do for digitalization? From investigating the pattern of industrial revolutions, this article argues that ubiquitous machine intelligence is the defining power brought by the 4IR. Digitalization is a condition to leverage ubiquitous machine intelligence. Digital engineering transformation towards Industry 4.0 has three essential building blocks: digitalization of engineering, leveraging ubiquitous machine intelligence, and building digital trust and security. The engineering design community at large is facing an excellent opportunity to bring the new capabilities of ubiquitous machine intelligence and trustworthy AI principles, as well as digital trust, together in various engineering systems design to ensure the trustworthiness of systems in Industry 4.0.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123714172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tanik, S. Gatchel, I. Horváth, T. Wan, Kyoung-Yun Kim, Jingwei Huang, E. Coatanéa, B. Krämer, Yong Zeng
{"title":"Footsteps Towards a Transdisciplinary Design and Process Science","authors":"M. Tanik, S. Gatchel, I. Horváth, T. Wan, Kyoung-Yun Kim, Jingwei Huang, E. Coatanéa, B. Krämer, Yong Zeng","doi":"10.3233/jid-210035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-210035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130741046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Communication Dynamics Theory, defined in a companion paper, offers a new approach to understanding Spacetime. In Communication Dynamics Theory, physical reality is assumed to arise from an anisotropic expansion of a one-dimensional communication network. In this paper, we perform a first approximation mathematical transformation of the theory into hyperbolic geometry. The resulting model provides a potential basis for developing insight pertaining to previously poorly understood fundamental constants of physics. As a demonstration, we define a proton, neutron, and electron, demonstrate the emergence of observable space and time, and generate heuristic estimates of Euler’s number, the fine structure constant, and π, as well as geometric descriptions of fundamental forces of nature, occurring as natural consequences of the linear dynamic expansion of Spacetime.
{"title":"THE RELATIVISTIC OBSERVER: Consequences of a Linear Expansion of Spacetime","authors":"Frank M. Skidmore, M. Tanik","doi":"10.3233/jid-210033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-210033","url":null,"abstract":"Communication Dynamics Theory, defined in a companion paper, offers a new approach to understanding Spacetime. In Communication Dynamics Theory, physical reality is assumed to arise from an anisotropic expansion of a one-dimensional communication network. In this paper, we perform a first approximation mathematical transformation of the theory into hyperbolic geometry. The resulting model provides a potential basis for developing insight pertaining to previously poorly understood fundamental constants of physics. As a demonstration, we define a proton, neutron, and electron, demonstrate the emergence of observable space and time, and generate heuristic estimates of Euler’s number, the fine structure constant, and π, as well as geometric descriptions of fundamental forces of nature, occurring as natural consequences of the linear dynamic expansion of Spacetime.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"228 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114441796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SDPS Conference Opening Address by Steven Weinberg, Dallas, Texas, on June 6, 2010","authors":"S. Weinberg","doi":"10.3233/jid-210032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-210032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129770971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lurong Pan, Frank M. Skidmore, Serkan Güldal, M. Tanik
Atoms are considered basic building blocks of the material world. Computational modeling is a useful technique for studying and predicting natural events. Due to the complexity and wide scale range of particle systems, current computational modelling approaches, including Classical Mechanics, General Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics are separately designed to describe systems at different sizes and precisions. While these disparate models have practical value for discrete, domain-specific problems, lack of consistency between models results in challenges when multi-scale integration and computational scalability is required. In this paper, we proposed a novel theoretical framework, inspired by the communication theory of Shannon, to describe physical reality from a new perspective. We call this approach Communication Dynamics. As an initial demonstration of the relevancy of this model, we represent electron orbital structures of atoms. Our model aims to use a uniformly applicable mathematical formula to describe natural structures at different scales. We believe this information theoretical approach represents a new way to investigate particle-wave duality and opens a pathway to multi-scale model integration between physics and other fields of science. The appendix containing actual calculations is 141-page Wolfram Mathematica file, which can be obtained from SDPS web page.
{"title":"THE THEORY OF COMMUNICATION DYNAMICS: Application to Modelling the Valence Shell Orbitals of Periodic Table Elements","authors":"Lurong Pan, Frank M. Skidmore, Serkan Güldal, M. Tanik","doi":"10.3233/jid-221013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-221013","url":null,"abstract":"Atoms are considered basic building blocks of the material world. Computational modeling is a useful technique for studying and predicting natural events. Due to the complexity and wide scale range of particle systems, current computational modelling approaches, including Classical Mechanics, General Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics are separately designed to describe systems at different sizes and precisions. While these disparate models have practical value for discrete, domain-specific problems, lack of consistency between models results in challenges when multi-scale integration and computational scalability is required. In this paper, we proposed a novel theoretical framework, inspired by the communication theory of Shannon, to describe physical reality from a new perspective. We call this approach Communication Dynamics. As an initial demonstration of the relevancy of this model, we represent electron orbital structures of atoms. Our model aims to use a uniformly applicable mathematical formula to describe natural structures at different scales. We believe this information theoretical approach represents a new way to investigate particle-wave duality and opens a pathway to multi-scale model integration between physics and other fields of science. The appendix containing actual calculations is 141-page Wolfram Mathematica file, which can be obtained from SDPS web page.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126430874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joao Paulo Jacomini Prioli, Shengyu Liu, Yinfeng Shen, V. Huynh, J. L. Rickli, Hyung-Jeong Yang, Soo-Hyung Kim, Kyoung-Yun Kim
The need for flexible production has turned manufacturing’s attention to integrate fast and uncomplicated solutions. Collaborative robots (cobots) have been considered the most impactful technology due to their versatility and human-robot interaction feature. Its implementation requires expertise in both process and cobot programming. Consequently, demand for effective programming training has increased over the past years. This paper, then, aims to design and explore a smart cobot programming system and conduct an empirical study to understand human engagement and programming performance. A repertory grid is employed based on cobot experts to understand different cobot programming approaches. Meaningful insights were considered to design and implement a smart programming system configuration. Then, an empirical programming study was performed considering cobot expertise and human engagement. Results demonstrated similarities and disparities in data collected, which was inferred to indicate differences in cobot programming behavior. Finally, the work identifies and discusses patterns to differentiate programmer expertise levels and behaviors.
{"title":"Empirical study for human engagement in collaborative robot programming","authors":"Joao Paulo Jacomini Prioli, Shengyu Liu, Yinfeng Shen, V. Huynh, J. L. Rickli, Hyung-Jeong Yang, Soo-Hyung Kim, Kyoung-Yun Kim","doi":"10.3233/jid-221012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-221012","url":null,"abstract":"The need for flexible production has turned manufacturing’s attention to integrate fast and uncomplicated solutions. Collaborative robots (cobots) have been considered the most impactful technology due to their versatility and human-robot interaction feature. Its implementation requires expertise in both process and cobot programming. Consequently, demand for effective programming training has increased over the past years. This paper, then, aims to design and explore a smart cobot programming system and conduct an empirical study to understand human engagement and programming performance. A repertory grid is employed based on cobot experts to understand different cobot programming approaches. Meaningful insights were considered to design and implement a smart programming system configuration. Then, an empirical programming study was performed considering cobot expertise and human engagement. Results demonstrated similarities and disparities in data collected, which was inferred to indicate differences in cobot programming behavior. Finally, the work identifies and discusses patterns to differentiate programmer expertise levels and behaviors.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123454824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to improve students’ learning performance by optimizing their mental stresses in learning through proposing a new course timetabling method. This new method is based on two hypotheses that formulate the link between course timetabling and learning experience: i) a student’s learning performance is superior when the student is subject to moderate stress; ii) an individual’s mental capacity varies during a day according to Circadian Rhythm. The student’s mental stress in taking a course is defined as a function of their mental capacity and the workload required by the course. The workload is determined by utilizing a multi-criteria prioritization technique—Analytic Hierarchy Process. As a result, the timetabling problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model, which is tested on an engineering program to produce a student-centered timetable for its scheduled courses. This new method differs from traditional course scheduling and timetabling approaches, which are usually tackled as a constrained optimization problem with an objective to optimize a given set of criteria, such as student and faculty preferences, walking distances between consecutive classes, classroom utilization and operating expenses.
{"title":"Impact of course timetabling on learning quality: sustaining an optimized stress level to stimulate enhanced comprehension","authors":"S. Razavi, A. Akgunduz, Yong Zeng","doi":"10.3233/jid-220019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-220019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to improve students’ learning performance by optimizing their mental stresses in learning through proposing a new course timetabling method. This new method is based on two hypotheses that formulate the link between course timetabling and learning experience: i) a student’s learning performance is superior when the student is subject to moderate stress; ii) an individual’s mental capacity varies during a day according to Circadian Rhythm. The student’s mental stress in taking a course is defined as a function of their mental capacity and the workload required by the course. The workload is determined by utilizing a multi-criteria prioritization technique—Analytic Hierarchy Process. As a result, the timetabling problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model, which is tested on an engineering program to produce a student-centered timetable for its scheduled courses. This new method differs from traditional course scheduling and timetabling approaches, which are usually tackled as a constrained optimization problem with an objective to optimize a given set of criteria, such as student and faculty preferences, walking distances between consecutive classes, classroom utilization and operating expenses.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123126844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Yang, Brittany Shewchuk, Ce Shang, Jung Ae Lee, Sarah Gehlert
Modern medicine and healthcare systems focus on diagnosing, treating, and monitoring diseases in clinical practice. However, contemporary disease burden is driven by chronic diseases, whose determinants occur across multiple levels of influence, from genetics to changes in the natural, built environments to societal conditions and policies. Conventional discipline-specific approaches are useful for the discovery and accumulation of knowledge on single causes of disease entities. Multidisciplinary collaborations can facilitate the identification of the causes of diseases at multi-level, while interdisciplinary collaboration remains limited to transferring tools from one discipline to another, perhaps creating new disciplines (molecular epidemiology, etc). However, these forms of disciplinary collaboration fall short in capturing the complexity of chronic disease. In addition, these approaches lack sufficient power to generate knowledge that is translatable into implementable solutions, because their failure to provide a holistic view limited their ability to capture the complexity of real-world problems. Transdisciplinary collaborations gained popularity in health research in the 1990 s, when disciplinary researchers began to develop integrated research frameworks that transcended discipline-specific methods. Using cancer research as an example, this position paper describes the nature of different disciplinary collaborations, reviews transdisciplinary research projects funded by the US National Cancer Institute, discusses frameworks to develop shared mental model in teams and the evaluation of transdisciplinary collaborations, highlights the role of team science in successful transdisciplinary health research, and proposed future research to develop science of team science.
{"title":"Transdisciplinary Team Science in Health Research, Where Are We?","authors":"Lin Yang, Brittany Shewchuk, Ce Shang, Jung Ae Lee, Sarah Gehlert","doi":"10.3233/jid-220011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-220011","url":null,"abstract":"Modern medicine and healthcare systems focus on diagnosing, treating, and monitoring diseases in clinical practice. However, contemporary disease burden is driven by chronic diseases, whose determinants occur across multiple levels of influence, from genetics to changes in the natural, built environments to societal conditions and policies. Conventional discipline-specific approaches are useful for the discovery and accumulation of knowledge on single causes of disease entities. Multidisciplinary collaborations can facilitate the identification of the causes of diseases at multi-level, while interdisciplinary collaboration remains limited to transferring tools from one discipline to another, perhaps creating new disciplines (molecular epidemiology, etc). However, these forms of disciplinary collaboration fall short in capturing the complexity of chronic disease. In addition, these approaches lack sufficient power to generate knowledge that is translatable into implementable solutions, because their failure to provide a holistic view limited their ability to capture the complexity of real-world problems. Transdisciplinary collaborations gained popularity in health research in the 1990 s, when disciplinary researchers began to develop integrated research frameworks that transcended discipline-specific methods. Using cancer research as an example, this position paper describes the nature of different disciplinary collaborations, reviews transdisciplinary research projects funded by the US National Cancer Institute, discusses frameworks to develop shared mental model in teams and the evaluation of transdisciplinary collaborations, highlights the role of team science in successful transdisciplinary health research, and proposed future research to develop science of team science.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128996431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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