A value-based strategy relies on the implementation of a patient-centered care system that will directly benefit patient care outcomes and reduce costs of care. This paper identifies the trends and approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) research in healthcare. The convergence of multiple disciplines in the conduct of healthcare research requires partnerships to be established among academic scholars, healthcare practitioners, and industrial experts in software design and data science. This collaborative work will greatly enhance the formulation of theoretically relevant frameworks to guide empirical research and application, particularly relevant in the search for causal mechanisms to reduce costly and avoidable hospital readmissions for chronic conditions. An example of implementing patient-centered care at the community level is presented and entails the influence of the context, design, process, performance and outcomes on personal and population health, employing AI research and informational technology.
{"title":"Convergence of artificial intelligence research in healthcare: Trends and approaches","authors":"T. Wan","doi":"10.3233/JID200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JID200002","url":null,"abstract":"A value-based strategy relies on the implementation of a patient-centered care system that will directly benefit patient care outcomes and reduce costs of care. This paper identifies the trends and approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) research in healthcare. The convergence of multiple disciplines in the conduct of healthcare research requires partnerships to be established among academic scholars, healthcare practitioners, and industrial experts in software design and data science. This collaborative work will greatly enhance the formulation of theoretically relevant frameworks to guide empirical research and application, particularly relevant in the search for causal mechanisms to reduce costly and avoidable hospital readmissions for chronic conditions. An example of implementing patient-centered care at the community level is presented and entails the influence of the context, design, process, performance and outcomes on personal and population health, employing AI research and informational technology.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127781594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Designers usually spend non-negligible efforts in performing comprehensive design space explorations, but important information exchanged in conceptual design sessions is often lost, even about the rationale behind preferred solutions. As a part of a broader investigation concerning the impact of knowledge coming from previously performed design tasks, this paper describes an experiment aimed at assessing the impact on the design outcomes of two representations used to share existing design information. In particular, the authors compared a function structure, together with a morphological chart, against a hierarchically organized tree of problems and solutions. The design experiment has been performed with a sample composed by 35 engineering students, which have been opportunely subdivided in three groups. The experiment has been structured in three phases and acknowledged literature metrics for assessing idea generation effectiveness have been applied to assess the design outcomes produced by students. Obtained results show that providing information with the two investigated representations leads to potential advantages in terms of Variety of devised concepts. Moreover, additional analysis of the results highlighted that the considered representations led to different idea-generation paths.
{"title":"Impact of Design Representations on Creativity of Design Outcomes","authors":"G. Cascini, Lorenzo Fiorineschi, F. Rotini","doi":"10.3233/JID180012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JID180012","url":null,"abstract":"Designers usually spend non-negligible efforts in performing comprehensive design space explorations, but important information exchanged in conceptual design sessions is often lost, even about the rationale behind preferred solutions. As a part of a broader investigation concerning the impact of knowledge coming from previously performed design tasks, this paper describes an experiment aimed at assessing the impact on the design outcomes of two representations used to share existing design information. In particular, the authors compared a function structure, together with a morphological chart, against a hierarchically organized tree of problems and solutions. The design experiment has been performed with a sample composed by 35 engineering students, which have been opportunely subdivided in three groups. The experiment has been structured in three phases and acknowledged literature metrics for assessing idea generation effectiveness have been applied to assess the design outcomes produced by students. Obtained results show that providing information with the two investigated representations leads to potential advantages in terms of Variety of devised concepts. Moreover, additional analysis of the results highlighted that the considered representations led to different idea-generation paths.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"77 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120863344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Function and Aesthetics of a Product in Segmentation of the Sketch","authors":"S. Ekwaro-Osire, J. Dias","doi":"10.3233/JID-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JID-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121847704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innovation plays a significant role in the knowledge-based economy for a nation. Based on the design creativity theory proposed by Nguyen and Zeng (Nguyen and Zeng, 2012), the designer’s innovation in dealing with a design problem depends on the designer’s stress level, which further relies on the cognitive workload perceived by the designer and the designer’s capabilities. The designer’s capability is defined by his/her knowledge and logical reasoning abilities to understand and solve the design problem as well as his/her emotional capability to cope with the stress arisen during the design process. A designer could be more creative and innovative if the designer’s mental stress is kept at a medium level. Nguyen and Zeng (Nguyen and Zeng, 2017) analysed how design tools may contribute to the use of proper design knowledge in improving the creativity and novelty of the final design solutions. Zeng et al. (Zeng et al., 2004) indicated that sketching as a design tool would help designers be more creative by releasing their cognitive workload. In this special issue, four papers are selected to cover the four aspects that affect designers’ capabilities to be creative and innovative. The first paper, by Tianqun Pan and titled “Technological Innovation: A Balance between Indispensability and Feasibility”, aims to explore the designer’s reasoning in technological innovation by using modal logic. A technology is described as a set of action propositions whereas a technological innovation is regarded to form a new set of such propositions. An action proposition can be roughly viewed as a function or affordance, which are widely used in the design research community (Chakrabarti and Bligh, 2001; Gero and Kannengiesser, 2007; Hirtz et al., 2002; Maier and Fadel, 2009; Umeda et al., 1990). An action proposition is indispensable if regarded as necessary no matter how the technology involved is innovated. An action proposition is feasible if workable but replaceable in terms of achieving some effect(s). Hence, an indispensable action is more or less the function or affordance that a technology must deliver certain effect(s) (e.g. satisfying natural laws) while a feasible action can be seen as one of the alternative solutions to achieve an effect (e.g. satisfying human needs). The interaction between the indispensable and feasible actions constitute the recursive logic of design (Zeng and Cheng, 1991). Thus, a technological innovation constitutes a balance between indispensability and feasibility. Logics containing the operators of indispensability and feasibility are then used to draw inferences regarding technological innovation. The second paper, by Stephen Ekwaro-Osire and Joao Paulo Dias and titled “Function and Aesthetics of a Product in Segmentation of the Sketch”, aims to segment product sketches by considering the central characteristics of product design. The segmentation of design sketches can support the capturing of design rationale, which can be u
创新在一个国家的知识经济中扮演着重要的角色。根据Nguyen和Zeng (Nguyen and Zeng, 2012)提出的设计创造力理论，设计师在处理设计问题时的创新取决于设计师的压力水平，而压力水平又取决于设计师感知到的认知工作量和设计师的能力。设计师的能力是由他/她理解和解决设计问题的知识和逻辑推理能力以及他/她应对设计过程中出现的压力的情感能力来定义的。如果设计师的精神压力保持在中等水平，他们可能会更有创造力和创新精神。Nguyen和Zeng (Nguyen和Zeng, 2017)分析了设计工具如何有助于使用适当的设计知识来提高最终设计解决方案的创造力和新颖性。Zeng et al. (Zeng et al.， 2004)指出，素描作为一种设计工具，可以通过释放他们的认知工作量，帮助设计师更有创造力。本期特刊选取了四篇论文，涵盖了影响设计师创造力和创新能力的四个方面。第一篇论文由潘天群撰写，题目为《技术创新:不可或缺与可行性的平衡》，旨在运用模态逻辑探讨技术创新中设计者的推理。技术被描述为一组行动命题，而技术创新被认为是形成一组新的行动命题。一个行动命题可以被粗略地看作是一个功能或功能，这在设计研究界被广泛使用(Chakrabarti和Bligh, 2001;Gero and Kannengiesser, 2007;Hirtz et al.， 2002;Maier and Fadel, 2009;Umeda等人，1990)。无论涉及的技术如何创新，如果认为有必要，行动主张都是必不可少的。如果一个行动主张是可行的，那么它就是可行的，但就实现某些效果而言，它是可替代的。因此，不可或缺的行动或多或少是技术必须提供某种效果(例如，满足自然规律)的功能或功能，而可行的行动可以被视为实现某种效果(例如，满足人类需求)的替代解决方案之一。不可缺少的和可行的行为之间的相互作用构成了设计的递归逻辑(Zeng and Cheng, 1991)。因此，技术创新构成了不可或缺性和可行性之间的平衡。然后使用包含不可缺少和可行性算子的逻辑来得出有关技术创新的推论。第二篇论文由Stephen Ekwaro-Osire和Joao Paulo Dias撰写，题为“产品在草图分割中的功能和美学”，旨在通过考虑产品设计的核心特征来分割产品草图。设计草图的分割可以支持设计原理的获取，可以作为未来设计项目的知识。对此有一个重要的标准
{"title":"How Is Innovation Influenced by Logic, Emotion and Representation?","authors":"S. Razavi, Yong Zeng","doi":"10.3233/jid190019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid190019","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation plays a significant role in the knowledge-based economy for a nation. Based on the design creativity theory proposed by Nguyen and Zeng (Nguyen and Zeng, 2012), the designer’s innovation in dealing with a design problem depends on the designer’s stress level, which further relies on the cognitive workload perceived by the designer and the designer’s capabilities. The designer’s capability is defined by his/her knowledge and logical reasoning abilities to understand and solve the design problem as well as his/her emotional capability to cope with the stress arisen during the design process. A designer could be more creative and innovative if the designer’s mental stress is kept at a medium level. Nguyen and Zeng (Nguyen and Zeng, 2017) analysed how design tools may contribute to the use of proper design knowledge in improving the creativity and novelty of the final design solutions. Zeng et al. (Zeng et al., 2004) indicated that sketching as a design tool would help designers be more creative by releasing their cognitive workload. In this special issue, four papers are selected to cover the four aspects that affect designers’ capabilities to be creative and innovative. The first paper, by Tianqun Pan and titled “Technological Innovation: A Balance between Indispensability and Feasibility”, aims to explore the designer’s reasoning in technological innovation by using modal logic. A technology is described as a set of action propositions whereas a technological innovation is regarded to form a new set of such propositions. An action proposition can be roughly viewed as a function or affordance, which are widely used in the design research community (Chakrabarti and Bligh, 2001; Gero and Kannengiesser, 2007; Hirtz et al., 2002; Maier and Fadel, 2009; Umeda et al., 1990). An action proposition is indispensable if regarded as necessary no matter how the technology involved is innovated. An action proposition is feasible if workable but replaceable in terms of achieving some effect(s). Hence, an indispensable action is more or less the function or affordance that a technology must deliver certain effect(s) (e.g. satisfying natural laws) while a feasible action can be seen as one of the alternative solutions to achieve an effect (e.g. satisfying human needs). The interaction between the indispensable and feasible actions constitute the recursive logic of design (Zeng and Cheng, 1991). Thus, a technological innovation constitutes a balance between indispensability and feasibility. Logics containing the operators of indispensability and feasibility are then used to draw inferences regarding technological innovation. The second paper, by Stephen Ekwaro-Osire and Joao Paulo Dias and titled “Function and Aesthetics of a Product in Segmentation of the Sketch”, aims to segment product sketches by considering the central characteristics of product design. The segmentation of design sketches can support the capturing of design rationale, which can be u","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124527033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Designer as Enthusiast - Facilitating an Open Innovation Approach","authors":"Bettina Minder, A. H. Lassen","doi":"10.3233/jid190015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid190015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"584 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122693637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technological Innovation: A Balance between Indispensability and Feasibility","authors":"Tianqun Pan","doi":"10.3233/jid190018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid190018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125072823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulating Human Strategic Vision in Real-Time Strategy Games with Holonic Superposition Intelligent Multi-Agent Systems","authors":"Gerard Gouws, E. M. Ehlers","doi":"10.3233/JID190005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JID190005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131087366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CESIMAS: A Self-adaptive MAS toward improved Critical Infrastructure protection","authors":"J. V. Niekerk, E. M. Ehlers","doi":"10.3233/JID190007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JID190007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128300951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventionally, a technical system is defined in the design phase and considers all important requirements and aspects. The expected operations and the circumstances of operations are to be known in advance. If these are known, then the designed system can even be validated before it is produced or launched on the market. Validation is typically based on predictive analyses or simulations. However, these do not apply completely in the case of smart systems such as smart cyber-physical systems (S-CPSs) which self-manage their operation, or at least a part of it. Being able to adapt during run-time and evolve over time, S-CPSs cannot be validated using conventional deterministic approaches. Typical examples of these self-managing systems are S-CPSs already used as instrumentation in the medical field. The above circumscribed situation stimulated our background research, the results of which are concisely summarized and critically concluded in this paper. The literature has been found fairly narrow in terms of novel validation approaches for self-managing systems. The literature proposes to share the tasks of operational and behavioral validation among the system designers and the technical systems themselves. While designers need prognostic approaches to validate system operation, systems need to construct validation plans and execute them at run-time. This requires additional, validation-specific functionalities and context-dependent mechanisms such as run-time validation frameworks or meta-models, objective-sensitive self-monitoring mechanisms, self-constraining and self-supporting mechanisms, and other enablers. Extensive foundational research and system prototype testing are deemed to be indispensable. To make the first small step in this direction, this paper proposes a concept for the validation of smart medical CPSs. This relies on the following hypothesis: If a system has the freedom for self-adaptation, then it should also be equipped with a self-control mechanism, meta-knowledge, and a supervisory controller. These additional resources enable purpose- and context-dependent semantic reasoning about the operational objectives and behavioral states. This paper suggests a number of topics for future research towards a run-time validation engine.
{"title":"From Validation of Medical Devices towards Validation of Adaptive Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"J. Tavčar, J. Duhovnik, I. Horváth","doi":"10.3233/JID190008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JID190008","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally, a technical system is defined in the design phase and considers all important requirements and aspects. The expected operations and the circumstances of operations are to be known in advance. If these are known, then the designed system can even be validated before it is produced or launched on the market. Validation is typically based on predictive analyses or simulations. However, these do not apply completely in the case of smart systems such as smart cyber-physical systems (S-CPSs) which self-manage their operation, or at least a part of it. Being able to adapt during run-time and evolve over time, S-CPSs cannot be validated using conventional deterministic approaches. Typical examples of these self-managing systems are S-CPSs already used as instrumentation in the medical field. The above circumscribed situation stimulated our background research, the results of which are concisely summarized and critically concluded in this paper. The literature has been found fairly narrow in terms of novel validation approaches for self-managing systems. The literature proposes to share the tasks of operational and behavioral validation among the system designers and the technical systems themselves. While designers need prognostic approaches to validate system operation, systems need to construct validation plans and execute them at run-time. This requires additional, validation-specific functionalities and context-dependent mechanisms such as run-time validation frameworks or meta-models, objective-sensitive self-monitoring mechanisms, self-constraining and self-supporting mechanisms, and other enablers. Extensive foundational research and system prototype testing are deemed to be indispensable. To make the first small step in this direction, this paper proposes a concept for the validation of smart medical CPSs. This relies on the following hypothesis: If a system has the freedom for self-adaptation, then it should also be equipped with a self-control mechanism, meta-knowledge, and a supervisory controller. These additional resources enable purpose- and context-dependent semantic reasoning about the operational objectives and behavioral states. This paper suggests a number of topics for future research towards a run-time validation engine.","PeriodicalId":342559,"journal":{"name":"J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.","volume":"23 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130131435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：