Aleksei V. Berezhnoy, Irina A. Yankelevich, Galina M. Aleshina, O. Shamova
BACKGROUND: Severe stress causes an array of dysfunctions in the immune, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, digestive and other systems, resulting in an emergence of various types of pathology. Common manifestations of a chronic stress are the disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, biliary dyskinesia, dysbiosis, inflammatory processes that determine the development of gastritis and one of the most widespread post-stress pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract — stomach ulcers. The disclosure of the molecular mechanisms of a pathogenesis of diseases associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction related to chronic stress as well as a search for new ways to correct these disorders are important tasks of fundamental and clinical medicine. The present work is focused on evaluating a participation of molecular factors of the innate immunity in intestine, such as antimicrobial peptides secreted by intestinal epithelial cells upon infection, in a response to the chronic stress. AIM: The aim of the study was to estimate the gene expression of a number of antimicrobial peptides: intestinal α- and β-defensins of laboratory animals (rats) under chronic stress conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Modeling of a chronic stress was performed by daily forced swimming of laboratory animals in cold water. An expression of α- and β-defensin genes was evaluated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: We found an increase in the level of expression of the rat α-defensin-5 and β-defensin-3 genes in response to chronic stress, while the expression of β-defensin-2 gene was not changed compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that changes in the concentration and spectrum of peptides with antibacterial activity, caused by prolonged stress, can contribute to modification of the composition of the intestinal microbiota, the data obtained can expand our understanding of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of diseases associated with disorders in the composition of microbiota under stress.
{"title":"Gene expression of antimicrobial peptides in rat intestine under conditions of chronic stress","authors":"Aleksei V. Berezhnoy, Irina A. Yankelevich, Galina M. Aleshina, O. Shamova","doi":"10.17816/maj623704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj623704","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Severe stress causes an array of dysfunctions in the immune, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, digestive and other systems, resulting in an emergence of various types of pathology. Common manifestations of a chronic stress are the disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, biliary dyskinesia, dysbiosis, inflammatory processes that determine the development of gastritis and one of the most widespread post-stress pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract — stomach ulcers. The disclosure of the molecular mechanisms of a pathogenesis of diseases associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction related to chronic stress as well as a search for new ways to correct these disorders are important tasks of fundamental and clinical medicine. The present work is focused on evaluating a participation of molecular factors of the innate immunity in intestine, such as antimicrobial peptides secreted by intestinal epithelial cells upon infection, in a response to the chronic stress. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to estimate the gene expression of a number of antimicrobial peptides: intestinal α- and β-defensins of laboratory animals (rats) under chronic stress conditions. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Modeling of a chronic stress was performed by daily forced swimming of laboratory animals in cold water. An expression of α- and β-defensin genes was evaluated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. \u0000RESULTS: We found an increase in the level of expression of the rat α-defensin-5 and β-defensin-3 genes in response to chronic stress, while the expression of β-defensin-2 gene was not changed compared to the control. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Considering that changes in the concentration and spectrum of peptides with antibacterial activity, caused by prolonged stress, can contribute to modification of the composition of the intestinal microbiota, the data obtained can expand our understanding of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of diseases associated with disorders in the composition of microbiota under stress.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Currently, the effectiveness of the treatment of malignant tumors using surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is insufficient. Therefore, new research is needed to find alternative molecules with antitumor effects. It is known that nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibits invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Studying the effects of NGF on brain tumors, as well as its combinations with chemotherapy drugs used in medicine, may contribute to the development of new treatment regimens for malignant neoplasms in the central nervous system. AIM: The purpose of this study is an exploration the molecular and cellular mechanisms of anticancer effects of individual and combined preparations of NGF and chemotherapeutic drugs on brain tumor cells (gliomas C6, U251, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma and medulloblastoma). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on rat glioma C6, human U251 glioma cell lines, as well as on primary cells of anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 9), glioblastoma (n = 9) and medulloblastoma (n = 38) patients. The cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, NGF and their combinations against tumor cells was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression of TrkA and p75 receptors on anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma and medulloblastoma cells was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis using anti-TrkA and anti-p75 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Nerve growth factor exhibits in vitro cytotoxic activity that exceeds the activity of chemotherapy drugs towards rat glioma C6, human U251, anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), glioblastoma (GBM) and medulloblastoma cells. The cytotoxic activity of NGF in combination with chemotherapy drugs is significantly higher than the activity of the individual NGF drug against medulloblastoma cells, while against anaplastic astrocytoma cells it is comparable to the indicators of the isolated action of NGF, and lower for glioblastoma cells. The effectiveness of the cytotoxic effect of the combinations NGF + cisplatin and NGF + temozolomide (TMZ) on AA and GBM cells correlates with both the expression of TrkA, p75 receptors, and their coexpression, indicating that expression indicators can be considered as markers of tumor cell sensitivity to NGF. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained allow us to consider NGF as a potential anticancer drug for the treatment of brain tumors. Thus, NGF can act as a potential anticancer drug for the development of new therapeutic regimens for brain tumors.
{"title":"Cytotoxic effects of nerve growth factor and its combinations with chemotherapeutic drugs on anaplastoc astrocytoma, glioblastoma and medubloblastoma cells in vitro","authors":"A. Chernov, E. Galimova, O. Shamova","doi":"10.17816/maj624106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj624106","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Currently, the effectiveness of the treatment of malignant tumors using surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is insufficient. Therefore, new research is needed to find alternative molecules with antitumor effects. It is known that nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibits invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Studying the effects of NGF on brain tumors, as well as its combinations with chemotherapy drugs used in medicine, may contribute to the development of new treatment regimens for malignant neoplasms in the central nervous system. \u0000AIM: The purpose of this study is an exploration the molecular and cellular mechanisms of anticancer effects of individual and combined preparations of NGF and chemotherapeutic drugs on brain tumor cells (gliomas C6, U251, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma and medulloblastoma). \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on rat glioma C6, human U251 glioma cell lines, as well as on primary cells of anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 9), glioblastoma (n = 9) and medulloblastoma (n = 38) patients. The cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, NGF and their combinations against tumor cells was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression of TrkA and p75 receptors on anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma and medulloblastoma cells was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis using anti-TrkA and anti-p75 monoclonal antibodies. \u0000RESULTS: Nerve growth factor exhibits in vitro cytotoxic activity that exceeds the activity of chemotherapy drugs towards rat glioma C6, human U251, anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), glioblastoma (GBM) and medulloblastoma cells. The cytotoxic activity of NGF in combination with chemotherapy drugs is significantly higher than the activity of the individual NGF drug against medulloblastoma cells, while against anaplastic astrocytoma cells it is comparable to the indicators of the isolated action of NGF, and lower for glioblastoma cells. The effectiveness of the cytotoxic effect of the combinations NGF + cisplatin and NGF + temozolomide (TMZ) on AA and GBM cells correlates with both the expression of TrkA, p75 receptors, and their coexpression, indicating that expression indicators can be considered as markers of tumor cell sensitivity to NGF. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained allow us to consider NGF as a potential anticancer drug for the treatment of brain tumors. Thus, NGF can act as a potential anticancer drug for the development of new therapeutic regimens for brain tumors.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Areshidze, Maria A. Kozlova, Denis V. Mishchenko, Valery P. Chernikov, T. V. Bezuglova, M. Mnikhovich, Z. Gioeva, U. Y. Allayarova, Anna I. Anurkina
BACKGROUND: Today it is known that disturbance of the lighting regime, expressed both by lengthening of the light period and its reduction, can not only affect the regulation of circadian rhythms of the organism, but also contributes to the initiation of neoplasm growth. AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate circadian rhythmicity of melatonin level, some micromorphometric indices of tumor cells and expression of genes Bmal1, Clock and Per2 in them in mice with transplanted melanoma B16. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 75 mice with subcutaneously transplanted melanoma B16, divided into 3 groups: control group, in which animals were kept under fixed light regime (light/darkness 10/14 hours with light on at 8:00 and off at 18:00), group under dark deprivation conditions, with animals kept under constant light 24 hours a day and group, in which animals were kept in constant darkness. The duration of the experiment was 2 weeks. RESULTS: It was shown that under conditions of fixed light there are reliable circadian rhythms for all studied parameters, except for the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, the circadian rhythms of which was not revealed in any group. Constant darkness leads to rearrangement of all identified rhythms, and constant light causes destruction of all circadian rhythms except the Clock expression rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that light disturbances, whether constant light or constant darkness, lead to significant changes in the structure of the studied circadian rhythms.
{"title":"Influence of various light regimes on some circadian rhythms of transplantable melanoma B16","authors":"D. Areshidze, Maria A. Kozlova, Denis V. Mishchenko, Valery P. Chernikov, T. V. Bezuglova, M. Mnikhovich, Z. Gioeva, U. Y. Allayarova, Anna I. Anurkina","doi":"10.17816/maj607446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj607446","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Today it is known that disturbance of the lighting regime, expressed both by lengthening of the light period and its reduction, can not only affect the regulation of circadian rhythms of the organism, but also contributes to the initiation of neoplasm growth. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate circadian rhythmicity of melatonin level, some micromorphometric indices of tumor cells and expression of genes Bmal1, Clock and Per2 in them in mice with transplanted melanoma B16. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 75 mice with subcutaneously transplanted melanoma B16, divided into 3 groups: control group, in which animals were kept under fixed light regime (light/darkness 10/14 hours with light on at 8:00 and off at 18:00), group under dark deprivation conditions, with animals kept under constant light 24 hours a day and group, in which animals were kept in constant darkness. The duration of the experiment was 2 weeks. \u0000RESULTS: It was shown that under conditions of fixed light there are reliable circadian rhythms for all studied parameters, except for the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, the circadian rhythms of which was not revealed in any group. Constant darkness leads to rearrangement of all identified rhythms, and constant light causes destruction of all circadian rhythms except the Clock expression rhythm. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that light disturbances, whether constant light or constant darkness, lead to significant changes in the structure of the studied circadian rhythms.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grigory A. Demyashkin, Zaira M. Murtazalieva, Matvey A. Vadyukhin, Makka B. Bimurzaeva, Magomed I. Lotyrov
BACKGROUND: When malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs are irradiated, healthy ovarian tissues can get into the irradiation area. So, among all physico-chemical factors, ionizing radiation is the most common cause of ovarian failure, which has a negative impact on fertility. Conducting research in this area is especially important in connection with the active introduction of electron therapy in the protocols for the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the small pelvis with the need to find ways to prevent and treat post-radiation ovarian lesions. In addition, one of the main tasks of modern radiobiology is the creation of experimental animal models in order to reveal the mechanisms of radiation exposure with subsequent extrapolation of the results obtained to humans in order to level the side effects of radiation therapy and select optimal doses. AIM: The aim of the study was a morphofunctional assessment of the ovaries after local electron irradiation in single and fractional modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into three groups: I — control (n = 10); II (n = 10) — subjected to a single local irradiation with electrons at a dose of 2 Gy; III (n = 10) — subjected to fractional local irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy. RESULTS: After a single local irradiation with electrons at a dose of 2 Gy, multiple hemorrhages and a decrease in the number of growing follicles with a discontinuous theca layer, which were unevenly distributed over its volume, were noted in the ovary. A statistically significant difference in the number of follicles was revealed: a decrease in the number of primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary follicles and an increase in atretic follicles. The most pronounced difference in the number of follicles between the studied groups was found in the group of fractional electron irradiation at a dose of 20 Gy: the smallest number of primordial and the largest number of atretic follicles with signs of post-radiation fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: The most profound damage to the ovary develops after exposure to fractional electron irradiation at a total dose of 20 Gy compared with a single exposure to ionizing radiation at a dose of 2 Gy: a reduced number of follicles, a decrease in the area and thickness of the cortical substance, as well as the thickness of the ovarian tunica, in combination with the growth of the connective tissue.
{"title":"Morphological assessment of the ovarians after single and fractional local electron iradiation","authors":"Grigory A. Demyashkin, Zaira M. Murtazalieva, Matvey A. Vadyukhin, Makka B. Bimurzaeva, Magomed I. Lotyrov","doi":"10.17816/maj567961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj567961","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: When malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs are irradiated, healthy ovarian tissues can get into the irradiation area. So, among all physico-chemical factors, ionizing radiation is the most common cause of ovarian failure, which has a negative impact on fertility. Conducting research in this area is especially important in connection with the active introduction of electron therapy in the protocols for the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the small pelvis with the need to find ways to prevent and treat post-radiation ovarian lesions. In addition, one of the main tasks of modern radiobiology is the creation of experimental animal models in order to reveal the mechanisms of radiation exposure with subsequent extrapolation of the results obtained to humans in order to level the side effects of radiation therapy and select optimal doses. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was a morphofunctional assessment of the ovaries after local electron irradiation in single and fractional modes. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into three groups: I — control (n = 10); II (n = 10) — subjected to a single local irradiation with electrons at a dose of 2 Gy; III (n = 10) — subjected to fractional local irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy. \u0000RESULTS: After a single local irradiation with electrons at a dose of 2 Gy, multiple hemorrhages and a decrease in the number of growing follicles with a discontinuous theca layer, which were unevenly distributed over its volume, were noted in the ovary. A statistically significant difference in the number of follicles was revealed: a decrease in the number of primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary follicles and an increase in atretic follicles. The most pronounced difference in the number of follicles between the studied groups was found in the group of fractional electron irradiation at a dose of 20 Gy: the smallest number of primordial and the largest number of atretic follicles with signs of post-radiation fibrosis. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The most profound damage to the ovary develops after exposure to fractional electron irradiation at a total dose of 20 Gy compared with a single exposure to ionizing radiation at a dose of 2 Gy: a reduced number of follicles, a decrease in the area and thickness of the cortical substance, as well as the thickness of the ovarian tunica, in combination with the growth of the connective tissue.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is characterized by neurological and mental complications in a significant number of patients, which are based on disruption of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, penetration of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the brain, neuroinflammation and coagulopathy. Studies of the brains of patients who died during an acute period of the disease showed a presence of foci of perivascular inflammation containing macrophages and, in a small number, CD8+ T cells. Microglial cells, mast cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells are involved in the development of neuroinflammation. Microglial nodules were observed in brain tissue samples, indicating neurophagia and neuronal loss. Some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, in particular the S protein, have pathogenic properties towards neurons. Biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients — NfL (neurofilament light chain) and GFAp (glial fibrillary acidic protein) indicate axonal destruction and astrocyte damage. Many patients with COVID-19, develop autoantibodies to self-antigens, including some CNS receptors, and encephalitis due to immune dysfunction and molecular mimicry. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, coronavirus infection increases the symptoms of these diseases. The purpose of the review is summarizing the literary data for the analysis of immunopathogenesis of neuropsychic complications of acute coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and post-COVID syndrome.
由 SARS-CoV-2 冠状病毒引起的感染在相当多的患者中表现为神经和精神并发症，这些并发症的基础是血脑屏障的通透性被破坏、促炎细胞因子渗入大脑、神经炎症和凝血病变。对急性期死亡患者大脑的研究表明，血管周围存在炎症病灶，其中含有巨噬细胞和少量 CD8+ T 细胞。小胶质细胞、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞和内皮细胞参与了神经炎症的发展。在脑组织样本中观察到小胶质细胞结节，表明神经噬噬和神经元丢失。一些 SARS-CoV-2 蛋白，特别是 S 蛋白，对神经元具有致病性。COVID-19 患者脑脊液中的生化标记物--NfL（神经丝蛋白轻链）和 GFAp（胶质纤维酸性蛋白）表明轴突遭到破坏，星形胶质细胞受损。许多 COVID-19 患者会出现自身抗原抗体，包括一些中枢神经系统受体，并因免疫功能紊乱和分子模仿而引发脑炎。在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病患者中，冠状病毒感染会加重这些疾病的症状。本综述旨在总结分析急性冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）和COVID后综合征神经精神并发症免疫发病机制的文献资料。
{"title":"Pathogenesis of neuropsychic complications of new coronavirus infection","authors":"Nikolay A. Klimov, O. Shamova","doi":"10.17816/maj624867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj624867","url":null,"abstract":"Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is characterized by neurological and mental complications in a significant number of patients, which are based on disruption of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, penetration of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the brain, neuroinflammation and coagulopathy. Studies of the brains of patients who died during an acute period of the disease showed a presence of foci of perivascular inflammation containing macrophages and, in a small number, CD8+ T cells. Microglial cells, mast cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells are involved in the development of neuroinflammation. Microglial nodules were observed in brain tissue samples, indicating neurophagia and neuronal loss. Some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, in particular the S protein, have pathogenic properties towards neurons. Biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients — NfL (neurofilament light chain) and GFAp (glial fibrillary acidic protein) indicate axonal destruction and astrocyte damage. Many patients with COVID-19, develop autoantibodies to self-antigens, including some CNS receptors, and encephalitis due to immune dysfunction and molecular mimicry. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, coronavirus infection increases the symptoms of these diseases. The purpose of the review is summarizing the literary data for the analysis of immunopathogenesis of neuropsychic complications of acute coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and post-COVID syndrome.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"43 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rachina, I. Komarova, Nina M. Serebryakova, D. Mamchich, Alexandra A. Lyubivets, Anastasia R. Makhova, Egor A. Galkin, Nidzhat M. Yusuf, Angelina S. Mineeva, Alena A. Koval, Dzhennet A. Beibalaeva
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic remains an urgent medical and socio-economic problem. The symptoms, signs and complications of COVID-19 in the acute phase of the disease are now well known, while the long-term consequences of the disease continue to be studied. AIM: The aim of this study was to study the frequency, clinical manifestations of “prolonged” COVID-19 and post-covid syndrome in advanced and old ages people treated in a hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients aged over 75 years old diagnosed with COVID-19 who were treated in two multidisciplinary hospitals in Moscow in 2021–2022: 94 patients aged 75 to 94 years, including 75.5% of women. At the stage of inpatient treatment, patients were interviewed and medical records were analyzed with registration of demographic data, comorbidities, clinical symptoms and signs of the disease, laboratory markers, complications, and treatment outcome. After 1 and 12 months. after discharge, among the survivors, they were interviewed by telephone interview using a special questionnaire with registration of complaints, repeated hospitalizations and complications of COVID-19, assessment of their psycho-emotional state and identification of cognitive-behavioral disorders. RESULTS: In 70.2% of cases, the disease proceeded in a severe and extremely severe form. The majority of patients before COVID-19 had chronic diseases, most often arterial hypertension (85.9%), chronic heart failure (45.7%) and diabetes mellitus (27.2%). Hospital mortality was 22.6%. Poll after 1 month performed in 41/70 surviving patients (58.6%). Among the symptoms, the most common were fainting (41.5%), palpitations (36.6%), constipation (34.1%), the appearance or increase of shortness of breath (31.7%). Almost every day, 14.6%, 12.2% and 14.6% of the respondents experienced stress, anxiety and apathy. Difficulties in performing hygiene procedures, self-care, dressing were observed in 19.5, 12.2 and 12.2% of cases, respectively; 36.6% experienced severe problems when walking long distances. Poll after 12 months performed in 34/70 people (51.4%). Among the symptoms, the most frequently recorded were behavioral changes (32.4%), increased blood pressure (26.5%), problems with vision (26.5%) and hearing (23.5%). Psycho-emotional disorders were detected less frequently: 2 patients (5.9%) experienced daily stress, 1 respondent (2.9%) was worried about strong agitation and apathy. Difficulties in dressing, performing hygiene procedures, self-care were experienced by 32.4, 29.4 and 8.8% of patients; 20.6% experienced severe problems when walking long distances. CONCLUSIONS: The conducted study indicates a high prevalence of symptoms of “prolonged” COVID-19 and post-covid syndrome in elderly people and the duration of their persistence, which may limit their functional activity and negatively affect the quality of life.
{"title":"Long-term consequences of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients over 75 years old","authors":"S. Rachina, I. Komarova, Nina M. Serebryakova, D. Mamchich, Alexandra A. Lyubivets, Anastasia R. Makhova, Egor A. Galkin, Nidzhat M. Yusuf, Angelina S. Mineeva, Alena A. Koval, Dzhennet A. Beibalaeva","doi":"10.17816/maj516484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj516484","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic remains an urgent medical and socio-economic problem. The symptoms, signs and complications of COVID-19 in the acute phase of the disease are now well known, while the long-term consequences of the disease continue to be studied. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study was to study the frequency, clinical manifestations of “prolonged” COVID-19 and post-covid syndrome in advanced and old ages people treated in a hospital. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients aged over 75 years old diagnosed with COVID-19 who were treated in two multidisciplinary hospitals in Moscow in 2021–2022: 94 patients aged 75 to 94 years, including 75.5% of women. At the stage of inpatient treatment, patients were interviewed and medical records were analyzed with registration of demographic data, comorbidities, clinical symptoms and signs of the disease, laboratory markers, complications, and treatment outcome. After 1 and 12 months. after discharge, among the survivors, they were interviewed by telephone interview using a special questionnaire with registration of complaints, repeated hospitalizations and complications of COVID-19, assessment of their psycho-emotional state and identification of cognitive-behavioral disorders. \u0000RESULTS: In 70.2% of cases, the disease proceeded in a severe and extremely severe form. The majority of patients before COVID-19 had chronic diseases, most often arterial hypertension (85.9%), chronic heart failure (45.7%) and diabetes mellitus (27.2%). Hospital mortality was 22.6%. Poll after 1 month performed in 41/70 surviving patients (58.6%). Among the symptoms, the most common were fainting (41.5%), palpitations (36.6%), constipation (34.1%), the appearance or increase of shortness of breath (31.7%). Almost every day, 14.6%, 12.2% and 14.6% of the respondents experienced stress, anxiety and apathy. Difficulties in performing hygiene procedures, self-care, dressing were observed in 19.5, 12.2 and 12.2% of cases, respectively; 36.6% experienced severe problems when walking long distances. Poll after 12 months performed in 34/70 people (51.4%). Among the symptoms, the most frequently recorded were behavioral changes (32.4%), increased blood pressure (26.5%), problems with vision (26.5%) and hearing (23.5%). Psycho-emotional disorders were detected less frequently: 2 patients (5.9%) experienced daily stress, 1 respondent (2.9%) was worried about strong agitation and apathy. Difficulties in dressing, performing hygiene procedures, self-care were experienced by 32.4, 29.4 and 8.8% of patients; 20.6% experienced severe problems when walking long distances. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The conducted study indicates a high prevalence of symptoms of “prolonged” COVID-19 and post-covid syndrome in elderly people and the duration of their persistence, which may limit their functional activity and negatively affect the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Muslov, Yuri A. Vasyuk, Alla I. Zavialova, E. Shupenina, P. Sukhochev, Layla Z. Guchukova
BACKGROUND: The study of mechanical properties of biological tissues is extremely informative and is one of the most important areas of biomechanics. Knowledge of these aspects of biological objects based on experimental data can become a source of new medical and technical solutions for the reconstruction of organs and the development of replacement materials. AIM: Passive mechanical properties of isolated myocardium are compared with linear, bilinear, exponential and the most common hyperelastic models (neohookean, Mooney–Rivlin, Ogden, Yeoh, polynomial and Veronda–Westmann). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature data on mechanical tests of autopsy material obtained from mongrel dogs were used as initial data. To search for the most advanced calculation algorithms the computer algebra system was used, the Mathcad 15.0 software package and the multifunctional finite element analysis application ANSYS 2022 R2 were used. Direct comparison of models was made based on mathematical statistics. RESULTS: Among the first group of models, the results closest to the experimental data were demonstrated by the exponential model R = 0.9958/0.9984 (in the longitudinal/transverse direction with respect to the myocardial fibers), the lowest accuracy was demonstrated by the linear model R = 0.9813/0.9803. Young’s moduli of linear, bilinear and exponential models and material constants of hyperelastic models are determined. The coefficient of elastic anisotropy of the myocardium, defined as the ratio of the elastic moduli of the linear model measured along and across the direction of the fibers, is equal to 2.18, which is very different from the literature data for the myocardium of the human heart. Deformation along the fibers of the heart muscle is more energy-consuming in the direction along the fibers than in the transverse direction (3.81 and 2.52 mJ/cm3). The most accurate hyperelastic models turned out to be the 2nd order polynomial model R = 0.9971 and the 3rd order Yeoh model R = 0.997. The largest deviations and the lowest correlation coefficient between the experimental and model data were demonstrated by the simple neohookean model R = 0.974 with a single parameter μ. The numerical values of the parameters of hyperelastic models obtained by calculation methods used practically did not differ from each other (≤2.16%). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the importance of selecting the correct mechanical model for isolated myocardium. The data obtained can be useful in virtual interventions (simulations) for predicting outcomes and supporting clinical decisions, developing replacement materials and structures made of them for reconstructive operations on heart structures.
背景：对生物组织机械特性的研究信息量极大，是生物力学最重要的领域之一。基于实验数据对生物物体这些方面的了解，可以为器官的重建和替代材料的开发提供新的医疗和技术解决方案。目的：将离体心肌的被动机械特性与线性、双线性、指数和最常见的超弹性模型（新胡肯模型、穆尼-里夫林模型、奥格登模型、杨模型、多项式模型和维龙达-韋斯特曼模型）进行比较。材料与方法：从杂种狗身上获取的尸检材料力学测试文献数据被用作初始数据。为了寻找最先进的计算算法，使用了计算机代数系统、Mathcad 15.0 软件包和多功能有限元分析应用程序 ANSYS 2022 R2。根据数学统计对模型进行了直接比较。结果：在第一组模型中，指数模型 R = 0.9958/0.9984（相对于心肌纤维的纵向/横向）的结果最接近实验数据，线性模型 R = 0.9813/0.9803 的精确度最低。确定了线性、双线性和指数模型的杨氏模量以及超弹性模型的材料常数。心肌的弹性各向异性系数（定义为沿纤维方向和跨纤维方向测量的线性模型弹性模量之比）等于 2.18，这与文献中关于人体心肌的数据大相径庭。心肌纤维沿纤维方向的变形比横向变形更耗能（3.81 和 2.52 毫焦/立方厘米）。最精确的超弹性模型是二阶多项式模型 R = 0.9971 和三阶 Yeoh 模型 R = 0.997。实验数据与模型数据之间的偏差最大、相关系数最低的是单参数 μ 的简单新霍肯模型 R = 0.974。用计算方法得到的超弹性模型参数数值实际上没有差异（≤2.16%）。结论：该研究证明了为离体心肌选择正确机械模型的重要性。获得的数据可用于虚拟干预（模拟），以预测结果和支持临床决策，开发替代材料及其结构，用于心脏结构的重建手术。
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of biomechanical elastic and hyperelastic properties of the myocardium","authors":"S. Muslov, Yuri A. Vasyuk, Alla I. Zavialova, E. Shupenina, P. Sukhochev, Layla Z. Guchukova","doi":"10.17816/maj624108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj624108","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The study of mechanical properties of biological tissues is extremely informative and is one of the most important areas of biomechanics. Knowledge of these aspects of biological objects based on experimental data can become a source of new medical and technical solutions for the reconstruction of organs and the development of replacement materials. \u0000AIM: Passive mechanical properties of isolated myocardium are compared with linear, bilinear, exponential and the most common hyperelastic models (neohookean, Mooney–Rivlin, Ogden, Yeoh, polynomial and Veronda–Westmann). \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature data on mechanical tests of autopsy material obtained from mongrel dogs were used as initial data. To search for the most advanced calculation algorithms the computer algebra system was used, the Mathcad 15.0 software package and the multifunctional finite element analysis application ANSYS 2022 R2 were used. Direct comparison of models was made based on mathematical statistics. \u0000RESULTS: Among the first group of models, the results closest to the experimental data were demonstrated by the exponential model R = 0.9958/0.9984 (in the longitudinal/transverse direction with respect to the myocardial fibers), the lowest accuracy was demonstrated by the linear model R = 0.9813/0.9803. Young’s moduli of linear, bilinear and exponential models and material constants of hyperelastic models are determined. The coefficient of elastic anisotropy of the myocardium, defined as the ratio of the elastic moduli of the linear model measured along and across the direction of the fibers, is equal to 2.18, which is very different from the literature data for the myocardium of the human heart. Deformation along the fibers of the heart muscle is more energy-consuming in the direction along the fibers than in the transverse direction (3.81 and 2.52 mJ/cm3). The most accurate hyperelastic models turned out to be the 2nd order polynomial model R = 0.9971 and the 3rd order Yeoh model R = 0.997. The largest deviations and the lowest correlation coefficient between the experimental and model data were demonstrated by the simple neohookean model R = 0.974 with a single parameter μ. The numerical values of the parameters of hyperelastic models obtained by calculation methods used practically did not differ from each other (≤2.16%). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the importance of selecting the correct mechanical model for isolated myocardium. The data obtained can be useful in virtual interventions (simulations) for predicting outcomes and supporting clinical decisions, developing replacement materials and structures made of them for reconstructive operations on heart structures.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"52 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is devoted to two well known scientists V.A. Engelhardt and V.S. Ilyin, who were at the head of department of biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, one from 1944 to 1952, the other from 1952 to 1976. Presented are their most famous investigations, which enriched Russian and the world science. Both had to work in very hard period for our country and science, both being a model of high moral and so they wun victory.
{"title":"V.A. engelhardt and V.S. Ilyin: their role in the development of biochemical science in the second half of the XX century","authors":"Nina S. Parfenova, Tatiana V. Gupalova","doi":"10.17816/maj622950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj622950","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to two well known scientists V.A. Engelhardt and V.S. Ilyin, who were at the head of department of biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, one from 1944 to 1952, the other from 1952 to 1976. Presented are their most famous investigations, which enriched Russian and the world science. Both had to work in very hard period for our country and science, both being a model of high moral and so they wun victory.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"21 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eugene L. Patkin, Ekaterina M. Noniashvili, Pavel A. Dyban
The article is devoted to the creative path of the famous scientist, honorary doctor of the Institute of Experimental Medicine Professor Andrey P. Dyban.
文章专门介绍了著名科学家、实验医学研究所名誉博士安德烈-P-迪班教授的创作之路。
{"title":"Honorary doctor of the institute of experimental medicine professor Andrey Pavlovich Dyban (18.04.1922–04.02.2013)","authors":"Eugene L. Patkin, Ekaterina M. Noniashvili, Pavel A. Dyban","doi":"10.17816/maj569356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj569356","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the creative path of the famous scientist, honorary doctor of the Institute of Experimental Medicine Professor Andrey P. Dyban.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"41 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuliya A. Desheva, T.N. Shvedova, Polina A. Kudar, Daria S. Petrachkova, Anna A. Lerner
BACKGROUND: Serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, when measured early after disease onset, may add value to the diagnosis of COVID-19. AIM: To examine the levels of serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and laboratory blood parameters in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of varying severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we examined laboratory markers of inflammation in patients with acute COVID-19 during the 1st week of hospitalization. The levels of serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were studied using commercial test systems. RESULTS: In 47% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, during the first week of hospital stay, IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected, both in the case of a positive and negative PCR test. An average positive cor- relation of detected IgM and IgG with antibodies to the receptor-binding site of the S-protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is shown. In total, IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were most often detected in patients with a favorable course of the disease. Laboratory parameters in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 were characterized by asignificant increase in the level of serum C-reactive protein, an increase in the neutrophil-leukocyte ratio and fibrinogen level, in comparison with data from patients with a mild course of the disease. In mild cases of infection, a moderately negative correlation was revealed between the levels of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and NLR. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages of hospitalization may be a predictor of a favorable outcome of the disease and serve as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of COVID-19 along with PCR analysis.
{"title":"Immune response and laboratory markers in the spectrum of severity of COVID-19","authors":"Yuliya A. Desheva, T.N. Shvedova, Polina A. Kudar, Daria S. Petrachkova, Anna A. Lerner","doi":"10.17816/maj624886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj624886","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, when measured early after disease onset, may add value to the diagnosis of COVID-19. \u0000AIM: To examine the levels of serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and laboratory blood parameters in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of varying severity. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we examined laboratory markers of inflammation in patients with acute COVID-19 during the 1st week of hospitalization. The levels of serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were studied using commercial test systems. \u0000RESULTS: In 47% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, during the first week of hospital stay, IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected, both in the case of a positive and negative PCR test. An average positive cor- relation of detected IgM and IgG with antibodies to the receptor-binding site of the S-protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is shown. In total, IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were most often detected in patients with a favorable course of the disease. Laboratory parameters in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 were characterized by asignificant increase in the level of serum C-reactive protein, an increase in the neutrophil-leukocyte ratio and fibrinogen level, in comparison with data from patients with a mild course of the disease. In mild cases of infection, a moderately negative correlation was revealed between the levels of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and NLR. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages of hospitalization may be a predictor of a favorable outcome of the disease and serve as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of COVID-19 along with PCR analysis.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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