M. A. Petrovskaya, Margarita B. Petrova, Elena V. Andrianova, Elena N. Egorova
BACKGROUND: It was found that new derivatives of acexamic acid — N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate of silver and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate stimulate regeneration and mineralization of bone tissues in osteoporosis. However, to date, the effect of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate on the features of reparative histogenesis and the relationship of its stages with the levels of growth factors in regenerating tissues during skin restoration after thermal burn has not been studied. AIM: To estimate the morphology dynamics of skin burn healing and its relationship with the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor growth factors in rat regenerating tissues to characterize the reparative properties of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 63 nonlinear rats were used to establish thermal burn wound model according to standard methodics. Burn wounds of the experimental group animals were treated with 2% ointment of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate daily, control group 1 — the burns were not treated, control group 2 — ointment base was applied daily. Morphological examinations of regenerating tissues from the burn area were carried out on days 7, 14 and 21 of the experiment after standard sample preparation. The concentrations of growth factors in homogenates of regenerating tissues were determined by Enzyme Immunoassay. RESULTS: The inflammation phase is characterized by vascular endothelial growth factor active production and release from cells and morphologically accompanied by early neovasculogenesis in granulation tissue and significant differences in its thickness in rats of the experimental group. During the proliferation phase, activation of fibroblast reproduction and differentiation was associated with an increase in basic fibroblast growth factor levels and the maintenance of elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels in all groups, especially high in experimental group rats. The epithelialization phase was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the content of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in regenerating skin tissues by 1.9 and 1.8 times, respectively, in comparison with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained experimental data indicate 2% ointment with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate has a reparative potential, as evidenced by the accelerated reduction both the area of burn defects and the average time for their healing in the experimental group compared to the control groups.
{"title":"Morphological peculiarities of regeneration phases and dynamics of growth factor levels at using 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium n-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate for rat skin burns repairation","authors":"M. A. Petrovskaya, Margarita B. Petrova, Elena V. Andrianova, Elena N. Egorova","doi":"10.17816/maj606647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj606647","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: It was found that new derivatives of acexamic acid — N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate of silver and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate stimulate regeneration and mineralization of bone tissues in osteoporosis. However, to date, the effect of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate on the features of reparative histogenesis and the relationship of its stages with the levels of growth factors in regenerating tissues during skin restoration after thermal burn has not been studied. \u0000AIM: To estimate the morphology dynamics of skin burn healing and its relationship with the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor growth factors in rat regenerating tissues to characterize the reparative properties of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: 63 nonlinear rats were used to establish thermal burn wound model according to standard methodics. Burn wounds of the experimental group animals were treated with 2% ointment of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate daily, control group 1 — the burns were not treated, control group 2 — ointment base was applied daily. Morphological examinations of regenerating tissues from the burn area were carried out on days 7, 14 and 21 of the experiment after standard sample preparation. The concentrations of growth factors in homogenates of regenerating tissues were determined by Enzyme Immunoassay. \u0000RESULTS: The inflammation phase is characterized by vascular endothelial growth factor active production and release from cells and morphologically accompanied by early neovasculogenesis in granulation tissue and significant differences in its thickness in rats of the experimental group. During the proliferation phase, activation of fibroblast reproduction and differentiation was associated with an increase in basic fibroblast growth factor levels and the maintenance of elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels in all groups, especially high in experimental group rats. The epithelialization phase was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the content of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in regenerating skin tissues by 1.9 and 1.8 times, respectively, in comparison with the control groups. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The obtained experimental data indicate 2% ointment with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate has a reparative potential, as evidenced by the accelerated reduction both the area of burn defects and the average time for their healing in the experimental group compared to the control groups.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"61 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evgenia A. Tsymbalova, E. А. Chernyavskaya, Darja Е. Ryzhkova, Gennady N. Bisaga, Irina N. Abdurasulova, V. I. Lioudyno
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of foci of inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. The initiation of pathological processes in multiple sclerosis is caused by a complex interaction of genetic factors, unfavorable environmental factors and epigenetic influences. Progressive neurological symptoms caused by axonal conduction disorders, axonal death and neurodestruction lead to a significant decreased patients’ quality of life and disability. The search for a new markers to improve diagnostic and therapeutic methods, including taking into account the genetic background and epigenetic interactions, is an urgent task. AIM: The work was aimed to study the changes in DNMT1 mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis patients with different disease duration, to analyze methylation of DNMT1 promoter, and compare the changes in the level of DNMT1 expression with the homocysteine content in the blood, and the presence of polymorphic variants in genes coding the key folate cycle enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The level of DNMT1 mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells was assessed by reversed transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction followed by methyl-sensitive analysis of high-resolution melting curves was used to analyze methylation of the DNMT1 promoter. The content of homocysteine in the blood was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping by polymorphism of folate cycle genes; the fluorescent probes with the LNA modifications were used to discriminate alleles. RESULTS: It has been shown that in multiple sclerosis patients, including those at the onset of the disease, the level of DNMT1 mRNA expression is significantly lower than in the control group. No relationship was found between the decrease in DNMT1 expression and the level of promoter methylation. Strong positive relationship between the level of DNMT1 mRNA expression and homocysteine content in patients with multiple sclerosis and the combined effects of the genotypes of MTR A2756G and MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the expression of DNMT1 have been shown. These findings suggest that genetically determined features of folate metabolism may contribute to the disruption of epigenetic regulation in multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results indicate the promise of research aimed to identifying the factors causing epigenetic changes in multiple sclerosis. Studying the mechanisms of the folate cycle genes polymorphic variants contribution to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis could be one of the possible ways to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
{"title":"Changes in DNMT1 expression as a marker of epigenetic regulation disturbanses in multiple sclerosis patients","authors":"Evgenia A. Tsymbalova, E. А. Chernyavskaya, Darja Е. Ryzhkova, Gennady N. Bisaga, Irina N. Abdurasulova, V. I. Lioudyno","doi":"10.17816/maj623679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj623679","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of foci of inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. The initiation of pathological processes in multiple sclerosis is caused by a complex interaction of genetic factors, unfavorable environmental factors and epigenetic influences. Progressive neurological symptoms caused by axonal conduction disorders, axonal death and neurodestruction lead to a significant decreased patients’ quality of life and disability. The search for a new markers to improve diagnostic and therapeutic methods, including taking into account the genetic background and epigenetic interactions, is an urgent task. \u0000AIM: The work was aimed to study the changes in DNMT1 mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis patients with different disease duration, to analyze methylation of DNMT1 promoter, and compare the changes in the level of DNMT1 expression with the homocysteine content in the blood, and the presence of polymorphic variants in genes coding the key folate cycle enzymes. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The level of DNMT1 mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells was assessed by reversed transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction followed by methyl-sensitive analysis of high-resolution melting curves was used to analyze methylation of the DNMT1 promoter. The content of homocysteine in the blood was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping by polymorphism of folate cycle genes; the fluorescent probes with the LNA modifications were used to discriminate alleles. \u0000RESULTS: It has been shown that in multiple sclerosis patients, including those at the onset of the disease, the level of DNMT1 mRNA expression is significantly lower than in the control group. No relationship was found between the decrease in DNMT1 expression and the level of promoter methylation. Strong positive relationship between the level of DNMT1 mRNA expression and homocysteine content in patients with multiple sclerosis and the combined effects of the genotypes of MTR A2756G and MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the expression of DNMT1 have been shown. These findings suggest that genetically determined features of folate metabolism may contribute to the disruption of epigenetic regulation in multiple sclerosis. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results indicate the promise of research aimed to identifying the factors causing epigenetic changes in multiple sclerosis. Studying the mechanisms of the folate cycle genes polymorphic variants contribution to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis could be one of the possible ways to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"85 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been established that the cause of biological death of fetuses in stillbirths and the cause of neonatal encephalopathies in live births is hypoxic brain cell damage in fetuses. Timely cesarean section remains the most effective way to preserve fetal life and health in the face of lethal intrauterine hypoxia. However, there is no universally recognized methodology for assessing fetal adaptation reserves to hypoxia and no methodology for selecting the type of delivery in order to perform a timely cesarean section if necessary. The Apgar score, which has been used since 1952, allows assessment of neonatal health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, but this assessment is made without taking into account the health of the fetus before delivery. In recent years, it has been established that the outcome of fetal hypoxia is determined not only by its duration, but also by the amount of adaptive reserves available in the fetus to hypoxia. It was found that the duration of fetal immobility during apnea of a pregnant woman is an indicator of fetal resistance to hypoxia. In 2011, a method of assessing fetal resistance to intrauterine hypoxia based on the Stange test was developed in Russia. It has been found that the maximum duration of fetal immobility during maternal apnea is normally more than 30 seconds, while in the presence of fetal signs of fetoplacental insufficiency it does not reach 30 seconds, and in the presence of signs of severe fetoplacental insufficiency it does not reach 10 seconds. Therefore, it was proposed to consider good fetal resistance to hypoxia as an indication for vaginal delivery, and poor fetal resistance to hypoxia as an indication for cesarean section. A technique for assessing fetal resistance to hypoxia is described that has been developed for independent use by every pregnant woman. It is shown that it is sufficient for her to have a stopwatch and to be able to record the maximum period of fetal immobility during voluntary apnea. It is hoped that a measure of fetal resistance to hypoxia could be a meaningful complement to the Apgar score of neonatal health. It is envisioned that the use of a modified Stange test could help physicians prevent stillbirths and neonatal encephalopathies.
{"title":"Assessment of fetal resistance to hypoxia using the Stange test as an adjunct to Apgar scale assessment of neonatal health status","authors":"Petr D. Shabanov, Alexander L. Urakov, N. Urakova","doi":"10.17816/maj568979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj568979","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that the cause of biological death of fetuses in stillbirths and the cause of neonatal encephalopathies in live births is hypoxic brain cell damage in fetuses. Timely cesarean section remains the most effective way to preserve fetal life and health in the face of lethal intrauterine hypoxia. However, there is no universally recognized methodology for assessing fetal adaptation reserves to hypoxia and no methodology for selecting the type of delivery in order to perform a timely cesarean section if necessary. The Apgar score, which has been used since 1952, allows assessment of neonatal health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, but this assessment is made without taking into account the health of the fetus before delivery. In recent years, it has been established that the outcome of fetal hypoxia is determined not only by its duration, but also by the amount of adaptive reserves available in the fetus to hypoxia. It was found that the duration of fetal immobility during apnea of a pregnant woman is an indicator of fetal resistance to hypoxia. In 2011, a method of assessing fetal resistance to intrauterine hypoxia based on the Stange test was developed in Russia. It has been found that the maximum duration of fetal immobility during maternal apnea is normally more than 30 seconds, while in the presence of fetal signs of fetoplacental insufficiency it does not reach 30 seconds, and in the presence of signs of severe fetoplacental insufficiency it does not reach 10 seconds. Therefore, it was proposed to consider good fetal resistance to hypoxia as an indication for vaginal delivery, and poor fetal resistance to hypoxia as an indication for cesarean section. A technique for assessing fetal resistance to hypoxia is described that has been developed for independent use by every pregnant woman. It is shown that it is sufficient for her to have a stopwatch and to be able to record the maximum period of fetal immobility during voluntary apnea. It is hoped that a measure of fetal resistance to hypoxia could be a meaningful complement to the Apgar score of neonatal health. It is envisioned that the use of a modified Stange test could help physicians prevent stillbirths and neonatal encephalopathies.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connexins is the family of proteins which in vertebrates form gap junctions – intercellular contacts allowing the passage of small molecules between cells. Connexin-43 is the most abundant member of connexin family in human. Its cellular functions are diverse, and its localization in the human body is the most wide across all connexins. Most intensive research is devoted to the investigation of соnnexin-43 role in intercellular communication and its functional features in the vital organs — heart and brain. Due to high abundance in different tissues, at the moment there is the large amount of various experimental data, which are hard to assemble into global picture. This work aims to present generalized information about the distribution and functions of соnnexin-43 in various tissues and further prospects for studying this protein using the currently available literature data.
{"title":"Gap junction protein connexin-43 and its distribution in different tissues","authors":"Mikhail S. Filippov, D. Korzhevskii","doi":"10.17816/maj492313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj492313","url":null,"abstract":"Connexins is the family of proteins which in vertebrates form gap junctions – intercellular contacts allowing the passage of small molecules between cells. Connexin-43 is the most abundant member of connexin family in human. Its cellular functions are diverse, and its localization in the human body is the most wide across all connexins. Most intensive research is devoted to the investigation of соnnexin-43 role in intercellular communication and its functional features in the vital organs — heart and brain. Due to high abundance in different tissues, at the moment there is the large amount of various experimental data, which are hard to assemble into global picture. This work aims to present generalized information about the distribution and functions of соnnexin-43 in various tissues and further prospects for studying this protein using the currently available literature data.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Ignatenko, Natalia A. Reznichenko, Pavel N. Fedulichev, E. Maylyan, Z. F. Kharaeva
BACKGROUND: To date in the Russian Federation insufficient attention has been paid to the study of IL6 and COL1A1 gene polymorphisms role in the development of knee osteoarthritis. And the results of the single carried out to date studies, devoted to the research of polymorphic variants of the above genes influence on the osteoarthritis development, are insufficient for substantiated conclusions. AIM: To study the frequency of alleles and genotypes of the IL6 gene rs1800795 polymorphism and COL1A1 gene rs1107946 and rs1800012 polymorphisms in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of 157 postmenopausal women survey with knee osteoarthritis were selected and analyzed. The control group consisted of 326 women of the same age without signs of joint disease. The study of polymorphisms rs1800795, rs1107946 and rs1800012 was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The conducted studies showed that in the general group of examined women the frequency of all three studied polymorphisms genotypes registration corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg law. An uneven (p = 0.043) distribution of rs1800795 polymorphism genotypes was found in the group of women with osteoarthritis and in the control group in the study of the IL6 gene polymorphic variants frequency detection. This difference was due to more frequent GG genotype registration of the above polymorphism (odds ratio = 1.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–2.72; p = 0.021) among women with knee osteoarthritis. Associations of rs1107946 and rs1800012 COL1A1 gene polymorphisms were not found (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An association between GG genotype of the IL6 gene rs1800795 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women has been established. Genotypes and alleles of COL1A1 gene rs1107946 and rs1800012 polymorphisms were not associated with joint disease.
{"title":"Polymorphisms of genes of interleukin-6 and alpha-1 chain of collagen type 1 in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis","authors":"G. Ignatenko, Natalia A. Reznichenko, Pavel N. Fedulichev, E. Maylyan, Z. F. Kharaeva","doi":"10.17816/maj375358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj375358","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: To date in the Russian Federation insufficient attention has been paid to the study of IL6 and COL1A1 gene polymorphisms role in the development of knee osteoarthritis. And the results of the single carried out to date studies, devoted to the research of polymorphic variants of the above genes influence on the osteoarthritis development, are insufficient for substantiated conclusions. \u0000AIM: To study the frequency of alleles and genotypes of the IL6 gene rs1800795 polymorphism and COL1A1 gene rs1107946 and rs1800012 polymorphisms in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of 157 postmenopausal women survey with knee osteoarthritis were selected and analyzed. The control group consisted of 326 women of the same age without signs of joint disease. The study of polymorphisms rs1800795, rs1107946 and rs1800012 was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. \u0000RESULTS: The conducted studies showed that in the general group of examined women the frequency of all three studied polymorphisms genotypes registration corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg law. An uneven (p = 0.043) distribution of rs1800795 polymorphism genotypes was found in the group of women with osteoarthritis and in the control group in the study of the IL6 gene polymorphic variants frequency detection. This difference was due to more frequent GG genotype registration of the above polymorphism (odds ratio = 1.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–2.72; p = 0.021) among women with knee osteoarthritis. Associations of rs1107946 and rs1800012 COL1A1 gene polymorphisms were not found (p 0.05). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: An association between GG genotype of the IL6 gene rs1800795 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women has been established. Genotypes and alleles of COL1A1 gene rs1107946 and rs1800012 polymorphisms were not associated with joint disease.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"53 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daulet D. Izbulatov, Natalia V. Varlamova, Vladimir E. Mikhailov, I. Markin, Artur L. Erdniev, Petr K. Potapov, Yurii A. Utkin
The creation and implementation of new methods and means of local treatment of wounds occurs in stages, however, a number of difficulties arise at each stage. The article discusses one of the main problems that arise at the preclinical stage when modeling deep defects of the skin and articular cartilage – the difficulty of accurately reproducing full-layer defects of the skin and articular tissue. Various factors influencing the success of such modeling also investigated, including the type of animal, the size of the defect and its location.
{"title":"Analysis of methods for modeling deep defects of the skin and articular cartilage on laboratory animals in the experiment","authors":"Daulet D. Izbulatov, Natalia V. Varlamova, Vladimir E. Mikhailov, I. Markin, Artur L. Erdniev, Petr K. Potapov, Yurii A. Utkin","doi":"10.17816/maj516569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj516569","url":null,"abstract":"The creation and implementation of new methods and means of local treatment of wounds occurs in stages, however, a number of difficulties arise at each stage. The article discusses one of the main problems that arise at the preclinical stage when modeling deep defects of the skin and articular cartilage – the difficulty of accurately reproducing full-layer defects of the skin and articular tissue. Various factors influencing the success of such modeling also investigated, including the type of animal, the size of the defect and its location.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kandelinskaya, H. Grischenko, D. Grigorieva, I. Gorudko, Dmitriy V. Goreckiy, E. V. Dashkevich, Janna V. Peshnyak, Natallia A. Bukhvald, Oleg M. Maslovsky, Irina P. Sysoi, Yury H. Hihiniak, Egor V. Korzun, Valeria A. Kostevich, Mikhail P. Andreev, Lyubov E. Kurbatova
BACKGROUND: The modern market of medical devices in Belarus and Russia is represented by a wide range of hemostatic agents, of which the most popular are local hemostatics of plant origin possessing the significant technological potential for renewal and improvement. A promising reserve for this may be biologically active compounds of mosses, which are characterized by anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects. However, their hemostatic effect is almost not studied, which determines the relevance of this work. AIM: The aim of this work is to study the effect of lectin-containing substances from mosses of three species collected in East Antarctica and Belarus on the parameters of human blood hemostasis in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied mosses of the genera Bryum, Ceratodon, and Coscinodon, collected in the area of the Belarusian Antarctic station Gora Vechernyaya in East Antarctica and in Belarus. Lectin-containing substances of mosses were obtained by extracting shoots in 0.05 M tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), centrifugation, filtration. The assessment of the biological activity of lectin-containing substances in mosses was carried out by the agglutination reaction of rabbit erythrocytes, as well as the effect on human platelet aggregation and in the test for activated partial thromboplastin time. RESULTS: It was established that lectin-containing substances of the studied moss species had agglutinating activity against erythrocytes in the range from 11708.28 (Belarusian samples) to 1333979.59 U/mg of protein (Antarctic samples) depending on the species and localization; initiated the aggregation of human platelets (25–80% of the effect of thrombin) regardless of blood group, Rh and gender of donors; influenced the plasma link of hemostasis, reducing activated partial thromboplastin time (by 15–18%). CONCLUSIONS: It was found that some species of mosses of the genera Bryum, Ceratodon and Coscinodon of Antarctica and Belarus had an agglutinating and hemostatic effect on erythrocytes and platelets, with the greatest activity noted for Antarctic species. A hypothesis has been put forward that the observed phenomenon is due to the structural features of proteins, including lectins. It is assumed that lectins are possible inducers of erythrocyte agglutination and platelet aggregation in mosses. It is shown that the moss species Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Ceratodon purpureus have a certain resource potential in Belarus for their annual harvest. The results obtained expand the list of moss species with hemostatic activity, and can be used to develop new hemostatics of plant origin for local use from Belarusian plant materials.
{"title":"Hemostatic activity in vitro of lectin-containing substances of bryathypes on the example of some Antarctic and Belarus representatives","authors":"O. Kandelinskaya, H. Grischenko, D. Grigorieva, I. Gorudko, Dmitriy V. Goreckiy, E. V. Dashkevich, Janna V. Peshnyak, Natallia A. Bukhvald, Oleg M. Maslovsky, Irina P. Sysoi, Yury H. Hihiniak, Egor V. Korzun, Valeria A. Kostevich, Mikhail P. Andreev, Lyubov E. Kurbatova","doi":"10.17816/maj568187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj568187","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The modern market of medical devices in Belarus and Russia is represented by a wide range of hemostatic agents, of which the most popular are local hemostatics of plant origin possessing the significant technological potential for renewal and improvement. A promising reserve for this may be biologically active compounds of mosses, which are characterized by anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects. However, their hemostatic effect is almost not studied, which determines the relevance of this work. \u0000AIM: The aim of this work is to study the effect of lectin-containing substances from mosses of three species collected in East Antarctica and Belarus on the parameters of human blood hemostasis in vitro. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied mosses of the genera Bryum, Ceratodon, and Coscinodon, collected in the area of the Belarusian Antarctic station Gora Vechernyaya in East Antarctica and in Belarus. Lectin-containing substances of mosses were obtained by extracting shoots in 0.05 M tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), centrifugation, filtration. The assessment of the biological activity of lectin-containing substances in mosses was carried out by the agglutination reaction of rabbit erythrocytes, as well as the effect on human platelet aggregation and in the test for activated partial thromboplastin time. \u0000RESULTS: It was established that lectin-containing substances of the studied moss species had agglutinating activity against erythrocytes in the range from 11708.28 (Belarusian samples) to 1333979.59 U/mg of protein (Antarctic samples) depending on the species and localization; initiated the aggregation of human platelets (25–80% of the effect of thrombin) regardless of blood group, Rh and gender of donors; influenced the plasma link of hemostasis, reducing activated partial thromboplastin time (by 15–18%). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: It was found that some species of mosses of the genera Bryum, Ceratodon and Coscinodon of Antarctica and Belarus had an agglutinating and hemostatic effect on erythrocytes and platelets, with the greatest activity noted for Antarctic species. A hypothesis has been put forward that the observed phenomenon is due to the structural features of proteins, including lectins. It is assumed that lectins are possible inducers of erythrocyte agglutination and platelet aggregation in mosses. It is shown that the moss species Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Ceratodon purpureus have a certain resource potential in Belarus for their annual harvest. The results obtained expand the list of moss species with hemostatic activity, and can be used to develop new hemostatics of plant origin for local use from Belarusian plant materials.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Klotchenko, E. Romanovskaya-Romanko, Veronika A. Oleynik, Marya A. Egorova, Varvara S. Monakhova, Evgeny V. Venev, M. Plotnikova
BACKGROUND: The innate immune response, particularly the interferon system, plays a crucial role in defending the host against viral pathogens. Interferon signaling induces the expression of specific antiviral proteins known as interferon-stimulated genes, which inhibit viral replication through various mechanisms. AIM: This study aimed to develop a quantitative PCR system to assess the molecular regulation of human interferon-stimulated genes MxA, OAS1, and PKR, and to determine their expression in blood leukocytes in response to RNA-containing viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leukocytes were isolated from patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza and COVID-19 infections 3–4 days after symptom onset. Ex vivo viral infection was induced using influenza viruses A/California/07/09pdm (H1N1pdm09), B/Malaysia/2506/04 (Vic), strain A2 respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2 HCoV-19/Russia/SPE-RII-3524V/2020. RESULTS: A multiplex qPCR assay was developed for analyzing human MxA, OAS1, and PKR gene expression, with high amplification efficiency. The test system was used to study the molecular regulation of these genes in leukocytes in influenza and COVID-19 patients. The expression levels of MxA, OAS1, and PKR genes were significantly increased in blood leukocytes of hospitalized patients 3–4 days after symptom onset. Stimulation of leukocytes by influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial virus led to increased mRNA levels of these genes, while stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 did not result in changes in gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: The multiplex test system can be used to characterize the expression of antiviral effector interferon-stimulated genes, aiding in the study of virus evasion from the innate immune response.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of MxA, OAS1, PKR gene expression levels in leukocytes of patients with influenza and coronavirus infection","authors":"S. Klotchenko, E. Romanovskaya-Romanko, Veronika A. Oleynik, Marya A. Egorova, Varvara S. Monakhova, Evgeny V. Venev, M. Plotnikova","doi":"10.17816/maj623374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj623374","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The innate immune response, particularly the interferon system, plays a crucial role in defending the host against viral pathogens. Interferon signaling induces the expression of specific antiviral proteins known as interferon-stimulated genes, which inhibit viral replication through various mechanisms. \u0000AIM: This study aimed to develop a quantitative PCR system to assess the molecular regulation of human interferon-stimulated genes MxA, OAS1, and PKR, and to determine their expression in blood leukocytes in response to RNA-containing viruses. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leukocytes were isolated from patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza and COVID-19 infections 3–4 days after symptom onset. Ex vivo viral infection was induced using influenza viruses A/California/07/09pdm (H1N1pdm09), B/Malaysia/2506/04 (Vic), strain A2 respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2 HCoV-19/Russia/SPE-RII-3524V/2020. \u0000RESULTS: A multiplex qPCR assay was developed for analyzing human MxA, OAS1, and PKR gene expression, with high amplification efficiency. The test system was used to study the molecular regulation of these genes in leukocytes in influenza and COVID-19 patients. The expression levels of MxA, OAS1, and PKR genes were significantly increased in blood leukocytes of hospitalized patients 3–4 days after symptom onset. Stimulation of leukocytes by influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial virus led to increased mRNA levels of these genes, while stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 did not result in changes in gene expression. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The multiplex test system can be used to characterize the expression of antiviral effector interferon-stimulated genes, aiding in the study of virus evasion from the innate immune response.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"22 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anatoly D. Lisovsky, Andrey V. Droblenkov, P. S. Bobkov, A. A. Bairamov
BACKGROUND: This study is devoted to the morphological substantiation of the model of male hypogonadism and to establishing the effectiveness of its replacement therapy at the level of the central link of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis using morphological methods. Information about reactive changes in neuroendocrine cells that synthesize the peptide kisspeptin, which regulates the production of gonadoliberin when modeling male and female hypogonadism, has not been described in the literature, which prevents the creation of a micro-morphological basis for the development of models of hypogonadism and the implementation of further preclinical studies of the effectiveness of its replacement therapy. The goal is to carry out a morphological analysis of kisspeptin-producing neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus in normal conditions, with experimental hypogonadism and after replacement therapy. AIM: To carry out a morphological analysis of kisspeptin-producing neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus in normal conditions, with experimental hypogonadism and after replacement therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objects of the study were 3 groups of adult male Wistar rats 6–8 months of age. In animals of the first and second groups, after anesthesia, total ischemia of both testicles was caused by ligating the left and right spermatic cord with the vascular bundle of the testicle for 60 minutes. Rats of the second group, a few minutes after restoration of testicular blood flow, were given replacement therapy by daily administration of a synthetic analogue of kisspeptin KS6 for 7 days. Control animals of the third group were subjected to sham surgery. After 10 days, all animals were sacrificed, their brains were removed and embedded in paraffin. Nissl-stained frontal histological sections of the most massive areas of the kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus-periventricular and arcuate-were examined using the Imagescope program (Electronic Analysis, Russia). The number of cell bodies of viable and dead neurons was counted (under the control of immunohistochemical identification of the caspase-3 antigen), and the area of the body, nucleus and cytoplasm of viable cells was calculated. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the GraphPad PRISM (USA) program to determine the median, upper and lower quartiles. Differences were considered significant at p 0.01. RESULTS: Simulation of acute ischemia caused a significant increase in the number of dead neurons, a slight decrease in the number of viable neurons and a decrease in the area of their cytoplasm in both kisspeptin-producing nuclei. As a result of KS6 replacement therapy, most neuronal cell bodies retained their original phenotype, but the number of dead neurons was high in both experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Modeling of male hypogonadism using the method of bilateral acute testicular ischemia induces death and partially reversible degenerative changes in kis
{"title":"Reactive changes of kisspeptin-producing hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells during hypogonadism and its replacement therapy by the kisspeptin analogue in rats","authors":"Anatoly D. Lisovsky, Andrey V. Droblenkov, P. S. Bobkov, A. A. Bairamov","doi":"10.17816/maj611103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj611103","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: This study is devoted to the morphological substantiation of the model of male hypogonadism and to establishing the effectiveness of its replacement therapy at the level of the central link of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis using morphological methods. Information about reactive changes in neuroendocrine cells that synthesize the peptide kisspeptin, which regulates the production of gonadoliberin when modeling male and female hypogonadism, has not been described in the literature, which prevents the creation of a micro-morphological basis for the development of models of hypogonadism and the implementation of further preclinical studies of the effectiveness of its replacement therapy. The goal is to carry out a morphological analysis of kisspeptin-producing neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus in normal conditions, with experimental hypogonadism and after replacement therapy. \u0000AIM: To carry out a morphological analysis of kisspeptin-producing neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus in normal conditions, with experimental hypogonadism and after replacement therapy. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objects of the study were 3 groups of adult male Wistar rats 6–8 months of age. In animals of the first and second groups, after anesthesia, total ischemia of both testicles was caused by ligating the left and right spermatic cord with the vascular bundle of the testicle for 60 minutes. Rats of the second group, a few minutes after restoration of testicular blood flow, were given replacement therapy by daily administration of a synthetic analogue of kisspeptin KS6 for 7 days. Control animals of the third group were subjected to sham surgery. After 10 days, all animals were sacrificed, their brains were removed and embedded in paraffin. Nissl-stained frontal histological sections of the most massive areas of the kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus-periventricular and arcuate-were examined using the Imagescope program (Electronic Analysis, Russia). The number of cell bodies of viable and dead neurons was counted (under the control of immunohistochemical identification of the caspase-3 antigen), and the area of the body, nucleus and cytoplasm of viable cells was calculated. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the GraphPad PRISM (USA) program to determine the median, upper and lower quartiles. Differences were considered significant at p 0.01. \u0000RESULTS: Simulation of acute ischemia caused a significant increase in the number of dead neurons, a slight decrease in the number of viable neurons and a decrease in the area of their cytoplasm in both kisspeptin-producing nuclei. As a result of KS6 replacement therapy, most neuronal cell bodies retained their original phenotype, but the number of dead neurons was high in both experimental groups. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Modeling of male hypogonadism using the method of bilateral acute testicular ischemia induces death and partially reversible degenerative changes in kis","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"54 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the predominant risk factors for the development of several cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. It is important to investigate the hypertensive effects on the tissue of brain areas, lacking blood-brain barrier, such as the subfornical organ, as they provide the CNS response to stress and damage. AIM: The aim of the research was to study the localization and functional status of the neuronal cell population within the subfornical organ of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on paraffin sections of the brain of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar rats (n = 12). Mouse monoclonal antibodies against NeuN were used for the light microscopy. Images were analyzed by the Fiji software. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that the spatial neuron distribution of the subfornical organ of Wistar and SHR rats is different. NeuN-positive cells of the subfornical organ of Wistar rats demonstrated dense distribution. On the contrary, subfornical organ neurons of SHRs tended to form separate groups. That observation was additionally confirmed by cluster analysis. Between the groups of NeuN-positive cells. Histochemical counterstain revealed that the gaps between neuronal groups are composed of glial cells. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed neurons in the subfornical organ of spontaneously hypertensive rats may undergo reorganization, which is, apparently, caused by the neuronal cell death and gliosis.
{"title":"NeuN-immunopositive cells in subfornical organ of spontaneously hypertensive rats","authors":"Valeriia A. Razenkova","doi":"10.17816/maj352521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj352521","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the predominant risk factors for the development of several cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. It is important to investigate the hypertensive effects on the tissue of brain areas, lacking blood-brain barrier, such as the subfornical organ, as they provide the CNS response to stress and damage. \u0000AIM: The aim of the research was to study the localization and functional status of the neuronal cell population within the subfornical organ of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on paraffin sections of the brain of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar rats (n = 12). Mouse monoclonal antibodies against NeuN were used for the light microscopy. Images were analyzed by the Fiji software. \u0000RESULTS: It was demonstrated that the spatial neuron distribution of the subfornical organ of Wistar and SHR rats is different. NeuN-positive cells of the subfornical organ of Wistar rats demonstrated dense distribution. On the contrary, subfornical organ neurons of SHRs tended to form separate groups. That observation was additionally confirmed by cluster analysis. Between the groups of NeuN-positive cells. Histochemical counterstain revealed that the gaps between neuronal groups are composed of glial cells. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The study showed neurons in the subfornical organ of spontaneously hypertensive rats may undergo reorganization, which is, apparently, caused by the neuronal cell death and gliosis.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122851235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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