I. Suchkova, K. Sharrouf, Liudmila K. Sasina, Natalia I. Dergacheva, T. Baranova, E. Patkin
BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in childhood. At present, epigenetic disorders play a significant role in neoplasms development. Since epigenetic changes in the cell are quite dynamic and reversible, epigenome-modulating exogenous agents can be used in epigenetic targeted therapy for various types of tumors. Therefore, the identification of these agents is still significant. Lactoferrin is one such potential molecule from the transferrin family. Currently, the anti-tumor properties of lactoferrin have been identified, but its effect on the epigenome of cells of various tumors types, particularly on neuroblastomas, is practically unknown. AIM: To study the effect of the exogenous recombinant human apolactoferrin on the viability and epigenomic status of IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied human IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells after 72 hours of exposure to 8 doses of recombinant human apolactoferrin: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 g/ml. The level of genome-wide DNA methylation and the degree of chromatin compaction in IMR-32 cells were quantified using commercial kits 5-mC DNA ELISA Kit, Global DNA Methylation LINE-1 Kit, as well as enzymatic hydrolysis of MspI / HpaII and DNaseI. RESULTS: The recombinant apolactoferrin reduces the viability of IMR-32 and, depending on the dose, differentially affects the level of genome-wide DNA methylation (СpG dinucleotides, CCGG sites, LINE-1 repeats) and the degree of chromatin compaction. At the same time, a complex picture of the epigenomic cellular response to the effect of apo-lactoferrin was observed (nonlinear nonmonotonic dose-effect relationship). CONCLUSIONS: We assumed that apolactoferrin modulates gene activity through epigenetic mechanisms, in particular, by changing the DNA methylation pattern and affecting the chromatin structure, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms of its anti-tumor effect.
背景:神经母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的颅外实体瘤之一。目前，表观遗传疾病在肿瘤的发生发展中起着重要作用。由于细胞的表观遗传变化是非常动态和可逆的，表观基因组调控外源性药物可用于各种类型肿瘤的表观遗传靶向治疗。因此，鉴定这些制剂仍然具有重要意义。乳铁蛋白就是转铁蛋白家族中的一种潜在分子。目前，乳铁蛋白的抗肿瘤特性已经被确定，但其对各种肿瘤细胞表观基因组的影响，特别是对神经母细胞瘤的影响，实际上是未知的。目的:研究外源性重组人铁蛋白对IMR-32神经母细胞瘤细胞活力和表观基因组状态的影响。材料和方法:我们研究了暴露于8种剂量的重组人铁蛋白(0.1、0.5、1、5、10、50、100和500 g/ml) 72小时后的人IMR-32神经母细胞瘤细胞。采用商用试剂盒5-mC DNA ELISA Kit、Global DNA methylation LINE-1 Kit以及酶解MspI / HpaII和DNaseI，定量分析IMR-32细胞全基因组DNA甲基化水平和染色质压实程度。结果:重组假乳铁蛋白降低了IMR-32的活力，并根据剂量不同，不同程度地影响全基因组DNA甲基化水平(СpG二核苷酸、CCGG位点、LINE-1重复)和染色质压实程度。同时，观察到表观基因组细胞对载乳铁蛋白作用的复杂反应(非线性非单调剂量-效应关系)。结论:我们认为，走乳铁蛋白通过表观遗传机制调节基因活性，特别是通过改变DNA甲基化模式和影响染色质结构，这可能是其抗肿瘤作用的分子机制之一。
{"title":"Apo-form of recombinant human lactoferrin changes the genome-wide DNA methylation level and the chromatin compaction degree in neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32","authors":"I. Suchkova, K. Sharrouf, Liudmila K. Sasina, Natalia I. Dergacheva, T. Baranova, E. Patkin","doi":"10.17816/maj112498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj112498","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in childhood. At present, epigenetic disorders play a significant role in neoplasms development. Since epigenetic changes in the cell are quite dynamic and reversible, epigenome-modulating exogenous agents can be used in epigenetic targeted therapy for various types of tumors. Therefore, the identification of these agents is still significant. Lactoferrin is one such potential molecule from the transferrin family. Currently, the anti-tumor properties of lactoferrin have been identified, but its effect on the epigenome of cells of various tumors types, particularly on neuroblastomas, is practically unknown. \u0000AIM: To study the effect of the exogenous recombinant human apolactoferrin on the viability and epigenomic status of IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied human IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells after 72 hours of exposure to 8 doses of recombinant human apolactoferrin: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 g/ml. The level of genome-wide DNA methylation and the degree of chromatin compaction in IMR-32 cells were quantified using commercial kits 5-mC DNA ELISA Kit, Global DNA Methylation LINE-1 Kit, as well as enzymatic hydrolysis of MspI / HpaII and DNaseI. \u0000RESULTS: The recombinant apolactoferrin reduces the viability of IMR-32 and, depending on the dose, differentially affects the level of genome-wide DNA methylation (СpG dinucleotides, CCGG sites, LINE-1 repeats) and the degree of chromatin compaction. At the same time, a complex picture of the epigenomic cellular response to the effect of apo-lactoferrin was observed (nonlinear nonmonotonic dose-effect relationship). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: We assumed that apolactoferrin modulates gene activity through epigenetic mechanisms, in particular, by changing the DNA methylation pattern and affecting the chromatin structure, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms of its anti-tumor effect.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116914165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Pigarevsky, V. Snegova, S. Maltseva, N. G. Davydova, O. G. Yakovleva, A. Denisenko
BACKGROUND: Recent research results indicate that inflammatory cellular responses can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans and experimental animals, with a predominance in infiltrates of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages that contribute to destructive processes in the vascular wall. However, no comparative, differentiated morphometric analysis of the content of mononuclear cells in unstable and stable atherosclerotic lesions has been carried out so far. AIM: Carrying out comparative histological and morphometric examination of quantitative content of lymphocytes and macrophages in normal vascular wall, in lipid stain, in unstable and in stable atherosclerotic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study material was samples taken during 15 autopsies aged 56 to 71 years who died from acute cardiovascular failure of atherosclerotic etiology. A comparative histological and morphometric study of the content of mononuclear cells: lymphocytes and macrophages in normal areas of the vascular wall, in lipid stains, in unstable and stable atherosclerotic lesions was carried out a total of 50 tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: A sharp increase in the content of studied cells in intima, atheromatous nucleus and adventition in unstable atherosclerotic plaques was revealed. In normal areas of the vascular wall, in initial atherosclerotic lesions and in stable plaques, the number of macrophages and lymphocytes is small. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the results obtained are well consistent with the literature and suggest in favor of the need for lymphocytes and macrophages to form immuno-inflammatory reactions in the formation of unstable atherosclerotic lesions in humans.
{"title":"Comparative morphometric analysis of contents mononuclear cells in unstable and in stable atherosclerotic lesions","authors":"P. Pigarevsky, V. Snegova, S. Maltseva, N. G. Davydova, O. G. Yakovleva, A. Denisenko","doi":"10.17816/maj108866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108866","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Recent research results indicate that inflammatory cellular responses can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans and experimental animals, with a predominance in infiltrates of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages that contribute to destructive processes in the vascular wall. However, no comparative, differentiated morphometric analysis of the content of mononuclear cells in unstable and stable atherosclerotic lesions has been carried out so far. \u0000AIM: Carrying out comparative histological and morphometric examination of quantitative content of lymphocytes and macrophages in normal vascular wall, in lipid stain, in unstable and in stable atherosclerotic lesions. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study material was samples taken during 15 autopsies aged 56 to 71 years who died from acute cardiovascular failure of atherosclerotic etiology. A comparative histological and morphometric study of the content of mononuclear cells: lymphocytes and macrophages in normal areas of the vascular wall, in lipid stains, in unstable and stable atherosclerotic lesions was carried out a total of 50 tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin. \u0000RESULTS: A sharp increase in the content of studied cells in intima, atheromatous nucleus and adventition in unstable atherosclerotic plaques was revealed. In normal areas of the vascular wall, in initial atherosclerotic lesions and in stable plaques, the number of macrophages and lymphocytes is small. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: In general, the results obtained are well consistent with the literature and suggest in favor of the need for lymphocytes and macrophages to form immuno-inflammatory reactions in the formation of unstable atherosclerotic lesions in humans.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124368363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anatoly D. Lisovsky, N. A. Popkovsky, P. S. Bobkov, A. Droblenkov
ВACKGROUND: The article is devoted to the stereo-morphological analysis of the nuclei of the hypothalamus, synthesizing proteins of the kisspeptin family, regulating sexual differentiation various parts of the extended kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus and the features of their asymmetry in mature rats. The morphology of various parts of extended kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus remains poorly understood, which significantly complicates the choice of their reference zone, from which planning and implementation of morphological studies should begin, related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic correction of various forms of hypogonadism. AIM: Determination of the main source of regulatory peptides of the kisspeptin family based on the analysis of the number, area of neuron bodies and volumetric characteristics of the kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 50 frontal paraffin sections of KPNs of 8 intact sexually mature male rats obtained as a result of a standard technique for their preparation and staining by the Nissl method. As a result, we carried out volumetric reconstruction of the largest nucleus of the arcuate complex the medial arcuate nucleus and the large periventricular nucleus, after which the number and area of neurosecretory cell bodies were determined in 5 frontal planes of these nuclei. To determine the proportion of kisspeptin-producing neurons in the total number of neurons in the kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus, we also performed the subsequent quantitative and morphometric characterization of their kisspeptin-producing neurons (after immunohistochemical staining, the identification of kisspeptin-kisspeptin granules. Statistical data processing was performed using the GraphPad PRISM 6.0 program, determining and lower quartiles. Differences were considered significant at p 0.01. RESULTS: Subdivisions of the nuclei, which are the main source of these regulatory proteins, have been identified. The caudal part of the medial arcuate nucleus (at the level of bregma 3.6 mm) and the anterior part of the periventricular nucleus (at the level of bregma 0.2 mm) are subdivisions of the corresponding kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus of the kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus, containing the largest number of neurosecretory cells and the bodies of their largest largest area. The number and area of neurons in the left-sided and right-sided parts of the hypothalamic kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus did not differ significantly. In this regard, the listed left-sided and right-sided subdivisions of the kisspeptin-producing kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus of the were proposed as standards for their subsequent morphological studies, which are important for assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic correction of various forms of hypogonadism. CONCLUSIONS: The left-sided and right-si
{"title":"Morphology of kisspeptin-producing nuclei in the rat hypothalamus","authors":"Anatoly D. Lisovsky, N. A. Popkovsky, P. S. Bobkov, A. Droblenkov","doi":"10.17816/maj109714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj109714","url":null,"abstract":"ВACKGROUND: The article is devoted to the stereo-morphological analysis of the nuclei of the hypothalamus, synthesizing proteins of the kisspeptin family, regulating sexual differentiation various parts of the extended kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus and the features of their asymmetry in mature rats. The morphology of various parts of extended kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus remains poorly understood, which significantly complicates the choice of their reference zone, from which planning and implementation of morphological studies should begin, related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic correction of various forms of hypogonadism. \u0000AIM: Determination of the main source of regulatory peptides of the kisspeptin family based on the analysis of the number, area of neuron bodies and volumetric characteristics of the kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 50 frontal paraffin sections of KPNs of 8 intact sexually mature male rats obtained as a result of a standard technique for their preparation and staining by the Nissl method. As a result, we carried out volumetric reconstruction of the largest nucleus of the arcuate complex the medial arcuate nucleus and the large periventricular nucleus, after which the number and area of neurosecretory cell bodies were determined in 5 frontal planes of these nuclei. To determine the proportion of kisspeptin-producing neurons in the total number of neurons in the kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus, we also performed the subsequent quantitative and morphometric characterization of their kisspeptin-producing neurons (after immunohistochemical staining, the identification of kisspeptin-kisspeptin granules. Statistical data processing was performed using the GraphPad PRISM 6.0 program, determining and lower quartiles. Differences were considered significant at p 0.01. \u0000RESULTS: Subdivisions of the nuclei, which are the main source of these regulatory proteins, have been identified. The caudal part of the medial arcuate nucleus (at the level of bregma 3.6 mm) and the anterior part of the periventricular nucleus (at the level of bregma 0.2 mm) are subdivisions of the corresponding kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus of the kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus, containing the largest number of neurosecretory cells and the bodies of their largest largest area. The number and area of neurons in the left-sided and right-sided parts of the hypothalamic kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus did not differ significantly. In this regard, the listed left-sided and right-sided subdivisions of the kisspeptin-producing kisspeptin-producing nuclei of the hypothalamus of the were proposed as standards for their subsequent morphological studies, which are important for assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic correction of various forms of hypogonadism. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The left-sided and right-si","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114574772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Postnikova, E. Noniashvili, I. Suchkova, T. Baranova, E. Patkin
BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A is a chemical agent ubiquitous in plastic consumer products and a toxin capable of disrupting key epigenetic mechanisms in early embryogenesis. It becomes more and more clear that early development changes in epigenetic pathways caused by exposure to toxic substances are associated with various adult diseases. Therefore the need to identify new agents capable of eliminating epigenetic mechanisms failures caused by the bisphenol A toxin becomes evident. Here we suggest lactoferrin as a normalizer of toxicant-induced epigenomic changes. Currently there is no data on the role of lactoferrin as a normalizer of epigenomic disorders under the influence of toxicants. We assume that in mammalian embryogenesis lactoferrin might function as an epigenetic modulating factor. AIM: The aim of the research is to study effects of lactoferrin on the epigenetic status of postimplantation mouse embryos, exposed to bisphenol A in utero. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 3 experimental groups of mice and two control group were used. 1. Mice on the first day of pregnancy, injected with 40 mg/kg of body weight of bisphenol A; 2. Mice on the first day of pregnancy, injected with 50 mg/kg of body weight of lactoferrin; 3. Mice on the first day of pregnancy, successively injected with 50 mg/kg body weight of lactoferrin and 40 mg/kg of body weight of bisphenol A. On the 15th day of embryonic development, the level of genome-wide DNA methylation was evaluated in different body parts of the embryos by methyl-sensitive restriction and ImageJ visualization analysis. RESULTS: We demonstrated that in post-implantation mouse embryos, exposure to bisphenol A in the prenatal period caused an increased level of genome-wide DNA methylation. The most prominent effects were observed in brain and abdominal section of the embryos. Together, the present findings confirmed that lactoferrin administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight resulted in normalization of genome-wide DNA methylation levels after bisphenol A-induced epigenetic alterations. CONCLUSIONS: We assume that lactoferrin may partially neutralize the harmful effects of bisphenol A caused aberrant methylation, and thus can potentially be used as a pharmaceutical product. Factual findings of the present study may help by development of new therapeutic approaches. Nevertheless, further research of the bisphenol A, lactoferrin and lactoferrin + bisphenol A effects on reactive oxygen species and/or antioxidant enzymes is needed.
{"title":"The influence of exogenic lactoferrin on DNA methylation in postimplantation mouse embryos developed from zygotes exposed to bisphenol A","authors":"L. A. Postnikova, E. Noniashvili, I. Suchkova, T. Baranova, E. Patkin","doi":"10.17816/maj109416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj109416","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A is a chemical agent ubiquitous in plastic consumer products and a toxin capable of disrupting key epigenetic mechanisms in early embryogenesis. It becomes more and more clear that early development changes in epigenetic pathways caused by exposure to toxic substances are associated with various adult diseases. Therefore the need to identify new agents capable of eliminating epigenetic mechanisms failures caused by the bisphenol A toxin becomes evident. Here we suggest lactoferrin as a normalizer of toxicant-induced epigenomic changes. Currently there is no data on the role of lactoferrin as a normalizer of epigenomic disorders under the influence of toxicants. We assume that in mammalian embryogenesis lactoferrin might function as an epigenetic modulating factor. \u0000AIM: The aim of the research is to study effects of lactoferrin on the epigenetic status of postimplantation mouse embryos, exposed to bisphenol A in utero. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 3 experimental groups of mice and two control group were used. 1. Mice on the first day of pregnancy, injected with 40 mg/kg of body weight of bisphenol A; 2. Mice on the first day of pregnancy, injected with 50 mg/kg of body weight of lactoferrin; 3. Mice on the first day of pregnancy, successively injected with 50 mg/kg body weight of lactoferrin and 40 mg/kg of body weight of bisphenol A. On the 15th day of embryonic development, the level of genome-wide DNA methylation was evaluated in different body parts of the embryos by methyl-sensitive restriction and ImageJ visualization analysis. \u0000RESULTS: We demonstrated that in post-implantation mouse embryos, exposure to bisphenol A in the prenatal period caused an increased level of genome-wide DNA methylation. The most prominent effects were observed in brain and abdominal section of the embryos. Together, the present findings confirmed that lactoferrin administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight resulted in normalization of genome-wide DNA methylation levels after bisphenol A-induced epigenetic alterations. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: We assume that lactoferrin may partially neutralize the harmful effects of bisphenol A caused aberrant methylation, and thus can potentially be used as a pharmaceutical product. Factual findings of the present study may help by development of new therapeutic approaches. Nevertheless, further research of the bisphenol A, lactoferrin and lactoferrin + bisphenol A effects on reactive oxygen species and/or antioxidant enzymes is needed.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121578001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is an obligatory tool during fossa posterior surgery. Corticobulbar motor evoked potentials is the modality of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, which can be used during such neurosurgery interventions. It is used to determine the functional state of the caudal cranial nerves during surgery. However, there are technical features of this modality, therefore, corticobulbar motor evoked potentials are not used routine in neurosurgery now. AIM: To establish the predictive value of corticobulbar motor evoked potentials for development of dysphagia after removal of tumors of brainstem and fourth ventricle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 80 patients aged from 11 months to 67 years. In 49 cases tumor located in forth ventricle (34 adults and 15 children). In 31 cases tumor located in upper brainstem and craniospinal region (16 adults and 15 children). All patients underwent neurosurgery removal of tumor with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. We analyzed otoneurological symptoms before and after operation, MR-images, the volume of removed tumor was estimated. We analyzed data of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; the main modality of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was corticobulbar motor evoked potentials. RESULTS: Progress in neurological symptoms from caudal nerves was observed in 35% cases. Amplitude of corticobulbar motor evoked potentials statistically depends on neurological symptoms from caudal nerves in early postoperative period. When the amplitude of the corticobulbar motor evoked potentials decreases by more than 34% from the initial level, there is a high probability of appearance or increase of symptoms from the caudal group of cranial nerves after surgery. The sensitivity and specificity of the corticobulbar motor evoked potentails are 94.4 and 89.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to use the corticobulbar motor evoked potentials to determine the functional state of the caudal group of cranial nerves during brainstem and forth ventricle surgery and to predict the development of dysphagia and dysarthria after surgery. The modality has a high prognostic value both in children and in adults.
{"title":"Corticobulbar motor evoked potentials in surgical treatment of tumors of the IV ventricle and brainstem","authors":"K. Lapteva, A. Ogurtsova, Y. Strunina","doi":"10.17816/maj111577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj111577","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is an obligatory tool during fossa posterior surgery. Corticobulbar motor evoked potentials is the modality of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, which can be used during such neurosurgery interventions. It is used to determine the functional state of the caudal cranial nerves during surgery. However, there are technical features of this modality, therefore, corticobulbar motor evoked potentials are not used routine in neurosurgery now. \u0000AIM: To establish the predictive value of corticobulbar motor evoked potentials for development of dysphagia after removal of tumors of brainstem and fourth ventricle. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 80 patients aged from 11 months to 67 years. In 49 cases tumor located in forth ventricle (34 adults and 15 children). In 31 cases tumor located in upper brainstem and craniospinal region (16 adults and 15 children). All patients underwent neurosurgery removal of tumor with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. We analyzed otoneurological symptoms before and after operation, MR-images, the volume of removed tumor was estimated. We analyzed data of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; the main modality of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was corticobulbar motor evoked potentials. \u0000RESULTS: Progress in neurological symptoms from caudal nerves was observed in 35% cases. Amplitude of corticobulbar motor evoked potentials statistically depends on neurological symptoms from caudal nerves in early postoperative period. When the amplitude of the corticobulbar motor evoked potentials decreases by more than 34% from the initial level, there is a high probability of appearance or increase of symptoms from the caudal group of cranial nerves after surgery. The sensitivity and specificity of the corticobulbar motor evoked potentails are 94.4 and 89.2%, respectively. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to use the corticobulbar motor evoked potentials to determine the functional state of the caudal group of cranial nerves during brainstem and forth ventricle surgery and to predict the development of dysphagia and dysarthria after surgery. The modality has a high prognostic value both in children and in adults.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129683878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is dedicated to the outstanding scientist and figure of the national epidemiological doctrine, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Vitaly Belyakov. Through the prism of the events of recent years the advent of pandemics of socially significant infections a modern interpretation and confirmation of the relevance of the previously formulated theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems was given. The evolutionarily complex and diverse relationships between the microbiota and the animal world, its significant role in establishing a balance among many epidemic processes in the human population are considered and systematized. Particular attention is paid to the development of the human immunodeficiency virus and SARS-CoV-2 syndemic, as well as the latest observations of the interaction between the COVID-19 pathogen and the influenza virus. Data are presented that reflect the presence of interfering processes between the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, where for two years all isolated dangerous strains of SARS-CoV-2 prevented the arrival of seasonal epidemics of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. V. Belyakov in a certain historical format was ahead of events, describing the processes of self-regulation of the microcosm in the conditions of the macro- and microenvironment and its development, the patterns of which can be applied in the future.
{"title":"Interference, syndemia and neutrality of microbiota relationships as components of epidemic self-regulation","authors":"G. A. Sofronov, N. Belyakov, E. Boeva","doi":"10.17816/maj111198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj111198","url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to the outstanding scientist and figure of the national epidemiological doctrine, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Vitaly Belyakov. Through the prism of the events of recent years the advent of pandemics of socially significant infections a modern interpretation and confirmation of the relevance of the previously formulated theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems was given. The evolutionarily complex and diverse relationships between the microbiota and the animal world, its significant role in establishing a balance among many epidemic processes in the human population are considered and systematized. Particular attention is paid to the development of the human immunodeficiency virus and SARS-CoV-2 syndemic, as well as the latest observations of the interaction between the COVID-19 pathogen and the influenza virus. Data are presented that reflect the presence of interfering processes between the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, where for two years all isolated dangerous strains of SARS-CoV-2 prevented the arrival of seasonal epidemics of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. V. Belyakov in a certain historical format was ahead of events, describing the processes of self-regulation of the microcosm in the conditions of the macro- and microenvironment and its development, the patterns of which can be applied in the future.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"316 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132547225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Novikova, E. Agapova, T. Sergeev, A. Shabrov, A. Anisimov, Mariya V. Kuropatenko
BACKGROUND: Passive postural exertions are used to assess orthostatic tolerance, adaptation to antiorthostatic stress and to identify the physiological effects of prolonged supine. As it was shown earlier, Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural impacts influence on the state of functional reserves, activating long-term regulatory systems. AIM: The purpose of paper is comparative study of the dynamics of functional indices and calculated physiological indices before and after Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural exertions and experimental hypokinesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 50 conditionally healthy subjects randomly divided into two groups at a ratio of 3 to 1. The first group (38 of participants) was exposed to the Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural impacts. The subjects were in supine position for 5 minutes and then were rotated using an automatic turntable for 10 minutes, after which they were to horizontal position for 5 minutes. The angle deflection of the turntable during the Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural impacts was from 5 to 15 degrees above or below from the base line. The subjects of the second group (12 of participants) were supine on the turntable fixed in the horizontal position for 20 minutes, thus being exposed to voluntary experimental hypokinesia. Anthropometric indices of subjects were measured before the study; functional indices were recorded continuously throughout the test. The entire study was divided into three stages, for which the values of the calculated physiological indices were presented as averages. Statistical analysis of the differences between the measured and calculated indices was performed using nonparametric statistical tests. RESULTS: Application of both types of exertions leads to decrease of the experienced stress and more effective blood circulation, but there are expressed differences. Thus, Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural impacts are accompanied by a decrease in heart rate, an increase in the adaptive potential, an increase in endurance, which is confirmed by statistically significant changes in the analyzed indices. On the contrary, in the voluntary experimental hypokinesia group, by the end of the 20-minute motionless lying there was a gradual increase in heart rate, decrease in endurance indices and weakening of the adaptive potential. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with the use of available, previously tested, physiological techniques permit to recommend wobbling passive dynamic postural impacts as a promising method for preventing the harmful effect of hypokinesia. An advanced study of changes in the microvasculature using modern equipment based on Laser Doppler flowmetry will allow verifying the obtained results.
{"title":"Wobbling passive dynamic postural impacts as a promising method of increasing adaptive potential and improving cardiorespiratory system function","authors":"T. Novikova, E. Agapova, T. Sergeev, A. Shabrov, A. Anisimov, Mariya V. Kuropatenko","doi":"10.17816/maj109749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj109749","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Passive postural exertions are used to assess orthostatic tolerance, adaptation to antiorthostatic stress and to identify the physiological effects of prolonged supine. As it was shown earlier, Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural impacts influence on the state of functional reserves, activating long-term regulatory systems. \u0000AIM: The purpose of paper is comparative study of the dynamics of functional indices and calculated physiological indices before and after Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural exertions and experimental hypokinesia. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 50 conditionally healthy subjects randomly divided into two groups at a ratio of 3 to 1. The first group (38 of participants) was exposed to the Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural impacts. The subjects were in supine position for 5 minutes and then were rotated using an automatic turntable for 10 minutes, after which they were to horizontal position for 5 minutes. The angle deflection of the turntable during the Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural impacts was from 5 to 15 degrees above or below from the base line. The subjects of the second group (12 of participants) were supine on the turntable fixed in the horizontal position for 20 minutes, thus being exposed to voluntary experimental hypokinesia. Anthropometric indices of subjects were measured before the study; functional indices were recorded continuously throughout the test. The entire study was divided into three stages, for which the values of the calculated physiological indices were presented as averages. Statistical analysis of the differences between the measured and calculated indices was performed using nonparametric statistical tests. \u0000RESULTS: Application of both types of exertions leads to decrease of the experienced stress and more effective blood circulation, but there are expressed differences. Thus, Wobbling Passive Dynamic Postural impacts are accompanied by a decrease in heart rate, an increase in the adaptive potential, an increase in endurance, which is confirmed by statistically significant changes in the analyzed indices. On the contrary, in the voluntary experimental hypokinesia group, by the end of the 20-minute motionless lying there was a gradual increase in heart rate, decrease in endurance indices and weakening of the adaptive potential. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with the use of available, previously tested, physiological techniques permit to recommend wobbling passive dynamic postural impacts as a promising method for preventing the harmful effect of hypokinesia. An advanced study of changes in the microvasculature using modern equipment based on Laser Doppler flowmetry will allow verifying the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133391304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the review we discussed the clinical and physiological aspects of the use of renal artery denervation as an interventional method of treatment of refractory essential arterial hypertension. The application of radiofrequency denervation may be considered as an additional treatment to drug therapy in patients with arterial hypertension. At the same time, the main emphasis in the performed experimental and clinical studies was made on the assessment of changes in blood pressure, cardiac output and the calculated index of total peripheral resistance. However, there is no satisfactory data in the literature about changes of the venous return, as well as superior and inferior venae cavae flows. To assess the effectiveness of renal artery denervation on arterial and venous vessels resistance shifts, it is necessary to carry out experimental studies with perfusion of isolated organs in the conditions of modeling arterial hypertension in animals. The question of the extent to which denervation of the renal arteries leads to shifts in the reactions of organ venous vessels in response to pressor reflex stimuli also requires further studies on experimental models. There are practically no data in the literature on the degree of influence of renal artery denervation on orthostatic tolerance. To understand the mechanisms of changes in systemic hemodynamics in response to denervation of the renal arteries, it is also necessary to perform further research on the mechanisms of shifts in the capacitive and resistive functions of the pulmonary circulation with an assessment of pulmonary microcirculation.
{"title":"Renal artery denervation: unsolved questions about mechanisms of changes of systemic hemodynamics","authors":"R. A. Azovtsev, V. I. Evlakhov","doi":"10.17816/maj106891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj106891","url":null,"abstract":"In the review we discussed the clinical and physiological aspects of the use of renal artery denervation as an interventional method of treatment of refractory essential arterial hypertension. The application of radiofrequency denervation may be considered as an additional treatment to drug therapy in patients with arterial hypertension. At the same time, the main emphasis in the performed experimental and clinical studies was made on the assessment of changes in blood pressure, cardiac output and the calculated index of total peripheral resistance. However, there is no satisfactory data in the literature about changes of the venous return, as well as superior and inferior venae cavae flows. To assess the effectiveness of renal artery denervation on arterial and venous vessels resistance shifts, it is necessary to carry out experimental studies with perfusion of isolated organs in the conditions of modeling arterial hypertension in animals. The question of the extent to which denervation of the renal arteries leads to shifts in the reactions of organ venous vessels in response to pressor reflex stimuli also requires further studies on experimental models. There are practically no data in the literature on the degree of influence of renal artery denervation on orthostatic tolerance. To understand the mechanisms of changes in systemic hemodynamics in response to denervation of the renal arteries, it is also necessary to perform further research on the mechanisms of shifts in the capacitive and resistive functions of the pulmonary circulation with an assessment of pulmonary microcirculation.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"502 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123245502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. P. Gorbach, Еlena N. Shurova, E. Gorbach, N. Kononovich, P. Ochirova
BACKGROUND: In the formation of scoliotic deformity of the spinal column, the skin of the back on the protruding parts of the body is a vulnerable area. However, the study of the characteristics of the skin condition of the back of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis has not been given due attention. AIM: To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the morphological and functional properties of the skin of the back of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and to determine the information content of the research methods used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 20 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, the skin of the back was examined. The following methods were used: visual clinical examination, local thermometry, laser Doppler flowmetry, esthesiometry, elastometry, histological methods. RESULTS: Visually, in 70% of cases, a change in the skin was revealed. In the region of the spinal deformity apex, the skin temperature was higher on the convex side than on the concave side. In the skin of the paravertebral region, capillary blood flow from the convex side and in the distal spine was more intense than on the concave side. In the dermatomes corresponding to the apex of the deformity, hyperesthesia, hypesthesia, and the absence of thermal sensitivity were noted. In the paravertebral and scapular projections, in the region of the deformity apex, the lowest indicators of skin elasticity were recorded, compared with the areas located above and below. Histostructural differences in the skin were revealed in the area of the convex and concave sides of the apex of the deformity. On the convex side, a significant decrease in the thickness of the epidermis and dermis, an increase in the thickness of the subcutaneous fat, a greater severity of reactive-destructive changes in the fibrous, vascular and innervating components of the dermis were determined. CONCLUSIONS: The use of an integrated approach in the study of the skin of the back of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis made it possible to identify the features of structural and functional changes, which indicates the information content of the selected methods. The results obtained must be taken into account when planning the treatment and rehabilitation process of patients with this pathology.
{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of the morpho-functional state of the back skin integument in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis","authors":"A. P. Gorbach, Еlena N. Shurova, E. Gorbach, N. Kononovich, P. Ochirova","doi":"10.17816/maj108206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108206","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In the formation of scoliotic deformity of the spinal column, the skin of the back on the protruding parts of the body is a vulnerable area. However, the study of the characteristics of the skin condition of the back of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis has not been given due attention. \u0000AIM: To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the morphological and functional properties of the skin of the back of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and to determine the information content of the research methods used. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 20 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, the skin of the back was examined. The following methods were used: visual clinical examination, local thermometry, laser Doppler flowmetry, esthesiometry, elastometry, histological methods. \u0000RESULTS: Visually, in 70% of cases, a change in the skin was revealed. In the region of the spinal deformity apex, the skin temperature was higher on the convex side than on the concave side. In the skin of the paravertebral region, capillary blood flow from the convex side and in the distal spine was more intense than on the concave side. In the dermatomes corresponding to the apex of the deformity, hyperesthesia, hypesthesia, and the absence of thermal sensitivity were noted. In the paravertebral and scapular projections, in the region of the deformity apex, the lowest indicators of skin elasticity were recorded, compared with the areas located above and below. Histostructural differences in the skin were revealed in the area of the convex and concave sides of the apex of the deformity. On the convex side, a significant decrease in the thickness of the epidermis and dermis, an increase in the thickness of the subcutaneous fat, a greater severity of reactive-destructive changes in the fibrous, vascular and innervating components of the dermis were determined. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The use of an integrated approach in the study of the skin of the back of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis made it possible to identify the features of structural and functional changes, which indicates the information content of the selected methods. The results obtained must be taken into account when planning the treatment and rehabilitation process of patients with this pathology.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130045896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bobinov, L. Rozhchenko, S. Goroshchenko, E. G. Kolomin, K. Samochernykh, A. Petrov
The evolution of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms has logically developed in the direction from non-constructive methods (treatment of aneurysms using detachable balloons, using liquid embolizing agents, occlusion of aneurysms with detachable coils, occlusion of aneurysms with balloon-assisted coils, implantation of various types of intradaccular devises) to reconstruction of the artery segment carrying the aneurysm (occlusion of aneurysms with stent-assisted coils and the use of flow-diverters). The effectiveness of these methods, including in the treatment of patients in the acute period of aneurysm rupture, in the immediate postoperative period has been proven by a variety of randomized studies, at the same time, in the long-term period, there are cases of aneurysm recurrence, including those accompanied by its rupture and the need for repeated surgical treatment. It should be noted that the development and modernization of various devices for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms is aimed at reducing the risk of operational complications and achieving greater radicality not only in the near, but also in the long-term postoperative period. The purpose of this review is to describe the stages of development of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. In this work, we describe the most well-known non-constructive methods of treatment.
{"title":"The evolution of non-reconstructive methods of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms","authors":"V. Bobinov, L. Rozhchenko, S. Goroshchenko, E. G. Kolomin, K. Samochernykh, A. Petrov","doi":"10.17816/maj108576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj108576","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms has logically developed in the direction from non-constructive methods (treatment of aneurysms using detachable balloons, using liquid embolizing agents, occlusion of aneurysms with detachable coils, occlusion of aneurysms with balloon-assisted coils, implantation of various types of intradaccular devises) to reconstruction of the artery segment carrying the aneurysm (occlusion of aneurysms with stent-assisted coils and the use of flow-diverters). The effectiveness of these methods, including in the treatment of patients in the acute period of aneurysm rupture, in the immediate postoperative period has been proven by a variety of randomized studies, at the same time, in the long-term period, there are cases of aneurysm recurrence, including those accompanied by its rupture and the need for repeated surgical treatment. It should be noted that the development and modernization of various devices for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms is aimed at reducing the risk of operational complications and achieving greater radicality not only in the near, but also in the long-term postoperative period. The purpose of this review is to describe the stages of development of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. In this work, we describe the most well-known non-constructive methods of treatment.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117297075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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