A. I. Ermakov, L. Gaikovaya, O. Sirotkina, T. Vavilova
BACKGROUND: High platelet reactivity leads to the progression of atherosclerosis and its complications. Activated platelets adhere to the site of endothelium damage on the vessel wall and initiate the formation of an arterial thrombus, followed by acute ischemia of the organ. Biochemical and cellular marker such as platelet microvesicles and P-selectin can be analyzed using flow cytometry, which is based on a specific antigen-antibody interaction. Patients with peripheral arterial disease are at significantly greater risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications than individuals of the same age and sex. The use of antiplatelet agents is an important part of pathogenetic therapy and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and their complications. AIM: This study was to evaluate the level of platelet microparticles and P-selectin expression in patients with peripheral arterial disease receiving antiplatelet therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 49 people, which included three study groups: patients with obliterating disease of the arteries of the lower extremities (n = 14) on the background of long-term use (more than 14 days) of double (75 mg clopidogrel and 100 mg Acetylsalicylic acid) antiplatelet therapy, patients with COVID-19 (n = 15), who made up the positive control group in the determination of microparticles of platelet origin, and healthy volunteers (n = 20) without signs of acute respiratory disease, without a history of cardiovascular and thromboembolic episodes, not taking antiplatelet drugs. The functional activity of platelets was assessed by two methods: using light aggregometry and analysis of P-selectin expression on platelet surface by flow cytometry. The number of platelets microparticles in blood plasma was also determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS: A significant decrease in platelet aggregation was found in patients with peripheral arterial disease taking antiplatelet agents, compared with controls by used light aggregometry. Similar changes were obtained when analyzing the expression of P-selectin on platelets. A higher percentage of platelets microparticles with the CD9+CD41+ phenotype was found in patients with severe inflammation compared with peripheral arterial disease patients treated with antiplatelet agents and compared with the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our study reflects the consistency of the results of three different laboratory tests in assessing the platelets reactivity in patients with the peripheral arterial diseases taking antiplatelet drugs.
{"title":"The study of platelet microparticles and P-selectin expression in patients with the peripheral arterial diseases","authors":"A. I. Ermakov, L. Gaikovaya, O. Sirotkina, T. Vavilova","doi":"10.17816/maj296568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj296568","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: High platelet reactivity leads to the progression of atherosclerosis and its complications. Activated platelets adhere to the site of endothelium damage on the vessel wall and initiate the formation of an arterial thrombus, followed by acute ischemia of the organ. Biochemical and cellular marker such as platelet microvesicles and P-selectin can be analyzed using flow cytometry, which is based on a specific antigen-antibody interaction. Patients with peripheral arterial disease are at significantly greater risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications than individuals of the same age and sex. The use of antiplatelet agents is an important part of pathogenetic therapy and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and their complications. \u0000AIM: This study was to evaluate the level of platelet microparticles and P-selectin expression in patients with peripheral arterial disease receiving antiplatelet therapy. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 49 people, which included three study groups: patients with obliterating disease of the arteries of the lower extremities (n = 14) on the background of long-term use (more than 14 days) of double (75 mg clopidogrel and 100 mg Acetylsalicylic acid) antiplatelet therapy, patients with COVID-19 (n = 15), who made up the positive control group in the determination of microparticles of platelet origin, and healthy volunteers (n = 20) without signs of acute respiratory disease, without a history of cardiovascular and thromboembolic episodes, not taking antiplatelet drugs. The functional activity of platelets was assessed by two methods: using light aggregometry and analysis of P-selectin expression on platelet surface by flow cytometry. The number of platelets microparticles in blood plasma was also determined using flow cytometry. \u0000RESULTS: A significant decrease in platelet aggregation was found in patients with peripheral arterial disease taking antiplatelet agents, compared with controls by used light aggregometry. Similar changes were obtained when analyzing the expression of P-selectin on platelets. A higher percentage of platelets microparticles with the CD9+CD41+ phenotype was found in patients with severe inflammation compared with peripheral arterial disease patients treated with antiplatelet agents and compared with the healthy controls. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our study reflects the consistency of the results of three different laboratory tests in assessing the platelets reactivity in patients with the peripheral arterial diseases taking antiplatelet drugs.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126716829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Tumanova, Vladimir A. Merkurjev, G. Danilova, V. Aleksandrov
BACKGROUND: For a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19, it is necessary to study the mechanisms that implement the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the processes of regulation of the external respiratory system. In experiments on anesthetized rats, the effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 on the respiratory effects of dizocilpine (MK-801), which has an inhibitory effect on neurotransmitter systems involved in the control of the respiratory system, was studied. It was considered that, first of all, dizocilpine is a highly effective non-competitive NMDA-type glutamate receptor blocker. AIM: The objectives of the study were to identify the effect of the influence of dizocilpine on the parameters of the breathing pattern and to assess the degree of change in this effect when dizocilpine was administered against the background of an elevated systemic level of interleukin-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 24 anesthetized tracheostomy spontaneously breathing rats. To register the volume-time parameters of external respiration, a pneumotachographic technique was used. In the process of processing the obtained results, the value of the recorded parameter was determined immediately before the introduction of MK-801 and 1 min after its introduction RESULTS: At a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg, dizocilpine was found to cause a reversible short-term decrease in respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute respiratory volume. It has been shown that this effect of dizocilpine does not appear after intravenous administration of interleukin-1 (at a dosage of 2 g/kg). The results obtained confirm the assumption about the effect of an elevated systemic level of interleukin-1 on the state of neurotransmitter systems involved in the control of respiration. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the correlation of the obtained results with the literature data, an assumption was made about a change in the state of NMDA-type glutamate receptors under the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be one of the mechanisms of cardiorespiratory dysfunctions observed in a systemic inflammatory reaction accompanied by hypercytokinemia.
{"title":"Reducing of the respiratory effects of dizocilpine by recombinant interleukin-1β in experiment","authors":"T. Tumanova, Vladimir A. Merkurjev, G. Danilova, V. Aleksandrov","doi":"10.17816/maj133602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj133602","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: For a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19, it is necessary to study the mechanisms that implement the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the processes of regulation of the external respiratory system. In experiments on anesthetized rats, the effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 on the respiratory effects of dizocilpine (MK-801), which has an inhibitory effect on neurotransmitter systems involved in the control of the respiratory system, was studied. It was considered that, first of all, dizocilpine is a highly effective non-competitive NMDA-type glutamate receptor blocker. \u0000AIM: The objectives of the study were to identify the effect of the influence of dizocilpine on the parameters of the breathing pattern and to assess the degree of change in this effect when dizocilpine was administered against the background of an elevated systemic level of interleukin-1. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 24 anesthetized tracheostomy spontaneously breathing rats. To register the volume-time parameters of external respiration, a pneumotachographic technique was used. In the process of processing the obtained results, the value of the recorded parameter was determined immediately before the introduction of MK-801 and 1 min after its introduction \u0000RESULTS: At a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg, dizocilpine was found to cause a reversible short-term decrease in respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute respiratory volume. It has been shown that this effect of dizocilpine does not appear after intravenous administration of interleukin-1 (at a dosage of 2 g/kg). The results obtained confirm the assumption about the effect of an elevated systemic level of interleukin-1 on the state of neurotransmitter systems involved in the control of respiration. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Based on the correlation of the obtained results with the literature data, an assumption was made about a change in the state of NMDA-type glutamate receptors under the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be one of the mechanisms of cardiorespiratory dysfunctions observed in a systemic inflammatory reaction accompanied by hypercytokinemia.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116667361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. A. Nikitina, V. Razenkova, O. V. Kirik, D. Korzhevskii
BACKGROUND: A necessary attribute of any study, which is related to the cell biology of various structural components of the digestive tract, is the usage of modern immunohistochemical methods. One of the most difficult objects are resident liver macrophages, or Kupffer cells. This determines the high significance to develop a reliable approach for Kupffer cells visualization. AIM: The aim of the study was to develop a protocol for the immunohistochemical research of Kupffer cells in rat liver using two types of primary antibodies against Iba-1, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, taking into account the use of zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde as a fixative. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on liver samples of adult Wistar rats (n = 5). Goat polyclonal and rabbit monoclonal antibodies against calcium-binding protein Iba-1 were used for the ligh microscopy immunohistochemistry assay of resident liver macrophages. RESULTS: Using two types of antibodies it was shown by quantitative analysis that rabbit monoclonal antibodies most completely reveal Iba-1-immunopositive structures compared to goat polyclonal antibodies. Fixation with zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde made it possible to reveal Iba-1-immunopositive cells in all studied rat liver samples. CONCLUSIONS: Iba-1 immunohistochemistry using rabbit monoclonal antibodies was considered as the most optimal immunohistochemical approach. Fixation with zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde preserves the antigenic epitopes and allows the effective use of different antibodies.
{"title":"Visualisation of kupffer cells in the rat liver with poly- and monoclonal antibodies against microglial-specific protein Iba-1","authors":"I. A. Nikitina, V. Razenkova, O. V. Kirik, D. Korzhevskii","doi":"10.17816/maj133649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj133649","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: A necessary attribute of any study, which is related to the cell biology of various structural components of the digestive tract, is the usage of modern immunohistochemical methods. One of the most difficult objects are resident liver macrophages, or Kupffer cells. This determines the high significance to develop a reliable approach for Kupffer cells visualization. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to develop a protocol for the immunohistochemical research of Kupffer cells in rat liver using two types of primary antibodies against Iba-1, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, taking into account the use of zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde as a fixative. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on liver samples of adult Wistar rats (n = 5). Goat polyclonal and rabbit monoclonal antibodies against calcium-binding protein Iba-1 were used for the ligh microscopy immunohistochemistry assay of resident liver macrophages. \u0000RESULTS: Using two types of antibodies it was shown by quantitative analysis that rabbit monoclonal antibodies most completely reveal Iba-1-immunopositive structures compared to goat polyclonal antibodies. Fixation with zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde made it possible to reveal Iba-1-immunopositive cells in all studied rat liver samples. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Iba-1 immunohistochemistry using rabbit monoclonal antibodies was considered as the most optimal immunohistochemical approach. Fixation with zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde preserves the antigenic epitopes and allows the effective use of different antibodies.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132047703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Academician A.A. Zavarzin (18861945) the founder of evolutionary histology and the creator of tissue parallelism theory, is known as an outstanding neurohistologist and organizer of the Department of General Morphology of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (AIEM). During the Great Patriotic War (World War II) A.A. Zavarzin was evacuated to Tomsk as part of the laboratories of the central part of AIEM (Moscow) and the Leningrad branch of AIEM (Leningrad). Some information about his scientific work in Tomsk is presented in the historical literature, however, up to the present, his organizational activities as a commissioner have not been known. Based on information from the archive of the Institute of Experimental Medicine (St. Petersburg), including previously unpublished materials from orders on personnel for 1941 and 1945 and those for the Tomsk Group of AIEM, this article presents new facts about the life and scientific and organizational activities of Academician A.A. Zavarzin during the Great Patriotic War. In the period from 1943 to 1944, he headed the Tomsk group of laboratories of the A.M. Gorky All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine the main scientific medical institution in the country, on the basis of which the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was organized in 1945.
{"title":"The activity of the outstanding histologist academician A.A. Zavarzin as the commissioner of the tomsk group of laboratories of the Institute of Experimental Medicine in the period of the Great Patriotic War","authors":"D. Korzhevskii, O. V. Kirik","doi":"10.17816/maj120166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj120166","url":null,"abstract":"Academician A.A. Zavarzin (18861945) the founder of evolutionary histology and the creator of tissue parallelism theory, is known as an outstanding neurohistologist and organizer of the Department of General Morphology of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (AIEM). During the Great Patriotic War (World War II) A.A. Zavarzin was evacuated to Tomsk as part of the laboratories of the central part of AIEM (Moscow) and the Leningrad branch of AIEM (Leningrad). Some information about his scientific work in Tomsk is presented in the historical literature, however, up to the present, his organizational activities as a commissioner have not been known. Based on information from the archive of the Institute of Experimental Medicine (St. Petersburg), including previously unpublished materials from orders on personnel for 1941 and 1945 and those for the Tomsk Group of AIEM, this article presents new facts about the life and scientific and organizational activities of Academician A.A. Zavarzin during the Great Patriotic War. In the period from 1943 to 1944, he headed the Tomsk group of laboratories of the A.M. Gorky All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine the main scientific medical institution in the country, on the basis of which the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was organized in 1945.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129553524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The neurotrophic factor BDNF performs important functions in synaptic plasticity and functional activity of neurons, involve in the stress response and the pathogenesis of post-stress disorders. The specificity of post-stress changes in the bdnf mRNA level due to genetically determined features of excitability of the nervous system has not been studied. AIM: To study the level of bdnf mRNA in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala of rats of two strains with contrasting excitability of the nervous system in normal condition and at different times after prolonged emotional and painful stress exposure (after 24 hours, 7, 24, 60 days). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on adult male rats of two strains with a different level of excitability of the nervous system (HT high threshold and LT low threshold of excitability). As a model of chronic stress, a long-term emotional and painful exposure according to Hecht was used. The bdnf mRNA level was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Changes in the level of bdnf mRNA in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala of control and experimental groups of rats of two strains were studied at different time points (24 hours, 7, 24 days, 2 months) after prolonged emotional and painful stress exposure. RESULTS: It was found that in highly excitable LT rats, a decrease in the expression of the bdnf gene in the prefrontal cortex occurs 24 hours and persists up to 7 days after exposure, in the hippocampus 2 months after exposure. In rats of the low-excitable HT strain, the decrease in bdnf mRNA was not detected. CONCLUSIONS: In highly excitable LT rats, prolonged emotional and painful stress causes a decrease in the expression of the bdnf gene in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In low-excitable rats of the HT strain, no significant decrease in the mRNA level of this neurotrophin was found in any of the studied brain regions. The possible association of this specificity of changes in the level of bdnf mRNA with a greater severity of post-stress anxiety-like behavior disorders in highly excitable rats compared with low-excitable ones is discussed.
{"title":"The effect of prolonged emotional and pain stress on the expression of the bdnf gene in the brain of rats with contrast excitability of the nervous system","authors":"I. Shalaginova, T. Zachepilo, N. Dyuzhikova","doi":"10.17816/maj119980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj119980","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The neurotrophic factor BDNF performs important functions in synaptic plasticity and functional activity of neurons, involve in the stress response and the pathogenesis of post-stress disorders. The specificity of post-stress changes in the bdnf mRNA level due to genetically determined features of excitability of the nervous system has not been studied. \u0000AIM: To study the level of bdnf mRNA in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala of rats of two strains with contrasting excitability of the nervous system in normal condition and at different times after prolonged emotional and painful stress exposure (after 24 hours, 7, 24, 60 days). \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on adult male rats of two strains with a different level of excitability of the nervous system (HT high threshold and LT low threshold of excitability). As a model of chronic stress, a long-term emotional and painful exposure according to Hecht was used. The bdnf mRNA level was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Changes in the level of bdnf mRNA in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala of control and experimental groups of rats of two strains were studied at different time points (24 hours, 7, 24 days, 2 months) after prolonged emotional and painful stress exposure. \u0000RESULTS: It was found that in highly excitable LT rats, a decrease in the expression of the bdnf gene in the prefrontal cortex occurs 24 hours and persists up to 7 days after exposure, in the hippocampus 2 months after exposure. In rats of the low-excitable HT strain, the decrease in bdnf mRNA was not detected. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: In highly excitable LT rats, prolonged emotional and painful stress causes a decrease in the expression of the bdnf gene in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In low-excitable rats of the HT strain, no significant decrease in the mRNA level of this neurotrophin was found in any of the studied brain regions. The possible association of this specificity of changes in the level of bdnf mRNA with a greater severity of post-stress anxiety-like behavior disorders in highly excitable rats compared with low-excitable ones is discussed.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"53 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120857580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. V. Murzina, G. A. Sofronov, A. Simbirtsev, N. Aksenova, G. G. Zagorodnikov, O. M. Veselova, Nataly-Adelgeida Zhirnova, E. V. Dmitrieva, Nicolay A. Klimov, Evgeniy V. Vorobeychikov
BACKGROUND: There is a high need for drugs to reduce the side effects of radiation exposure on people in extreme, military, marine, space medicine, at nuclear facilities, in hematology and oncology. AIM: To evaluate the antiradiation efficacy of beta-D-glucan derived from Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) after total body irradiation of mice in terms of survival and hematopoiesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on a mouse model of the acute radiation hematopoietic syndrome caused by exposure to X-rays. Radioprotective effect of intragastrically administered beta-D-glucan derived from Pleurotus ostreatus at a dose of 500 mg/kg was studied. The parameters of the 30-day survival of irradiated mice were analyzed using the KaplanMeyer method. Dose reduction factor of X-ray radiation was calculated to evaluate the radiomodifying effect. The hematopoiesis was assessed by the endogenous colony formation test and hematological parameters in irradiated mice. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software. RESULTS: The antiradiation efficacy of orally administered beta-D-glucan has been shown. DRF was 1.16 when the drug was administered 0.5 hours before irradiation and 1.06 during therapeutic use (after 1 or 2 hours). There was a decrease in weight loss in lethally irradiated mice and its faster recovery. Single oral administration of beta-D-glucan at a dose of 500 mg/kg stimulated the growth of splenic endogenous colony-forming units in mice on day 9 after total body irradiation at doses of 7 and 7.8 Gy, contributed to a decrease in the severity of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The antiradiation effect of beta-D-glucan was associated with an increase in the viability of bone marrow stem cells and a faster restoration of hematopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate the possibility of using beta-D-glucan from P. ostreatus both before irradiation to increase the radioresistance and for early therapy of the hematopoietic syndrome of acute radiation sickness.
背景:在极端、军事、海洋、空间医学、核设施、血液学和肿瘤学领域，迫切需要药物来减少辐射暴露对人体的副作用。目的:评价平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)中提取的β - d -葡聚糖对小鼠全身辐照后的生存和造血功能的影响。材料与方法:采用x射线致急性放射性造血综合征小鼠模型进行研究。研究了以500 mg/kg剂量灌胃平菇β - d -葡聚糖的辐射防护作用。采用kaplan - meyer法分析辐照小鼠30天存活参数。计算x射线辐照剂量减少因子，评价其辐照改性效果。用内源性菌落形成试验和血液学指标评价辐照小鼠的造血功能。采用Statistica 8.0软件进行统计分析。结果:口服β - d -葡聚糖具有抗辐射作用。辐照前0.5小时给药时DRF为1.16，治疗期间(1或2小时后)DRF为1.06。受致命辐射的小鼠体重减轻，恢复速度更快。单次口服500 mg/kg剂量的β - d -葡聚糖可刺激7 Gy和7.8 Gy全身照射后第9天小鼠脾内源性集落形成单位的生长，减轻白细胞减少和血小板减少的严重程度。β - d -葡聚糖的抗辐射作用与骨髓干细胞活力的增加和造血功能的更快恢复有关。结论:本研究结果提示，在放疗前使用山参β - d -葡聚糖可提高急性放射病造血综合征患者的放射抵抗力，并可用于早期治疗。
{"title":"Impact of beta-D-glucan on survival and hematopoietic parameters of mice after exposure to X-rays","authors":"E. V. Murzina, G. A. Sofronov, A. Simbirtsev, N. Aksenova, G. G. Zagorodnikov, O. M. Veselova, Nataly-Adelgeida Zhirnova, E. V. Dmitrieva, Nicolay A. Klimov, Evgeniy V. Vorobeychikov","doi":"10.17816/maj114742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj114742","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: There is a high need for drugs to reduce the side effects of radiation exposure on people in extreme, military, marine, space medicine, at nuclear facilities, in hematology and oncology. \u0000AIM: To evaluate the antiradiation efficacy of beta-D-glucan derived from Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) after total body irradiation of mice in terms of survival and hematopoiesis. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on a mouse model of the acute radiation hematopoietic syndrome caused by exposure to X-rays. Radioprotective effect of intragastrically administered beta-D-glucan derived from Pleurotus ostreatus at a dose of 500 mg/kg was studied. The parameters of the 30-day survival of irradiated mice were analyzed using the KaplanMeyer method. Dose reduction factor of X-ray radiation was calculated to evaluate the radiomodifying effect. The hematopoiesis was assessed by the endogenous colony formation test and hematological parameters in irradiated mice. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software. \u0000RESULTS: The antiradiation efficacy of orally administered beta-D-glucan has been shown. DRF was 1.16 when the drug was administered 0.5 hours before irradiation and 1.06 during therapeutic use (after 1 or 2 hours). There was a decrease in weight loss in lethally irradiated mice and its faster recovery. Single oral administration of beta-D-glucan at a dose of 500 mg/kg stimulated the growth of splenic endogenous colony-forming units in mice on day 9 after total body irradiation at doses of 7 and 7.8 Gy, contributed to a decrease in the severity of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The antiradiation effect of beta-D-glucan was associated with an increase in the viability of bone marrow stem cells and a faster restoration of hematopoiesis. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate the possibility of using beta-D-glucan from P. ostreatus both before irradiation to increase the radioresistance and for early therapy of the hematopoietic syndrome of acute radiation sickness.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"36 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131676550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This part of the review focuses on the proposed involvement of the gut microbiota in the realization of the genetic risk of multiple sclerosis, the formation of the intestinal microbiome in early life, and provides data supporting the hypothesis that aberrant formation of the intestinal microbiota in early life may be a predisposing factor to multiple sclerosis.
{"title":"The concept of endothelial transcytosis as a theoretical prerequisite for the development of prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis","authors":"N. S. Parfenova, D. Tanyanskiy","doi":"10.17816/maj321958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj321958","url":null,"abstract":"This part of the review focuses on the proposed involvement of the gut microbiota in the realization of the genetic risk of multiple sclerosis, the formation of the intestinal microbiome in early life, and provides data supporting the hypothesis that aberrant formation of the intestinal microbiota in early life may be a predisposing factor to multiple sclerosis.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114423793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Shperling, Aleksey V. Krupin, N. Arokina, O. Rogov
BACKGROUND: In accordance with the current regulations, preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of plasma substitutes for acute blood loss is carried out mainly on large laboratory animals (dogs, pigs) using a wide range of methods for assessing the structural and functional state of organs and systems of a biological object. It requires large expenditure of material resources and time, which is impractical at the stage of screening the effectiveness of newly developed infusion agents. In this regard, an urgent task is to develop a standardized model of acute blood loss on small laboratory animals for screening evaluation of the specific activity of infusion solutions with a subsequent research involving large laboratory animals. It is advisable to use laboratory rats as a biological object as they are the most suitable of the group of small laboratory animals for similarity of physiological laboratory indicators with humans. AIM: To develop a model of acute blood loss using small laboratory animals for screening evaluation of specific infusion solution activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on rats of the Vistar line with a weight of 330 41 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups: 1 experimental (20 individuals with acute blood loss simulation without treatment), 2 experimental (20 individuals with acute blood loss simulation and its replacement with Rheopolyglucin), intact (10 individuals without modeling of blood loss). The study design included: general anesthesia (intramuscular injection Zoletil 100 and Xylazin 2% in a ratio of 1 : 5 at the rate of 0.01 ml/kg of weight), catheterization of the femoral artery followed by controlled hardware exfusion of blood at a rate of 0.5 ml/min until the establishment of persistent (for 2 minutes) arterial hypotension; hardware synchronous monitoring of mean arterial pressure (MAP) (by direct tonometry through the contralateral femoral artery); calculation of the percentage of blood loss from the estimated circulating blood volume (CBV) equal to 5% of the animals weight; heart rate (HR) (by electrocardiogram) during the first three hours after blood exfusion. In its capacity as a test drug Rheopolyglucin, which was administered through an arterial femoral catheter immediately after blood exfusion in volume and speed, equal to volume and speed of exfusion, was used. Additionally, for a comprehensive assessment of the mechanisms of maintaining hemodynamic parameters individual dynamic calculated indicators for each individual are proposed: the reduced shock volume of blood and the infusion efficiency indicator. RESULTS: All rats in the experimental group died, 25% of which 1720 minutes after blood exfusion, 75% in range from 45 to 90 minutes. Rheopoliglyukin infusion reduced the death of animals by up to 35% and delayed the average death time to 4555 minutes. A single exfusion of blood in rats resulted in loss of 79 ml of blood (4651% of circulating blood volume), which was a
{"title":"Experimental model of acute blood loss using rats for screening evalution of non-specific activity of infusion solutions","authors":"I. Shperling, Aleksey V. Krupin, N. Arokina, O. Rogov","doi":"10.17816/maj109574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj109574","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In accordance with the current regulations, preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of plasma substitutes for acute blood loss is carried out mainly on large laboratory animals (dogs, pigs) using a wide range of methods for assessing the structural and functional state of organs and systems of a biological object. It requires large expenditure of material resources and time, which is impractical at the stage of screening the effectiveness of newly developed infusion agents. In this regard, an urgent task is to develop a standardized model of acute blood loss on small laboratory animals for screening evaluation of the specific activity of infusion solutions with a subsequent research involving large laboratory animals. It is advisable to use laboratory rats as a biological object as they are the most suitable of the group of small laboratory animals for similarity of physiological laboratory indicators with humans. \u0000AIM: To develop a model of acute blood loss using small laboratory animals for screening evaluation of specific infusion solution activity. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on rats of the Vistar line with a weight of 330 41 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups: 1 experimental (20 individuals with acute blood loss simulation without treatment), 2 experimental (20 individuals with acute blood loss simulation and its replacement with Rheopolyglucin), intact (10 individuals without modeling of blood loss). The study design included: general anesthesia (intramuscular injection Zoletil 100 and Xylazin 2% in a ratio of 1 : 5 at the rate of 0.01 ml/kg of weight), catheterization of the femoral artery followed by controlled hardware exfusion of blood at a rate of 0.5 ml/min until the establishment of persistent (for 2 minutes) arterial hypotension; hardware synchronous monitoring of mean arterial pressure (MAP) (by direct tonometry through the contralateral femoral artery); calculation of the percentage of blood loss from the estimated circulating blood volume (CBV) equal to 5% of the animals weight; heart rate (HR) (by electrocardiogram) during the first three hours after blood exfusion. In its capacity as a test drug Rheopolyglucin, which was administered through an arterial femoral catheter immediately after blood exfusion in volume and speed, equal to volume and speed of exfusion, was used. Additionally, for a comprehensive assessment of the mechanisms of maintaining hemodynamic parameters individual dynamic calculated indicators for each individual are proposed: the reduced shock volume of blood and the infusion efficiency indicator. \u0000RESULTS: All rats in the experimental group died, 25% of which 1720 minutes after blood exfusion, 75% in range from 45 to 90 minutes. Rheopoliglyukin infusion reduced the death of animals by up to 35% and delayed the average death time to 4555 minutes. A single exfusion of blood in rats resulted in loss of 79 ml of blood (4651% of circulating blood volume), which was a","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124244445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of many socially significant diseases. The search for new original drugs for the treatment of this condition remains an important scientific and practical task. Anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antioxidant effects of bivalve mollusks from the family of mussels (Mytilus edulis) hydrolysate and its derivatives have been described in different model systems. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of M. edulis hydrolysate on the functional activity of EA.hy926 endothelial cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The viability and metabolic activity of endothelial cells were studied in MTT-test. To investigate the proliferative activity, a test with staining of cells with crystal violet dye was used. The ability of the preparation to neutralize the toxic effect of HOCl and H2O2 was evaluated using fluorescent dyes and flow cytometry. RESULTS: It was found that the preparation did not have cytotoxicity and significantly increased the proliferation of endothelial cells in dilutions from 1:10 to 1:60. The preparation had a neutralizing effect against HOCl, and in all the studied dilutions significantly increased the viability of the endothelium. The preparation was not effective against H2O2, and increased H2O2 toxic effect in the maximal studied concentration. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory effect of M. edulis hydrolysate was not confirmed in this model system. The preparation had no effect on the IL-8 production and adhesion molecule CD54 (ICAM-1) and tissue factor CD146 the expression. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of M. edulis hydrolysate enhances the proliferation of endothelial cells and is able to neutralize HOCl toxic effects.
{"title":"Mytilus edulis hydrolysate enhances proliferation and protects endothelial cells against hypochlorous acid-induced oxidative stress","authors":"E. Starikova, J. Mammedova, O. Porembskaya","doi":"10.17816/maj114811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj114811","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of many socially significant diseases. The search for new original drugs for the treatment of this condition remains an important scientific and practical task. Anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antioxidant effects of bivalve mollusks from the family of mussels (Mytilus edulis) hydrolysate and its derivatives have been described in different model systems. \u0000AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of M. edulis hydrolysate on the functional activity of EA.hy926 endothelial cell line. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The viability and metabolic activity of endothelial cells were studied in MTT-test. To investigate the proliferative activity, a test with staining of cells with crystal violet dye was used. The ability of the preparation to neutralize the toxic effect of HOCl and H2O2 was evaluated using fluorescent dyes and flow cytometry. \u0000RESULTS: It was found that the preparation did not have cytotoxicity and significantly increased the proliferation of endothelial cells in dilutions from 1:10 to 1:60. The preparation had a neutralizing effect against HOCl, and in all the studied dilutions significantly increased the viability of the endothelium. The preparation was not effective against H2O2, and increased H2O2 toxic effect in the maximal studied concentration. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory effect of M. edulis hydrolysate was not confirmed in this model system. The preparation had no effect on the IL-8 production and adhesion molecule CD54 (ICAM-1) and tissue factor CD146 the expression. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of M. edulis hydrolysate enhances the proliferation of endothelial cells and is able to neutralize HOCl toxic effects.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121433421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L.A. Orbeli was one of the outstanding Russian physiologists, who at different times worked in the Department of Physiology of the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine under I.P. Pavlov and in St. Petersburg Marine Hospital, headed the Department of Evolutionary Physiology of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biostation in Koltushi (later on the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Pathology of Higher Nervous Activity of USSR Academy of Medical Sciences). During the Stalinist repressions he actively defended his fellow scientists, petitioning for their release. How many people were saved by L.A. Orbeli during the Stalinist terror, no one knows today. Abgar Leonovich (15.05.193920.12.2022), grandson of Leon Abgarovich, public figure and scientist, estimates that he saved at least a hundred people. Among those saved was the future Nobel Prize winner for physiology or medicine, Konrad Lorenz. Thanks to Leon Abragovichs intercession, E.M. Kreps trial for counterrevolutionary activities ended with 5 years in a labour camp, and not the highest punishment for the scientist. Thanks to him, Kreps was able to return to his scientific activities. Such activity could not remain unpunished and after the Pavlov session Orbeli was dismissed from all posts, but in 1956 he became Director of the I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology. I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology, which he headed until his death in 1958. L.A. Orbeli was one of the first native humanist, for whom humanist activity was not less important than scientific. The article is based on report of senior researcher of FGBNU IEM E.T. Zakharova Orbeli and his time, made in Academy of Sciences (SPb, Universitetskaya Embankment, 5) 07.07.2022 at the workshop dedicated to memory of academician L.A. Orbeli, timed to 140th anniversary since his birth.
{"title":"The difficult years of Leon Abgarovich Orbeli: 140th anniversary of his birth","authors":"E. Zakharova","doi":"10.17816/maj115043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/maj115043","url":null,"abstract":"L.A. Orbeli was one of the outstanding Russian physiologists, who at different times worked in the Department of Physiology of the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine under I.P. Pavlov and in St. Petersburg Marine Hospital, headed the Department of Evolutionary Physiology of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biostation in Koltushi (later on the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Pathology of Higher Nervous Activity of USSR Academy of Medical Sciences). During the Stalinist repressions he actively defended his fellow scientists, petitioning for their release. How many people were saved by L.A. Orbeli during the Stalinist terror, no one knows today. Abgar Leonovich (15.05.193920.12.2022), grandson of Leon Abgarovich, public figure and scientist, estimates that he saved at least a hundred people. Among those saved was the future Nobel Prize winner for physiology or medicine, Konrad Lorenz. Thanks to Leon Abragovichs intercession, E.M. Kreps trial for counterrevolutionary activities ended with 5 years in a labour camp, and not the highest punishment for the scientist. Thanks to him, Kreps was able to return to his scientific activities. Such activity could not remain unpunished and after the Pavlov session Orbeli was dismissed from all posts, but in 1956 he became Director of the I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology. I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology, which he headed until his death in 1958. L.A. Orbeli was one of the first native humanist, for whom humanist activity was not less important than scientific. The article is based on report of senior researcher of FGBNU IEM E.T. Zakharova Orbeli and his time, made in Academy of Sciences (SPb, Universitetskaya Embankment, 5) 07.07.2022 at the workshop dedicated to memory of academician L.A. Orbeli, timed to 140th anniversary since his birth.","PeriodicalId":342669,"journal":{"name":"Medical academic journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133155347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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