{"title":"Aphonia following general anaesthesia","authors":"Shweta Dhiman, AnjuRomina Bhalotra","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_95_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_95_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135312362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Biswas, M. Datta, K. Kar, Divyangana Mitra, P. Reddy, Anti Biswas
Background: Caesarean section (CS) rate is showing an alarming increase in India, as a result, high-risk pregnancies with previous CS are becoming more frequent. Objective: The present study compared the additional risk for previous CS among a retrospective cohort of women who had maternal near miss (MNM). Materials and Methods: Record analysis of women with MNM between April 2019 and March 2020 at the tertiary level teaching hospital of Kolkata, India. Data for the selected study variables were extracted from the patient's case record forms. The main outcome measures were crude odd's ratio for risk of post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), repeat CS and adverse birth outcome; difference of mean for units of blood products transfused, number of clinical signs and hospital stay and adjusted odds ratio for PPH. Results: In this study, 100 records were analysed. The mean age of the cohort was 27.65 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 6.25 years. Forty women had previous CS, among whom 27 (67.5%) had a single CS while 13 (32.5%) had CS twice. A number of clinical signs, duration of hospital stay, total units of packed red cells (PRBCs) and total units of blood products transfused were similar between the groups. Women with previous CS had a significantly higher risk for PPH and having a repeat CS in the present pregnancy. CS at the present pregnancy was the only predictor for PPH after adjusting for other variables. Conclusion: It is difficult to ascertain whether a patient's antepartum and intrapartum course prior to delivery is responsible for the patient's morbidity, or if the previous CS is responsible for some component of the adverse outcomes. Repeated, poor-quality, repeated, closely-spaced CS, can likely result in maternal morbidity, especially PPH. The effect of CS not only affects the incident pregnancy, but future ones as well.
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of maternal near miss and the applicability of previous caesarean section delivery as a predictor of risk at a tertiary level hospital of India","authors":"J. Biswas, M. Datta, K. Kar, Divyangana Mitra, P. Reddy, Anti Biswas","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_69_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_69_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Caesarean section (CS) rate is showing an alarming increase in India, as a result, high-risk pregnancies with previous CS are becoming more frequent. Objective: The present study compared the additional risk for previous CS among a retrospective cohort of women who had maternal near miss (MNM). Materials and Methods: Record analysis of women with MNM between April 2019 and March 2020 at the tertiary level teaching hospital of Kolkata, India. Data for the selected study variables were extracted from the patient's case record forms. The main outcome measures were crude odd's ratio for risk of post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), repeat CS and adverse birth outcome; difference of mean for units of blood products transfused, number of clinical signs and hospital stay and adjusted odds ratio for PPH. Results: In this study, 100 records were analysed. The mean age of the cohort was 27.65 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 6.25 years. Forty women had previous CS, among whom 27 (67.5%) had a single CS while 13 (32.5%) had CS twice. A number of clinical signs, duration of hospital stay, total units of packed red cells (PRBCs) and total units of blood products transfused were similar between the groups. Women with previous CS had a significantly higher risk for PPH and having a repeat CS in the present pregnancy. CS at the present pregnancy was the only predictor for PPH after adjusting for other variables. Conclusion: It is difficult to ascertain whether a patient's antepartum and intrapartum course prior to delivery is responsible for the patient's morbidity, or if the previous CS is responsible for some component of the adverse outcomes. Repeated, poor-quality, repeated, closely-spaced CS, can likely result in maternal morbidity, especially PPH. The effect of CS not only affects the incident pregnancy, but future ones as well.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"14 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49296465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rationale: Mesenteric cysts are rare abdominal tumours that can originate from any part of the mesentery of the bowel but have been found mostly in the mesentery of the small bowel. Patient Concerns: Because they lack specific clinical signs, mesenteric cysts can be difficult to diagnose. Diagnosis: Especially when there are concomitant abdominal conditions. In some circumstances, these cysts can grow to considerable sizes making resection almost impossible as different structures can be compromised. Intervention: Surgery is the treatment of choice as complete resection is the only curative treatment. Outcome: We present the case of a 27-year-old pregnant female patient who presented with recurrent abdominal pain and was discovered to have calcular cholecystitis along with a huge mesenteric cyst. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with complete excision of the mesenteric cyst without the need for bowel resection and anastomosis.
{"title":"Large mesenteric cyst from the small bowel mesentery in a young pregnant female with calcular cholecystitis","authors":"A. Al Ghrebawi, Salah Ibrahim, Gehad Bashir","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_74_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_74_22","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Mesenteric cysts are rare abdominal tumours that can originate from any part of the mesentery of the bowel but have been found mostly in the mesentery of the small bowel. Patient Concerns: Because they lack specific clinical signs, mesenteric cysts can be difficult to diagnose. Diagnosis: Especially when there are concomitant abdominal conditions. In some circumstances, these cysts can grow to considerable sizes making resection almost impossible as different structures can be compromised. Intervention: Surgery is the treatment of choice as complete resection is the only curative treatment. Outcome: We present the case of a 27-year-old pregnant female patient who presented with recurrent abdominal pain and was discovered to have calcular cholecystitis along with a huge mesenteric cyst. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with complete excision of the mesenteric cyst without the need for bowel resection and anastomosis.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"58 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49237180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nemmar, S. Al-Salam, S. Beegam, N. Zaaba, Ozaz Elzaki, J. Yasin, B. Ali
Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in numerous engineering and biomedical fields. Inhaled nanoparticles can induce lung inflammation and translocate into secondary organs including the liver. However, the possible impact of these nanoparticles on the liver received only scant attention, especially following intratracheal (i.t.) instillation in an animal model of hypertension. Aims and Objectives: Here, we evaluated the hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated AgNPs in a mouse model of hypertension. Materials and Methods: Mice were made hypertensive (HT) by inserting osmotic minipump infusing angiotensin II (ANG II) or vehicle (control) normotensive (NT). Either saline (control) or PEG-AgNPs (0.5 mg/kg) were i.t. instilled on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-ANG II or vehicle infusion. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure (day 29), lung histopathology and several markers of liver function, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis were evaluated in all mice. Results: In comparison with either saline-treated HT group or PEG-AgNPs-treated NT group, lung histology of PEG-AgNPs-treated HT mice showed more focal areas of widening of interalveolar septae with inflammatory cells consisting mainly in macrophages and neutrophil polymorphs. In PEG-AgNPs-treated HT mice, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase in plasma were increased, compared with either saline-treated HT or PEG-AgNPs-treated NT mice. Similarly, markers of hepatic oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione and catalase), inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1 β and tumour necrosis factor α), DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) were significantly increased in PEG-AgNPs-treated HT mice, compared with either saline-treated HT or PEG-AgNPs-treated NT mice. Conclusion: Our data provide novel evidence on the aggravation of liver damage following pulmonary administration of PEG-AgNPs in hypertension through mechanisms involving inflammation oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis.
{"title":"Assessment of the Hepatotoxicity of Intratracheally Instilled Silver Nanoparticles in Hypertensive Mice","authors":"A. Nemmar, S. Al-Salam, S. Beegam, N. Zaaba, Ozaz Elzaki, J. Yasin, B. Ali","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_80_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_80_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in numerous engineering and biomedical fields. Inhaled nanoparticles can induce lung inflammation and translocate into secondary organs including the liver. However, the possible impact of these nanoparticles on the liver received only scant attention, especially following intratracheal (i.t.) instillation in an animal model of hypertension. Aims and Objectives: Here, we evaluated the hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated AgNPs in a mouse model of hypertension. Materials and Methods: Mice were made hypertensive (HT) by inserting osmotic minipump infusing angiotensin II (ANG II) or vehicle (control) normotensive (NT). Either saline (control) or PEG-AgNPs (0.5 mg/kg) were i.t. instilled on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-ANG II or vehicle infusion. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure (day 29), lung histopathology and several markers of liver function, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis were evaluated in all mice. Results: In comparison with either saline-treated HT group or PEG-AgNPs-treated NT group, lung histology of PEG-AgNPs-treated HT mice showed more focal areas of widening of interalveolar septae with inflammatory cells consisting mainly in macrophages and neutrophil polymorphs. In PEG-AgNPs-treated HT mice, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase in plasma were increased, compared with either saline-treated HT or PEG-AgNPs-treated NT mice. Similarly, markers of hepatic oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione and catalase), inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1 β and tumour necrosis factor α), DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) were significantly increased in PEG-AgNPs-treated HT mice, compared with either saline-treated HT or PEG-AgNPs-treated NT mice. Conclusion: Our data provide novel evidence on the aggravation of liver damage following pulmonary administration of PEG-AgNPs in hypertension through mechanisms involving inflammation oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"39 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49456745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabina Khan, Nehal Ahmad, Rubeena Mohroo, Sujata Jetley
Rationale: Intrahepatic Biliary cystadenoma is a family of rare cystic neoplasms of liver that accounts for less than 5% of nonparasitic hepatic cystic lesions. It usually occurs in middle-aged females. It is a slowly growing benign tumor with nonspecific clinical manifestations that has malignant potential, especially those with mesenchymal ovarian stroma. Patient Concerns: 42-year-old female who presented in OPD with right upper abdominal pain associated with vomiting that was clinico-radiologically diagnosed as Hydatid cyst of the liver. Diagnosis: Exploratory laparotomy was done for the cystic lesion present in the left lobe of liver and the excised cystic tissue piece was sent for histopathological examination. A final diagnosis of Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma was made after thorough histopathological examination. Interventions: Deroofing of the cyst with partial capitonnaging with omentopexy was done. Outcome: Our patient was followed up after management and since then no abnormality or sign of recurrence was seen. This also relates to its good prognostic value. Lessons: Intrahepatic Biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma, when compared to other benign cystic lesion of the liver, have more chances of recurrence as well as malignant transformation if not completely excised. Therefore, through this case report we wish to raise awareness amongst clinicians regarding this rare cystic lesion of liver especially when surgical management of hepatic cystic lesions is considered.
{"title":"Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal (ovarian) stroma in an elderly female: A rare entity","authors":"Sabina Khan, Nehal Ahmad, Rubeena Mohroo, Sujata Jetley","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_39_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_39_23","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Intrahepatic Biliary cystadenoma is a family of rare cystic neoplasms of liver that accounts for less than 5% of nonparasitic hepatic cystic lesions. It usually occurs in middle-aged females. It is a slowly growing benign tumor with nonspecific clinical manifestations that has malignant potential, especially those with mesenchymal ovarian stroma. Patient Concerns: 42-year-old female who presented in OPD with right upper abdominal pain associated with vomiting that was clinico-radiologically diagnosed as Hydatid cyst of the liver. Diagnosis: Exploratory laparotomy was done for the cystic lesion present in the left lobe of liver and the excised cystic tissue piece was sent for histopathological examination. A final diagnosis of Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma was made after thorough histopathological examination. Interventions: Deroofing of the cyst with partial capitonnaging with omentopexy was done. Outcome: Our patient was followed up after management and since then no abnormality or sign of recurrence was seen. This also relates to its good prognostic value. Lessons: Intrahepatic Biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma, when compared to other benign cystic lesion of the liver, have more chances of recurrence as well as malignant transformation if not completely excised. Therefore, through this case report we wish to raise awareness amongst clinicians regarding this rare cystic lesion of liver especially when surgical management of hepatic cystic lesions is considered.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a granulomatous inflammation caused by chronic infection. Renal replacement lipomatosis represents a condition in which there is extensive proliferation of fat within the perirenal space and renal sinus, replacing the renal parenchyma. Coexistence of XGP and replacement lipomatosis in the same kidney is a very rare phenomenon. We report a rare such case with gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in a 61-year-old male patient who presented with gross haematuria and right flank pain.
{"title":"Renal replacement lipomatosis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: A rare coexistence","authors":"Sana Ahuja, NehaKawatra Madan, Meetu Agrawal","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_57_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_57_23","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a granulomatous inflammation caused by chronic infection. Renal replacement lipomatosis represents a condition in which there is extensive proliferation of fat within the perirenal space and renal sinus, replacing the renal parenchyma. Coexistence of XGP and replacement lipomatosis in the same kidney is a very rare phenomenon. We report a rare such case with gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in a 61-year-old male patient who presented with gross haematuria and right flank pain.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign chronic inflammatory disease of the breast. The diagnosis depends on histopathological examination after ruling out all other diseases causing granulomatous lesions. Although diagnosis by cytology is a challenging task, especially in a tuberculosis-prevalent country, it helps in early diagnosis if certain protocols are followed and helps to avoid the complications related to biopsy. Aims and Objective: In this study, 52 cases of IGM were followed retrospectively to analyse the cytological findings, which are helpful for a conclusive diagnosis of the disease. Materials and Methods: An institution-based retrospective observational study conducted over a period of 7 years, and patients with histologically proven cases of granulomatous mastitis were selected for this study. Fifty-two cases were analysed. For cytologic evaluation, parameters evaluated were – (1) presence of granulomas, (2) predominant cell of infiltration, (3) presence of fibrocapillary fragments, (4) presence or absence of caseation necrosis, (5) morphology of multinucleated giant cells and if present, (6) ductal cells – normal or atypical. Statistical Analysis: Conducted in MS Excel and R 4.2.1. Results: Epithelioid cell granuloma is the most consistent finding, as it was present in 90% of cases. Other findings such as neutrophilic infiltrate (76.9%), presence of fibrocapillary fragments (86.5%), absence of caseation necrosis (98.1%) and lack of ductal cell atypia (94.2%) carry significance in diagnosis. Conclusion: Cytological findings such as epithelioid cell granulomas with the absence of caseation necrosis, predominant neutrophilic infiltrates, presence of fibrocapillary fragments and absence of ductal cell atypia when collaborated with special stains for fungus and acid-fast bacilli, will correctly help in diagnosing IGM by fine-needle aspiration cytology.
{"title":"Role of fine-needle aspiration cytology as an inexpensive tool for diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis","authors":"Saikat Bhattacharya, Aniket Halder, Sumanta Bhattacharya, TapanJyoti Banerjee","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign chronic inflammatory disease of the breast. The diagnosis depends on histopathological examination after ruling out all other diseases causing granulomatous lesions. Although diagnosis by cytology is a challenging task, especially in a tuberculosis-prevalent country, it helps in early diagnosis if certain protocols are followed and helps to avoid the complications related to biopsy. Aims and Objective: In this study, 52 cases of IGM were followed retrospectively to analyse the cytological findings, which are helpful for a conclusive diagnosis of the disease. Materials and Methods: An institution-based retrospective observational study conducted over a period of 7 years, and patients with histologically proven cases of granulomatous mastitis were selected for this study. Fifty-two cases were analysed. For cytologic evaluation, parameters evaluated were – (1) presence of granulomas, (2) predominant cell of infiltration, (3) presence of fibrocapillary fragments, (4) presence or absence of caseation necrosis, (5) morphology of multinucleated giant cells and if present, (6) ductal cells – normal or atypical. Statistical Analysis: Conducted in MS Excel and R 4.2.1. Results: Epithelioid cell granuloma is the most consistent finding, as it was present in 90% of cases. Other findings such as neutrophilic infiltrate (76.9%), presence of fibrocapillary fragments (86.5%), absence of caseation necrosis (98.1%) and lack of ductal cell atypia (94.2%) carry significance in diagnosis. Conclusion: Cytological findings such as epithelioid cell granulomas with the absence of caseation necrosis, predominant neutrophilic infiltrates, presence of fibrocapillary fragments and absence of ductal cell atypia when collaborated with special stains for fungus and acid-fast bacilli, will correctly help in diagnosing IGM by fine-needle aspiration cytology.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Training of healthcare providers on gender-based violence has emerged as a way of teaching them how to address gender-based health inequalities in their work. For a long time, the National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) has been training healthcare professionals on gender-based violence (GBV) and policy-related issues. Aims and Objectives: The article tries to document the analysis of the decadal training programme on GBV by NIHFW on various aspects of the trainees nominated by the state health authorities or policymakers in India, with a focus on the changing scenario before and after the enactment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013. Materials and Methods: The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from 10 years gathered by NIHFW. A total of 250 healthcare providers were nominated from different states of India by the higher authorities to attend the training programme. Participants’ variables such as sex, professional qualifications and feedback in terms of narratives were analysed to compare issues that emerged before and after the enactment of the Act. Results: Two phenomena impede gender mainstreaming in the healthcare system. First, women’s participation with a limited male nomination in the gender training programmes inherently reinforces stereotypes of gender roles in the healthcare system. Second, gender training has yet to entail medical professionals’ participation, so it remains that gender is a ‘non medical’ social concern for the health professional. Conclusion: In order to achieve policy objectives, the capacity to integrate the gender divide across healthcare professionals is essential. While medical and non-medical convergence is critical in light of the health consequences of GBV, the continued exclusion of men from the capacity-building strategy will impede seamless policy implementation and gender-sensitive internalisation of organisational behaviours.
{"title":"Agenda setting of 'sexual harassment of women at workplace act, 2013:' an analysis of decadal training programme of healthcare providers on gender-based violence","authors":"Meerambika Mahapatro, MokshM Prasad, Uplabdhi Sahu","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_31_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_31_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Training of healthcare providers on gender-based violence has emerged as a way of teaching them how to address gender-based health inequalities in their work. For a long time, the National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) has been training healthcare professionals on gender-based violence (GBV) and policy-related issues. Aims and Objectives: The article tries to document the analysis of the decadal training programme on GBV by NIHFW on various aspects of the trainees nominated by the state health authorities or policymakers in India, with a focus on the changing scenario before and after the enactment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013. Materials and Methods: The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from 10 years gathered by NIHFW. A total of 250 healthcare providers were nominated from different states of India by the higher authorities to attend the training programme. Participants’ variables such as sex, professional qualifications and feedback in terms of narratives were analysed to compare issues that emerged before and after the enactment of the Act. Results: Two phenomena impede gender mainstreaming in the healthcare system. First, women’s participation with a limited male nomination in the gender training programmes inherently reinforces stereotypes of gender roles in the healthcare system. Second, gender training has yet to entail medical professionals’ participation, so it remains that gender is a ‘non medical’ social concern for the health professional. Conclusion: In order to achieve policy objectives, the capacity to integrate the gender divide across healthcare professionals is essential. While medical and non-medical convergence is critical in light of the health consequences of GBV, the continued exclusion of men from the capacity-building strategy will impede seamless policy implementation and gender-sensitive internalisation of organisational behaviours.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Glycaemic management is crucial to the effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) because it reduces or eliminates Complications caused by diabetes. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate glycaemic control and the factors that contributed to it. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive research design, and 190 patients with type 2 DM were selected through a systematic sampling process. Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire and validated in accordance with the study’s specific objectives. The acquired data were coded, put into SPSS (version 21.0 Inc., Chicago IL, USA), and subjected to Chi-square testing and descriptive analysis with a 0.05 level of significance. Results: More than half of the respondents, 64.2%, had substantial risk factors for poor glycaemic control, and the majority of respondents, 60.0%, had poor glycaemic control. The contributing factors to poor glycaemic control were patients who had been coming to the clinic for more than 10 years, poor medication adherence, forgetting to take their prescription and stopping their medication when their symptoms were under control. The study also found a significant (P = 0.05) correlation between haemoglobin A1c level, age and household income. Conclusion: Amazingly, 60.5% of patients with type 2 diabetes had inadequate glycaemic control. Age and low monthly household income compared with the cost of medications were found to have a major impact on glycaemic control. Therefore, we recommend that the government of Nigeria needs to subsidise the cost of DM medication and establish a policy and environment that will promote a better blood glucose control among people with diabetes.
背景:血糖管理对2型糖尿病(DM)的有效治疗至关重要，因为它可以减少或消除糖尿病引起的并发症。目的和目的:评价血糖控制及影响血糖控制的因素。材料与方法:本研究采用基于医院的横断面描述性研究设计，通过系统抽样方法选择190例2型糖尿病患者。数据采用自我管理的问卷收集，并根据研究的具体目标进行验证。对所得数据进行编码，放入SPSS (version 21.0 Inc.， Chicago IL, USA)软件中，卡方检验和描述性分析，显著性水平为0.05。结果:超过一半的受访者(64.2%)存在严重的血糖控制不良危险因素，大多数受访者(60.0%)血糖控制不良。导致血糖控制不佳的因素是就诊时间超过10年的患者、服药依从性差、忘记服药以及在症状得到控制后停药。研究还发现，血红蛋白A1c水平与年龄和家庭收入之间存在显著相关性(P = 0.05)。结论:令人惊讶的是，60.5%的2型糖尿病患者血糖控制不足。年龄和较低的家庭月收入与药物费用相比，被发现对血糖控制有主要影响。因此，我们建议尼日利亚政府需要补贴糖尿病药物的费用，并建立政策和环境，以促进糖尿病患者更好地控制血糖。
{"title":"Assessment of glycaemic control and associated factors among types 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending outpatients department clinic of Kubwa general hospital, Abuja","authors":"Olaolorunpo Olorunfemi, OgunleyeGrace Adedunmade","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_120_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_120_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glycaemic management is crucial to the effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) because it reduces or eliminates Complications caused by diabetes. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate glycaemic control and the factors that contributed to it. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive research design, and 190 patients with type 2 DM were selected through a systematic sampling process. Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire and validated in accordance with the study’s specific objectives. The acquired data were coded, put into SPSS (version 21.0 Inc., Chicago IL, USA), and subjected to Chi-square testing and descriptive analysis with a 0.05 level of significance. Results: More than half of the respondents, 64.2%, had substantial risk factors for poor glycaemic control, and the majority of respondents, 60.0%, had poor glycaemic control. The contributing factors to poor glycaemic control were patients who had been coming to the clinic for more than 10 years, poor medication adherence, forgetting to take their prescription and stopping their medication when their symptoms were under control. The study also found a significant (P = 0.05) correlation between haemoglobin A1c level, age and household income. Conclusion: Amazingly, 60.5% of patients with type 2 diabetes had inadequate glycaemic control. Age and low monthly household income compared with the cost of medications were found to have a major impact on glycaemic control. Therefore, we recommend that the government of Nigeria needs to subsidise the cost of DM medication and establish a policy and environment that will promote a better blood glucose control among people with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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