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Engaging Epistemic Tensions in Graduate Education 处理研究生教育中的认识论紧张关系
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/27541
Lucas Diaz, Ryan McBride, Diana Soto-Olson, Agnieszka Nance
Productive tensions with traditional academic practices develop from a graduate certificate program in community engagement at Tulane University. The program offers an alternative approach to graduate education by fostering community, epistemic justice, and care for the whole person through sustained interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary conversations and collaborations. A 2021-22 survey of current and prior program participants in the graduate certificate program documents a variety of tensions that arise when the graduate certificate program is compared to students’ other experiences with graduate school at Tulane.   Analysis relies on theories and concepts of epistemic injustice, decolonizing methodologies and community engagement, which enables interpretation of results. We find that results point to the Tulane Mellon Graduate Program in Community-Engaged Scholarship’s differences in approaches as compared to traditional graduate educational experiences at Tulane, offering insights into more ethical and humane possibilities for graduate education generally as well as particular insights into community-engaged graduate education. These insights would be useful to graduate program directors, graduate students, community-engagement advocates, and administrators interested in connecting their universities to local communities through ethically informed scholarly collaborations.   
杜兰大学的社区参与研究生证书项目与传统的学术实践产生了生产性的紧张关系。该项目为研究生教育提供了另一种方法,即通过持续的跨学科和跨学科对话与合作,促进社区、认识论正义和全人关怀。一项针对目前和以前参加过研究生证书项目的学生进行的2021-22年调查记录了当研究生证书项目与学生在杜兰大学研究生院的其他经历进行比较时所产生的各种紧张关系。 分析依赖于认识论不公正、非殖民化方法论和社区参与的理论和概念,这有助于对结果进行解释。我们发现,分析结果表明,与杜兰大学传统的研究生教育经验相比,杜兰大学梅隆社区参与式学术研究生项目的方法有所不同,这为研究生教育提供了更多伦理和人性化的可能性,同时也为社区参与式研究生教育提供了特别的见解。这些见解对于研究生项目主任、研究生、社区参与倡导者以及有兴趣通过有道德依据的学术合作将自己的大学与当地社区联系起来的管理者来说都是非常有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing Rest as Resistance 将休息作为阻力
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/27554
Dresden Frazier, Karin Cotterman
This article seeks to examine the tensions between the culture of higher education, the needs community and the ways that antiblackness and intersectionality impact students, faculty, staff and communities of color utilizing Hersey’s (2022) Rest is Resistance as a framework for analysis. Hersey offers up rest as an act of collective care, linking directly to the current and historical experience of Black Americans. She acknowledges that American capitalism was birthed on plantations, through the forced and violent labor of enslaved Black people. In opposition to white supremacist work culture, Hersey proposes that liberation “resides in our deprogramming and tapping into the power of rest and in our ability to be flexible and subversive” (Hersey, 2022, p.16). In alignment with community engaged values of decolonizing the institution and our minds, staff and faculty have the opportunity to be a model of a well worker, a person unwilling to donate their body to capitalism. Higher education professionals sit at one point of the triangle balanced between students' needs and community needs. Hersey offers one guide to unlearn grind culture and critically examine what sacrifices are asked of staff, faculty, students, and partners, as well as the consequences of those sacrifices.
本文试图利用赫西(2022 年)的 "休息即抵抗"(Rest is Resistance)作为分析框架,研究高等教育文化、需求社区之间的紧张关系,以及反黑人和交叉性对学生、教职员工和有色人种社区的影响。赫西将休息作为一种集体关怀行为,直接与美国黑人的当前和历史经历相联系。她承认,美国的资本主义诞生于种植园,是通过被奴役黑人的强迫和暴力劳动实现的。为了反对白人至上的工作文化,赫西提出,解放 "在于我们去程序化和利用休息的力量,在于我们灵活和颠覆的能力"(Hersey, 2022, p.16)。为了与社区参与的价值观保持一致,使机构和我们的思想去殖民化,教职员工有机会成为良好工人的典范,成为一个不愿意将自己的身体捐献给资本主义的人。高等教育专业人员处于学生需求与社区需求之间的三角平衡点上。赫西为我们提供了一个指南,帮助我们摆脱磨难文化,批判性地审视要求教职员工、教师、学生和合作伙伴做出的牺牲,以及这些牺牲的后果。
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引用次数: 0
Extractive Knowledge: 提取知识:
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/27552
Nancy McHugh, Samantha Kennedy, Ashley Wright
Extractive knowledge is prevalent in higher education community engagement and is a type of epistemic injustice that is harmful to the marginalized communities and community nonprofits that many universities, particularly predominately white institutions, seek to engage. Extractive knowledge results from what we can think of as transactional relationships with community members or community nonprofits. These are largely superficial but impactful, relationships that perpetuate injustice in higher education spaces that imagine themselves to be working to create greater justice. This paper has two aims: 1. To develop the concept of extractive knowledge in community engagement, showing the ways that it is a type of epistemic injustice. 2. To share strategies and examples for more epistemically just approaches to community engagement that shape knowledge in ways that are epistemically responsible, in partnership with communities, and in alignment with community goals and outcomes.  We provide the Fitz Center for Leadership in Community Practice Principles as an approach that can move higher education institutions toward transformative community engagement.  The paper finishes with the Fitz Center’s Health Equity Program and another partnership as examples of the use of these Practice Principles to leading toward reciprocal, responsible, community-driven, transformational community engagement.
榨取性知识在高等教育社区参与中非常普遍,是一种认识论上的不公正,对许多大学,尤其是白人占主导地位的大学试图参与的边缘化社区和社区非营利组织有害。榨取性知识产生于我们与社区成员或社区非营利组织之间的交易关系。这些关系大多是肤浅的,但却影响深远,使那些自诩致力于创造更大正义的高等教育机构中的不公正现象长期存在。本文有两个目的:1.提出社区参与中的抽取性知识概念,说明它是一种认识论上的不公正。2.2. 分享在认识论上更加公正的社区参与方法的策略和实例,这些方法以在认识论上负责任的方式塑造知识,与社区合作,并与社区目标和成果保持一致。 我们提供了菲茨社区实践领导力中心的原则,作为高等教育机构走向变革性社区参与的一种方法。 最后,本文以菲茨中心的健康公平项目和另一个合作项目为例,说明如何利用这些实践原则,引导实现互惠、负责、社区驱动、变革性的社区参与。
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引用次数: 0
Many Bumps in the Road 道路上的许多坎坷
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/28024
Shallegra Moye
Scholars deem university partnerships with public schools as an innovative opportunity to marry research and practice. In part, because they can support the development and implementation of evidence-based interventions that improve school culture, academics, and community participation. However, what is less discussed are the barriers and challenges of bringing two vastly different organizations, such as a university and public school together for partnership. Practitioners and scholars document even less about how street level bureaucrats, those delivering programs within and across complex organizations that make up the partnership see, experience, and navigate the barriers. The Heinz Fellows were on the ground in public schools, on behalf of the university, navigating those barriers and challenges that were a blend of unforeseen circumstances, unaccounted for realities, and underestimation of systems “as usual.” As noted by Ahmed (2012), school systems like other institutions become an accumulation of historical activity. Street Level Bureaucracy theory (Weatherley & Lipsky, 1977) examines how frontline workers, such as Heinz Fellows traverse between and betwixt complex environments with little direct supervision and employing discretion and coping to accomplish program goals. Alas, hindsight is twenty-twenty. It is from a post-partnership lens, that productive tensions, uncomfortable conversations, and a clearer path forward is advanced to navigate the tensions of university/public school partnerships. A clearer path forward must begin with a pre-partnership assessment of each organization’s strengths, limitations, and resources.
学者们认为,大学与公立学校的合作是将研究与实践相结合的创新机会。部分原因是,它们可以支持循证干预措施的开发和实施,从而改善学校文化、学术和社区参与。然而,人们较少讨论的是将大学和公立学校这两个迥然不同的组织联合起来开展合作所面临的障碍和挑战。实践者和学者们甚至更少记录基层官僚,即那些在组成合作关系的复杂组织内和组织间实施项目的人是如何看待、经历和驾驭这些障碍的。海因茨研究员代表大学在公立学校实地考察,应对这些障碍和挑战,而这些障碍和挑战是由不可预见的情况、未考虑到的现实以及对 "一如既往 "的系统的低估所造成的。正如艾哈迈德(2012)所指出的,学校系统与其他机构一样,都是历史活动的积累。街道官僚机构理论(Weatherley & Lipsky, 1977)研究了一线工作人员(如海因茨研究员)如何在几乎没有直接监督的情况下,在复杂的环境中穿梭往返,运用自由裁量权和应对措施来实现项目目标。唉,事后诸葛亮。从合作后的视角出发,我们可以看到富有成效的紧张关系、令人不安的对话,以及更清晰的前进道路,从而驾驭大学与公立学校合作的紧张关系。更清晰的前进道路必须从合作前对每个组织的优势、局限性和资源的评估开始。
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引用次数: 0
Difficult Conversation 困难对话
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/27992
Richard Guarasci
Apart from all the legal semantics, the recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions on affirmative action and student debt, when considered together, are, in effect, an attack on economic justice. The social brunt of both decisions likely will impact student access, affordability and educational attainment significantly, particularly for those at the perimeters of the American economy. In the name of increasing opportunity, the Supreme Court’s “originalist” majority opinion claims that a “race-free” approach eliminates discrimination in college admissions. The minority opinion of Judge Jackson refuted this ahistorical claim by restating that the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution, most definitely a race-specific one, addressed the racial foundations of a formal bondage system of legalized slavery in the United States. The Fourteenth clearly acknowledges the need to rebalance the legal playing field to establish a realistic “equality of opportunity.” A century later, the policy of affirmative action aimed at continuing that process after years of the Jim Crow practice of “separate but equal” that was established in the Court’s 1896 decision in Plessy v Ferguson. By 2023, it is clear that racial inequality remains embedded in the American educational system and throughout its economy and society.
除了所有法律语义之外,美国最高法院最近关于平权法案和学生债务的裁决,如果放在一起考虑,实际上是对经济正义的攻击。这两项裁决所带来的社会冲击可能会对学生的入学机会、经济承受能力和受教育程度产生重大影响,尤其是对那些处于美国经济边缘的学生而言。最高法院的 "原创主义 "多数意见以增加机会为名,声称 "无种族 "的方法消除了大学录取中的歧视。杰克逊法官的少数意见反驳了这一不符合历史的主张,重申美国宪法第十四修正案无疑是针对特定种族的修正案,它解决了美国合法化奴隶制的正式奴役制度的种族基础问题。第十四修正案明确承认有必要重新平衡法律竞争环境,以建立现实的 "机会平等"。一个世纪后,平权行动政策旨在继续这一进程,而多年来吉姆-克劳人的 "隔离但平等 "做法是由法院在 1896 年的 "普莱西诉弗格森案 "判决中确立的。到 2023 年,种族不平等显然仍然根植于美国的教育体系以及整个经济和社会。
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引用次数: 0
People-Place Dilemma: The Challenge for Anchor Networks in Legacy Cities 人地困境:传统城市锚点网络面临的挑战
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/27454
Todd Swanstrom, Ifeanyi Ukpabi, Elaina Johns-Wolfe
Anchor movements rest on the premise that people- and place-based initiatives can be mutually reinforcing.  The community development movement, however, has been haunted for years by the people-place dilemma – the idea that efforts to help people harm efforts to uplift places and vice versa.  This article examines the people-place dilemma through a case study of the St. Louis Anchor Action Network (STLAAN), a collaboration of 16 anchor institutions.  St. Louis is a classic legacy city that once enjoyed rapid growth but is now characterized by falling population size and high poverty.  The heart of the people-place dilemma in legacy cities is that efforts to help people in disinvested communities may enable them to move somewhere else, leaving behind poorer communities.  We document longstanding trends that have drained STLAAN’s focus geography of people and resources, as well as more recent growth of an “eds and meds” economy that presents an opportunity to address decades of disinvestment and decline.  We examine STLAAN’s efforts to invest in its focus geography and the people who live there, drawing lessons for anchor work, especially in legacy cities. Our research underscores the importance of data, social commitments, community engagement, and research.
锚定运动的前提是,以人为本和以地方为本的举措可以相辅相成。 然而,多年来,社区发展运动一直被 "人地困境 "所困扰,即帮助人的努力会损害提升地方的努力,反之亦然。 本文通过对圣路易斯锚点行动网络(STLAAN)的案例研究来探讨人地困境,该网络由16个锚点机构合作组成。 圣路易斯是一座典型的传统城市,曾经发展迅猛,但现在人口数量下降,贫困率居高不下。 传统城市人地困境的核心在于,帮助投资不足社区居民的努力可能会使他们迁移到其他地方,留下更贫困的社区。 我们记录了导致 STLAAN 重点地域人口和资源枯竭的长期趋势,以及最近 "编辑和奖牌 "经济的增长,这为解决数十年的投资不足和衰退问题提供了机会。 我们研究了 STLAAN 为投资其重点地区和生活在那里的人们所做的努力,为锚点工作,尤其是传统城市的锚点工作提供了借鉴。我们的研究强调了数据、社会承诺、社区参与和研究的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Productive Tensions and Uncomfortable Conversations 有成效的紧张关系和不愉快的对话
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/28066
Matthew S. Durington, Jennifer L. Britton, Katherine A. Feely
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引用次数: 0
Navigating the Tensions of Community Engagement Evaluation through Culturally Responsive and Equity-Oriented Approaches 通过注重文化和公平的方法应对社区参与评估的紧张局势
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/28044
Paul Kuttner, Kunga Denzongpa, Alan Wells
For decades, community-campus partnerships have helped transform traditional notions of research. Through approaches such as community-based participatory research (CBPR), decolonizing methodologies, and participatory action research (PAR), community and academic partners have expanded the confines of expertise, centering local, experiential, Indigenous, and professional knowledge in research (Fine & Torre, 2021; Minkler & Wallerstein, 2011; Stanton, 2014). Voices in our field have challenged narrow conceptualizations of who is a “researcher” (Blodgett et al., 2011; Ishimaru & Bang, 2022), redefined concepts like validity to account for the process and impact of research-in-action (Anderson & Herr, 1999; Torre et al., 2012), critiqued racist and colonial practices embedded in traditional research approaches (Chilisa, 2019; Darroch & Giles, 2014), and expanded what research products look like beyond the narrow confines of academic publishing (Chen et al., 2010).
几十年来,社区与校园的合作伙伴关系帮助改变了传统的研究观念。通过基于社区的参与式研究(CBPR)、非殖民化方法论和参与式行动研究(PAR)等方法,社区和学术合作伙伴扩大了专业知识的范围,将本地、经验、土著和专业知识作为研究的中心(Fine & Torre, 2021; Minkler & Wallerstein, 2011; Stanton, 2014)。本领域有声音质疑关于谁是 "研究者 "的狭隘概念(Blodgett 等人,2011 年;Ishimaru & Bang,2022 年),重新定义了有效性等概念,以说明行动研究的过程和影响(Anderson & Herr,1999 年;Torre 等人,2012 年),批判种族主义、种族歧视和仇外心理、2012),批判传统研究方法中的种族主义和殖民主义做法(Chilisa, 2019; Darroch & Giles, 2014),并将研究产品的范围扩大到学术出版的狭隘范围之外(Chen et al.)
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引用次数: 0
Family-Centered Theory of Change 以家庭为中心的变革理论
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/27550
Juan Salinas, Parwinder Grewal, Jose Gutierrez, Nicolas Pereyra, Dagoberto Ramirez, Elizabeth Salinas, Griselda Salinas, Virginia Santana, Can Saygin
Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) are often characterized as Hispanic enrolling (rather than serving) that practice deficit-based systems that continue to marginalize Hispanics and other underrepresented students, especially in STEM fields.  Extant research on HSIs stresses the importance of investigations into the value of grassroots advocacy groups as external influencers of institutional servingness through deeper engagement with the Hispanic community. Using a novel Family-Centered Theory of Change (FCTC) that addresses diversity, equity, and inclusion, we integrated concepts of intersectionality and servingness into a Family Integrated Education Serving and Transforming Academia (FIESTA) framework. We investigated the potential transformational impact of FIESTA on students, families, faculty, and administrators at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), an institution with over 90 % Hispanic population. Preliminary findings shed light on how the FIESTA framework can help reshape an HSI’s identity from “Hispanic enrolling” to a true Hispanic-Serving Institution through Family-Centered Pedagogy. The Family-Centered Pedagogy was defined as the enrichment of the learning experience in which students complement their own instruction by drawing from the experience and ancestral knowledge of their families, supported by the FCTC developed by AVE Frontera, our community partner.​ 
西语裔服务机构(HSIs)通常被描述为西语裔入学机构(而非服务机构),这些机构实行以赤字为基础的制度,继续将西语裔和其他代表性不足的学生边缘化,特别是在科学、技术、工程和数学领域。关于 HSIs 的现有研究强调,必须通过与拉美裔社区的深入接触,调查基层宣传团体作为机构服务性外部影响因素的价值。我们采用新颖的 "以家庭为中心的变革理论"(FCTC)来解决多样性、公平性和包容性问题,并将交叉性和服务性的概念整合到 "家庭综合教育服务和学术变革"(FIESTA)框架中。我们调查了 FIESTA 对德克萨斯大学里奥格兰德河谷分校(UTRGV)的学生、家庭、教师和管理人员的潜在变革影响。初步研究结果揭示了 FIESTA 框架如何通过以家庭为中心的教学法,帮助重塑西班牙裔服务机构的身份,从 "西班牙裔入学 "转变为真正的西班牙裔服务机构。以家庭为中心的教学法被定义为丰富学生的学习体验,学生在社区合作伙伴 AVE Frontera 开发的 FCTC 的支持下,通过汲取家庭的经验和祖先的知识来补充自己的教学。
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引用次数: 0
Toward (Racial) Justice-in-the-Doing of Place-Based Community Engagement 在以地方为基础的社区参与中实现(种族)正义
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.18060/27561
Tami Moore, Lindsey P. Abernathy, Gregory C. Robinson, Marshan Marick, Michael Stout, Ph.D Matthew Durington, Jennifer L. Britton, Katherine A. Feely
Community and campus partners benefit from place-based community engagement to enact a commitment to racial equity and community-driven decision making. Racial equity is paramount in place-based community engagement. However, very little attention has been given to the ways whiteness in the ideological foundations of higher education shapes the work lives of professionals, faculty, and the collaborations they form to address community issues. Thus, the commitment to racial equity will be no more than words without the necessary work toward the #relationshipgoal of disrupting hegemonic whiteness as a shaping force in community-university interactions. The purpose of this case study is to foreground the paradoxes of whiteness-at-work in an informal place-based community engagement collaboration between the Center for Public Life at Oklahoma State University-Tulsa and members of the historic Greenwood community in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The case study design reflected participatory action research; data sources included semi- and unstructured interviews, field notes from participant observation, artifacts and documents, researcher journals and participant reflections.  Reading this case with an eye to whiteness-at-work underscores the necessity of acknowledging the power of the university to determine the culture of the partnership and taking necessary steps to disrupt the practices which serve to devalue local communities and their ways of being, knowing, and doing to address the issues they prioritize. Doing the internal, interpersonal, and institutional work to disrupt hegemonic whiteness is the justice-in-the-doing in place-based community engagement that may garner the racial equity to which we aspire.
社区和校园合作伙伴从基于地方的社区参与中获益,从而做出种族公平和社区驱动决策的承诺。种族公平在地方社区参与中至关重要。然而,人们很少关注高等教育意识形态基础中的白人因素如何影响专业人员、教师的工作生活以及他们为解决社区问题而形成的合作关系。因此,如果不努力实现#关系目标,即打破霸权白人在社区-大学互动中的影响,那么种族平等的承诺将只是空谈。本案例研究的目的是,在俄克拉荷马州立大学图尔萨分校公共生活中心与俄克拉荷马州图尔萨市历史悠久的格林伍德社区成员之间的非正式地方社区参与合作中,强调白人在工作中的悖论。案例研究设计反映了参与式行动研究;数据来源包括半结构式和非结构式访谈、参与者观察的现场记录、人工制品和文件、研究者日志和参与者反思。 在阅读本案例时,要注意工作中的白化现象,强调必须承认大学在决定合作文化方面的权力,并采取必要的措施,打破那些贬低当地社区及其生存、认知和行为方式的做法,以解决他们优先考虑的问题。开展内部、人际和机构工作,打破霸权的白人主义,是以地方为基础的社区参与中的正义之举,可能会获得我们所渴望的种族平等。
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引用次数: 0
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Metropolitan Universities
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