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Long-term Effects of STEM Enrichment Programs on Wage Differentials Among Under-Represented Minority Students STEM强化项目对少数族裔学生工资差异的长期影响
Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.18060/26063
Dina Ghazzawi, Donna Pattison, C. Horn
This study focuses on the increasing disparities in STEM education achievement and long-term wage earnings of under-represented minority groups. As part of national efforts to improve the diversity of the STEM workforce, this study uses longitudinal data from the University of Houston’s Education Research Center (UH-ERC) to examine the effect of participation in a STEM focused intervention program (Houston-Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation) on wage earnings across students from traditionally under-represented groups. Data analysis consisted of propensity score matching analysis, followed by an ordinal logistic regression model to measure program participation effects on wage earnings. Findings indicate a significant negative association between participation in STEM intervention program and long-term wage earnings. Results highlight the role of structural racism and human capital on perpetuating achievement and wage gaps across race and socio-economic status. Recommendations focus on career-preparedness as a tool to increase the human capital of under-represented groups, and institutional shifts in policy and program components that strive to reduce the impact of structural racism on this subpopulation of students.
本研究重点关注代表性不足的少数群体在STEM教育成就和长期工资收入方面日益扩大的差距。作为国家努力提高STEM劳动力多样性的一部分,本研究使用休斯顿大学教育研究中心(UH-ERC)的纵向数据来研究参与STEM重点干预计划(休斯顿-路易斯斯托克斯少数民族参与联盟)对传统上代表性不足群体学生工资收入的影响。数据分析包括倾向得分匹配分析,然后采用有序逻辑回归模型来衡量计划参与对工资收入的影响。研究结果表明,参与STEM干预计划与长期工资收入之间存在显著的负相关。研究结果突出了结构性种族主义和人力资本在种族和社会经济地位之间的成就和工资差距持续存在方面的作用。建议侧重于将职业准备作为一种工具,以增加代表性不足群体的人力资本,并在政策和项目组成部分进行制度性转变,努力减少结构性种族主义对这一学生群体的影响。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Reflections of Hyperlocal, Placed-Based Engagement COVID-19对超本地、基于地点的参与的反思
Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.18060/25833
Daren Ellerbee, J. Kirby, Paul J. Kuttner, L. Schwartzentruber, Ashley Valis, L. Dostilio
The degree to which Universities could nimbly and effectively respond to the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on their local communities depended upon the structure and orientation of their community engagement infrastructure. Institutions that support a hyperlocal form of place-based engagement were uniquely positioned to harness their extensive place-based organizational networks, intimate knowledge of community assets, and existing paths to leverage institutional resources to work alongside neighbors, residents, organizational leaders, elected officials, elders, youth and families committed to everyone’s thriving through the COVID-19 crises. Hyperlocal, place-based engagement describes an engagement approach within higher education in which a university’s community engagement efforts are focused on a bounded area, such as a neighborhood, within a larger city or metropolitan region, and are aligned with that community’s development goals (Dostilio, Ohmer, McFadden, Mathew, & Finkelstein, 2019). These efforts typically advance two goals: to a) position the institution to partner with, and add value to, community building efforts undertaken by the neighborhood being engaged and b) to enhance and accelerate the institution’s ability to forge mutually-beneficial alliances and mobilize knowledge production. Because these efforts are long-term, they create unique conditions for engagement that proved to accelerate community-campus engagements to address COVID-19 impacts.    The Community Engagement Professionals (Dostilio, 2017) who lead hyperlocal engagement activities were particularly crucial to their institution’s COVID-19 community responses. At the time of the pandemic, a group of such professionals had been meeting as a learning community to exchange promising practices of hyperlocal engagement.   This article is written from the perspective of these professionals, endeavoring to reflect on how their work to steward hyperlocal approaches was challenged and affirmed through the COVID-19 pandemic.
大学能够灵活有效地应对新冠肺炎危机对当地社区的影响的程度取决于其社区参与基础设施的结构和方向。支持超地方形式的地方参与的机构处于独特的地位,能够利用其广泛的地方组织网络、对社区资产的深入了解,以及利用机构资源与邻居、居民、组织领导人、民选官员、长者、,青年和家庭致力于让每个人在新冠肺炎危机中茁壮成长。超地方性、基于地点的参与描述了高等教育中的一种参与方法,在这种方法中,大学的社区参与努力集中在一个较大城市或大都市区域内的一个有限区域,如社区,并与该社区的发展目标相一致(Dostilio,Ohmer,McFadden,Mathew,&Finkelstein,2019)。这些努力通常会推进两个目标:a)将机构定位为与参与社区建设的社区合作,并为其增加价值;b)增强和加快机构建立互利联盟和动员知识生产的能力。由于这些努力是长期的,它们为参与创造了独特的条件,事实证明,这些条件加速了社区-校园参与,以应对新冠肺炎的影响。领导超地方参与活动的社区参与专业人员(Dostilio,2017)对其机构的新冠肺炎社区应对尤为关键。在疫情爆发时,一群这样的专业人士一直在作为一个学习社区开会,交流有希望的超地方参与实践。这篇文章是从这些专业人士的角度撰写的,试图反思他们管理超地方方法的工作是如何在新冠肺炎大流行中受到挑战和肯定的。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections by Community Partners of Hong Kong-based Universities on Key Process Variables in Service-Learning: An Exploratory Study 香港大学社区伙伴对服务学习关键过程变量的思考:一项探索性研究
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.18060/26113
K. Lau, R. Snell, Maureen Yin Lee Chan, Cynthia Lok Sum Yeung
  This research study aims to validate the typology of process variables salient in service-learning projects proposed by Snell and Lau (2023) with empirical evidence. The study employed a qualitative approach by interviewing partner organization representatives (PORs) from 11 local and two international community partner organizations (CPOs), which had a history of collaboration in various service-learning projects with four universities based in Hong Kong. Our analysis identified five key factors that were perceived to be conducive to the success of service-learning projects. These positive factors were: student ownership and initiative, positive roles for PORs and their staff; an established collaborative relationship between the CPO and university; university unit-provided support and preparation for students; and instructor commitment. These factors confirmed several variables in the Snell and Lau (2023) typology, and relationships among these factors were identified. Interviewees identified factors impeding effective service, including the absence of some success factors, failure to align community/CPO needs and instructor requirements, and insufficient time parameters for the service. In our discussion of the findings, we infer some possible causal relationships among the positive factors. Limitations of the present study are discussed, and directions for further research are suggested. 
本研究旨在用经验证据验证Snell和Lau(2023)提出的服务学习项目中突出的过程变量类型。研究采用质性方法,访问了来自11个本地及两个国际社区伙伴机构的伙伴机构代表,这些机构均曾与本港四所大学合作推行多项服务学习计划。我们的分析确定了五个被认为有助于服务学习项目成功的关键因素。这些积极因素包括:学生的自主性和主动性,学校及其员工的积极作用;与大学建立合作关系;大学单位为学生提供支持和准备;以及教师的承诺。这些因素证实了Snell和Lau(2023)类型学中的几个变量,并确定了这些因素之间的关系。受访者确定了阻碍有效服务的因素,包括缺乏一些成功因素,未能使社区/CPO的需求与教师的要求保持一致,以及服务的时间参数不足。在我们对研究结果的讨论中,我们推断出积极因素之间可能存在的因果关系。讨论了本研究的局限性,并提出了进一步研究的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the Community Impact Feedback Questionnaire for Service-Learning: A Delphi Study 服务学习社区影响反馈问卷的编制:德尔菲研究
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.18060/26112
K. Lau, R. Snell
Community impacts of service-learning have gone largely unexamined by researchers, partly because of the absence of a well-established feedback tool. This study is a step toward filling this research gap by developing and validating the Community Impact Feedback Questionnaire (CIFQ) as a means for collecting feedback from partner organization representatives (PORs) on the impacts of particular service-learning projects on community partner organizations (CPOs) and, where applicable, end-beneficiaries. The CIFQ contains items about three categories of impact on CPOs, corresponding to a conceptual model developed by Snell & Lau (2022). These are: a) achieving project goals to further the CPO’s mission; b) augmenting resources of the CPO; and c) acquiring knowledge, insights, ideas, and techniques.There are also items on impacts for end-beneficiaries, overall impact evaluations, and future engagement. The CIFQ was validated with the Delphi method by inviting 16 practitioner panelists, mainly from CPOs, with prior involvement in service-learning. Three Delphi survey rounds helped refine the CIFQ as a tool for capturing the community impacts on CPOs and end beneficiaries arising from service-learning. Possible reasons for controversy and non-retention are discussed.
服务学习对社区的影响在很大程度上没有得到研究人员的检验,部分原因是缺乏完善的反馈工具。本研究通过开发和验证社区影响反馈问卷(CIFQ)来收集合作伙伴组织代表(por)对特定服务学习项目对社区合作伙伴组织(cpo)和(如适用)最终受益者的影响的反馈,从而朝着填补这一研究空白迈出了一步。CIFQ包含了对cpo影响的三大类项目,与Snell & Lau(2022)开发的概念模型相对应。它们是:a)实现项目目标以推进CPO的使命;b)增加警务处的资源;c)获取知识、见解、想法和技术。还有关于对最终受益者的影响、总体影响评估和未来参与的项目。CIFQ采用德尔菲法进行验证,邀请了16名从业人员小组成员,主要来自cpo,之前参与过服务学习。三轮德尔菲调查帮助完善了CIFQ,使其成为一种工具,用于捕捉社区对CPOs和服务学习产生的最终受益者的影响。讨论了争议和不保留的可能原因。
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引用次数: 0
Developing Equitable and Mutually Beneficial Virtual Community-Engaged Learning Opportunities 发展公平互利的虚拟社区参与学习机会
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.18060/26369
Casey A. Knifsend, C. Choe-Smith
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an abrupt shift to virtual community-university partnerships for many community partners, instructors teaching community-engaged learning courses, and students. This shift exacerbated challenges to fostering mutually beneficial, equitable community-university partnerships, potentially affecting access to and participation in programs benefiting K-12 and college students alike. This paper discusses the Writing Partners letter exchange program, highlighting how challenges were considered and addressed, as well as ways we could improve in future semesters of community-engaged learning. Assessment data using surveys suggested challenges related to exchanging letters virtually and use of videos in lieu of an in-person university campus tour. Solutions included partnership meetings and early planning for future virtual events. We then discuss lessons learned and future directions for mutually beneficial and equitable community-university partnerships that could involve virtual work for various reasons. This paper adds to emerging literature which shares experiences related to virtual community-engaged learning. Sharing our experiences and lessons learned through the Writing Partners program will inform educators and administrators interested in implementing similar letter exchange programs, as well as those interested in learning more about community-university partnerships in the virtual space.
新冠肺炎大流行迫使许多社区合作伙伴、教授社区参与学习课程的教师和学生突然转向虚拟社区-大学伙伴关系。这一转变加剧了培养互利、公平的社区大学伙伴关系的挑战,可能会影响K-12和大学生参与项目的机会。本文讨论了写作伙伴信件交流计划,强调了如何考虑和解决挑战,以及我们在未来几个学期的社区参与学习中可以改进的方法。使用调查的评估数据表明,在虚拟交换信件和使用视频代替亲自参观大学校园方面存在挑战。解决方案包括伙伴关系会议和对未来虚拟活动的早期规划。然后,我们讨论了互利和公平的社区大学伙伴关系的经验教训和未来方向,这些伙伴关系可能因各种原因涉及虚拟工作。本文补充了新兴文献,这些文献分享了与虚拟社区参与学习相关的经验。分享我们通过写作伙伴计划获得的经验和教训,将有助于教育工作者和管理人员了解类似的信件交流计划,以及那些有兴趣在虚拟空间中了解更多社区大学伙伴关系的人。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the impact of diversity training on the development and application of cultural competence skills in higher education professionals 探讨多元化培训对高等教育专业人员文化能力技能发展和应用的影响
Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.18060/25334
Kendra Cabler
This study explores how higher education professionals develop and demonstrate cultural competence in their professional roles.  Through a mixed methods case-study approach, the study investigates how perceived levels of cultural competence in higher education professionals is shaped by participation in an extended diversity training program. Additionally, this study explores implications for individual career trajectories as a result of program completion and implementation of new learning. Study findings indicate that participants anticipate lasting effects from the training experience. The training introduced and ignited a reconfiguration of what it means to engage and work in spaces where institutional and organizational commitments are aligned with personal commitments. Following training, all participants expressed deep commitment to intentionally and actively cultivating a sense of belonging and inclusion in the workplace through shared language, shifts in policy, and more thoughtful interpersonal interactions with colleagues and peers.
本研究探讨了高等教育专业人员如何在其职业角色中发展和展示文化能力。通过混合方法的案例研究方法,本研究调查了高等教育专业人员的文化能力感知水平是如何通过参与扩展的多样性培训计划而形成的。此外,本研究还探讨了项目完成和新学习实施对个人职业轨迹的影响。研究结果表明,参与者预计培训经验会产生持久的影响。培训引入并引发了对在机构和组织承诺与个人承诺相一致的空间中参与和工作意味着什么的重新配置。培训结束后,所有参与者都表示,他们将通过共享语言、政策转变以及与同事和同事进行更深思熟虑的人际互动,有意积极地培养工作场所的归属感和包容性。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-Racism, Equity, and Inclusion at Urban Institutions: An Introduction to the Special Topic Issue 城市机构的反种族主义、公平与包容:专题问题导论
Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.18060/26508
Jeffrey Wilson, Tiffany Towsend, Rosalyn Hobson Hargraves, Sylvia Butler, K. Allison
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引用次数: 1
Anchored or Detached? A Student Commentary on Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion at Urban Institutions 锚定还是分离?学生对城市机构的公平、多样性和包容性的评论
Pub Date : 2022-06-19 DOI: 10.18060/26300
A. Parks, Gerron Scott, Chariz Seijo, Troy Keys
In 2020, Americans witnessed the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impact the most minoritized groups. Concurrently, the innumerable police killings of Black Americans re-ignited racial justice protests across the world. As a result, students, faculty, and staff observed a rapid push by administrations to enact diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives and commit to creating more equitable and inclusive climates. Since higher education's inception, urban anchor institutions have played an integral role in the political, social, and economic well-being of their surrounding communities. After 2020, as the distance between universities and their surrounding communities continues to expand, it’s as critical as ever for urban and metropolitan universities to dismantle the pervasive inequities that torment their students and surrounding communities. Although numerous anchor institutions have expressed their commitment to DEI initiatives in recent years, minoritized students, faculty, and staff continue to face systemic barriers to academic and professional achievement and overall well-being. Given this discrepancy, we, four graduate students from an urban anchor institution, were invited to provide recommendations for universities to dismantle inequities and provide a more inclusive, anti-racist environment for its students. As such, we address three concerns: increasing the diversity of faculty and staff, correcting housing and medical injustices of the past, and remodeling campus safety and policing. Our commentary also provides actionable steps for urban anchor universities to address these challenges, particularly for minoritized students and communities.
2020年,美国人目睹了新冠肺炎疫情对最少数群体的不成比例的影响。与此同时,无数警察杀害美国黑人的事件再次引发了世界各地的种族正义抗议。因此,学生、教师和工作人员观察到,行政部门迅速推动制定多样性、公平性和包容性(DEI)倡议,并致力于创造更公平和包容的环境。自高等教育成立以来,城市锚定机构在其周边社区的政治、社会和经济福祉中发挥了不可或缺的作用。2020年后,随着大学与周边社区之间的距离不断扩大,城市和大都市大学消除困扰学生和周边社区的普遍不平等现象一如既往地至关重要。尽管近年来许多主要机构表达了对DEI倡议的承诺,但少数族裔学生、教职员工在学术和专业成就以及整体幸福感方面仍然面临系统性障碍。鉴于这种差异,我们,四名来自城市支柱机构的研究生,被邀请为大学提供建议,以消除不平等现象,并为学生提供一个更具包容性、反种族主义的环境。因此,我们解决了三个问题:增加教职员工的多样性,纠正过去的住房和医疗不公正现象,以及重塑校园安全和治安。我们的评论还为城市骨干大学提供了应对这些挑战的可行步骤,特别是对少数族裔学生和社区。
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引用次数: 0
Operationalizing Antiracism in Higher Education Community Engagement 在高等教育社区参与中实施反种族主义
Pub Date : 2022-06-19 DOI: 10.18060/25333
Stella Smith, Kristin Medlin, L. Wendling
Higher education must move beyond statements of solidarity towards action to support antiracist work at institutions.  Although these statements of support are laudable, it can be challenging to successfully operationalize antiracism across all levels of an institution (individuals, activities/programs, courses, units, and entire institutions) and with all stakeholders (faculty, staff, students, and community partners).  We suggest that community engagement is a key overlooked strategy and method for advancing antiracist agendas within institutions.  Examples of how antiracist work actually manifests through community-university partnerships can help identify successful outcomes of antiracist practices and policies. This article will share findings from a series of dialogues engaging over 250 participants about the intersection of engagement and antiracism, and share a call to develop a set of metrics to assess and measure antiracism in higher education community engagement.
高等教育必须超越团结声明,采取行动支持各机构的反种族主义工作。尽管这些支持声明值得称赞,但要在一个机构的各个层面(个人、活动/项目、课程、单位和整个机构)以及所有利益相关者(教职员工、学生和社区合作伙伴)成功实施反种族主义可能是一项挑战。我们认为,社区参与是在机构内推进反种族主义议程的一个被忽视的关键战略和方法。反种族主义工作如何通过社区-大学伙伴关系实际体现的例子可以帮助确定反种族主义做法和政策的成功成果。本文将分享250多名参与者参与的一系列对话的结果,这些对话涉及参与和反种族主义的交叉点,并呼吁制定一套指标来评估和衡量高等教育社区参与中的反种族主义。
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引用次数: 1
Academic Center Partnership with Health Department and Church to Rapidly Deploy COVID-19 Vaccine POD Reaching Underserved Populations 学术中心与卫生部和教会合作,快速部署COVID-19疫苗POD,覆盖服务不足的人群
Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.18060/25692
Gale E Garmong, B. Calhoun, A. Colbert, Victor Grigsby, J. Mann, Annie Nagy, Brittani Namey, M. Parish, Jennifer Elliott
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted people of color, underscoring the importance of equity in the public health response. The Duquesne University Center for Integrative Health (DUCIH) is a university-wide center focused on training future practitioners and improving health equity in the Pittsburgh region. DUCIH’s initial pandemic response included a virtual adaptation of community health programs and supporting partners’ testing and vaccination efforts. In March 2021, the Allegheny County Health Department (ACHD) asked DUCIH to establish a vaccine Point of Dispensing (POD) at Central Baptist Church in Pittsburgh’s Hill District, to reach underrepresented populations. DUCIH engaged the Schools of Health Sciences, Nursing, and Pharmacy and multiple university offices to recruit an interprofessional team of 263 volunteers. From March to June 2021, the POD administered 5,652 vaccines in an underserved neighborhood, with a majority of doses administered to people of color, meeting the POD’s aim. This university-church partnership has continued with vaccine clinics and health screenings. This case study shares lessons for rapid response to public health emergencies through university-wide collaboration with community partners. Universities with health science schools should cultivate relationships with local health departments to promote awareness of these capabilities.
2019冠状病毒病大流行对有色人种的影响格外严重,凸显了公共卫生应对中公平的重要性。杜肯大学综合健康中心(DUCIH)是一个全校范围的中心,专注于培训未来的从业人员和改善匹兹堡地区的健康公平。DUCIH最初的大流行应对措施包括对社区卫生规划进行实际调整,并支持合作伙伴的检测和疫苗接种工作。2021年3月,阿勒格尼县卫生部(ACHD)要求DUCIH在匹兹堡山区中央浸信会教堂建立一个疫苗分发点(POD),以覆盖代表性不足的人群。杜克卫生研究院与卫生科学学院、护理学院和药学院以及多个大学办公室合作,招募了263名志愿者组成的跨专业团队。从2021年3月至6月,公共卫生署在一个服务不足的社区接种了5652支疫苗,其中大部分接种给了有色人种,达到了公共卫生署的目标。这种大学与教会的伙伴关系在疫苗诊所和健康检查方面继续存在。本案例研究通过大学与社区伙伴的合作,分享了快速应对突发公共卫生事件的经验教训。设有卫生科学学院的大学应培养与地方卫生部门的关系,以提高对这些能力的认识。
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引用次数: 0
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