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Gut microbial diversity impacts carbohydrate fermentation by children with severe acute malnutrition 肠道微生物多样性影响严重急性营养不良儿童的碳水化合物发酵
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114640
Akshay Bisht , Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis , Kendall Corbin , Suzanne Harris , Perla Troncoso-Rey , Peter Olupot-Olupot , Nuala Calder , Kevin Walsh , Kathryn Maitland , Gary Frost , Frederick J. Warren
African children suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have a disrupted gut microbiome and low short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These are linked to persistently high mortality and morbidity rates. Supplementing recovery feeding regimes with suitable fermentable carbohydrate may improve outcomes in SAM. We adapted in vitro colon models to investigate the ability of children with SAM to utilize four carbohydrate substrates: milk powders (with and without human milk-like oligosaccharides), chickpea-enriched feed, and inulin. All substrates, except inulin, were fermented to produce SCFAs. The inability to utilize inulin ex vivo, a widely used prebiotic, is attributed to low microbial diversity, enriched with Proteobacteria. Stool samples obtained after partial anthropometric recovery showed increased microbial diversity and higher levels of GH32 enzyme family, responsible for inulin metabolism. These findings can inform the design of future therapeutic feeds for the treatment of SAM, where inulin has been found ineffective during initial hospitalization. Alternative carbohydrates appear to be more effective in supporting gut recovery during both the initial and later treatment phases.
患有严重急性营养不良（SAM）的非洲儿童肠道微生物群被破坏，短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）含量低。这些都与持续高死亡率和发病率有关。补充适当的可发酵碳水化合物的恢复性喂养方案可以改善SAM的预后。我们采用体外结肠模型来研究患有SAM的儿童利用四种碳水化合物底物的能力：奶粉（含和不含类人乳低聚糖）、鹰嘴豆饲料和菊粉。除菊粉外，所有底物均发酵生成短链脂肪酸。菊粉是一种广泛使用的益生元，在体外无法利用菊粉是由于微生物多样性低，富含变形菌。部分人体测量恢复后获得的粪便样本显示微生物多样性增加，GH32酶家族水平更高，负责菊粉代谢。这些发现可以为未来治疗急性急性胰腺炎饲料的设计提供信息，因为在初次住院期间，菊粉被发现是无效的。在治疗初期和后期，替代碳水化合物似乎在支持肠道恢复方面更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacological perturbation of splicing elicits SMG1 reduction: Implications for cancer therapy 剪接的药理学扰动引起SMG1减少：对癌症治疗的影响
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114597
Martin Barainka , Angelina Zheleva , Angela Pérez-Cervera , Helena Villanueva , Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli , Beatriz Moreno , Fernando Pastor
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an RNA quality control pathway that degrades transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs). While the role of NMD in modulating tumor antigenicity and immune evasion is increasingly appreciated, its interaction with splicing remains poorly understood. We uncover a mechanism by which the splicing modulators enhance tumor immunogenicity not only by inducing aberrant splicing events that generate neoantigens but also by suppressing NMD activity through the downregulation of SMG1. This stabilizes PTC-containing transcripts, potentially expanding the pool of neoantigens. Furthermore, we demonstrate that splicing modulation exerts enhanced cytotoxic effects in microsatellite instability (MSI) tumors, which are particularly reliant on NMD for survival. Expression analysis in patient tumors reveals correlations between SMG1 and drug-targeted splicing regulators, supporting a functional link between splicing and NMD. Together, our findings identify splicing modulators as inadvertent NMD inhibitors that simultaneously boost tumor antigenicity and can be used to selectively target NMD-addicted tumors.
无义介导的mRNA衰变（NMD）是一种RNA质量控制途径，可降解含有过早终止密码子（ptc）的转录本。虽然NMD在调节肿瘤抗原性和免疫逃避中的作用越来越受到重视，但其与剪接的相互作用仍然知之甚少。我们揭示了剪接调节剂增强肿瘤免疫原性的机制，该机制不仅通过诱导产生新抗原的异常剪接事件，还通过下调SMG1抑制NMD活性。这稳定了含有ptc的转录本，潜在地扩大了新抗原的范围。此外，我们证明剪接调制在微卫星不稳定性（MSI）肿瘤中发挥增强的细胞毒性作用，这些肿瘤特别依赖于NMD来生存。在患者肿瘤中的表达分析揭示了SMG1与药物靶向剪接调节因子之间的相关性，支持剪接与NMD之间的功能联系。总之，我们的研究结果确定了剪接调节剂作为无意的NMD抑制剂，同时增强肿瘤抗原性，可以选择性地靶向NMD成瘾的肿瘤。
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引用次数: 0
Mountain glacier preservation with artificial interventions: A review 人工干预下的山地冰川保护研究进展
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114744
Feiteng Wang , Shuangshuang Liu , Lin Wang , Chunhai Xu , Hongfei Meng
Mountain glaciers, which constitute vital freshwater reservoirs for ecosystems and human populations worldwide, are undergoing accelerated retreats under anthropogenic warming. This review synthesizes current approaches to artificially mitigate glacier mass loss, focusing on two intervention categories: (1) enhancing accumulation through artificial snowmaking and water injection, and (2) limiting ablation via manual compaction and surface covering. We evaluate the physical mechanisms, operational efficacy, and environmental trade-offs of these methods, drawing on empirical implementations across diverse glacial settings—including detailed case studies from western China. While these interventions offer measurable local reductions in melt, they cannot offset large-scale cryospheric decline. We, therefore, propose a dual-pathway conservation framework that couples local technical strategies—adaptively deployed in high-priority zones—with stringent global climate mitigation, thereby supporting the preservation of glacial functions and socio-ecological resilience in a rapidly changing world.
高山冰川是全球生态系统和人口的重要淡水储存库，但在人为变暖的影响下，它们正在加速退缩。本文综述了目前人工减缓冰川质量损失的方法，重点介绍了两类干预措施：(1)通过人工造雪和注水增强冰川积累；(2)通过人工压实和地表覆盖限制冰川消融。我们评估了这些方法的物理机制、操作效率和环境权衡，借鉴了不同冰川环境的经验实施，包括来自中国西部的详细案例研究。虽然这些干预措施提供了可测量的局部融化减少，但它们无法抵消大规模的冰冻圈下降。因此，我们提出了一个双路径保护框架，将当地技术策略（在高优先区域适应性部署）与严格的全球气候减缓相结合，从而支持在快速变化的世界中保护冰川功能和社会生态弹性。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in joule heating ultrafast technology for electrocatalysis 焦耳加热超快电催化技术研究进展
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114602
Congqi Zhu , Dan Zhu , Fengyi Liu , Ruchun Li
Joule heating technology, as an ultrafast, efficient, and scalable synthesis strategy, provides a novel approach for the preparation of high-performance electrocatalysts toward various energy conversion systems, such as hydrogen production, metal-air battery, fuel cell, and so on. This review summarizes recent progress in ultrafast synthesis strategy (especially Joule heating technology) for the precise construction of highly active electrocatalysts. First, the principle of Joule heating technology has been discussed. The fundamental electrocatalytic mechanisms, such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), overall water splitting, nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), are also comprehensively highlighted. The recent advances of electrocatalysts prepared by ultrafast Joule heating technology have been generalized. Furthermore, this review also addresses the inherent limitations of the Joule heating approach and outlines prospects and challenges, aiming to lay a foundation for breakthroughs and applications of Joule heating in electrocatalysis.
焦耳加热技术作为一种超快速、高效、可扩展的合成策略，为各种能量转换系统（如制氢、金属-空气电池、燃料电池等）制备高性能电催化剂提供了新的途径。本文综述了近年来高精度构建高活性电催化剂的超快合成策略（特别是焦耳加热技术）的研究进展。首先，讨论了焦耳加热技术的原理。对析氢反应（HER）、析氧反应（OER）、水整体分解、硝酸盐还原反应（NO3RR）、氧还原反应（ORR）、二氧化碳还原反应（CO2RR）等基本电催化机理也进行了全面的介绍。综述了超快焦耳加热技术制备电催化剂的最新进展。此外，本文还讨论了焦耳加热方法的固有局限性，并概述了焦耳加热方法的前景和挑战，旨在为焦耳加热方法在电催化中的突破和应用奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
PHB2 mitigates intervertebral disc degeneration by modulating mitophagy to inhibit necroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells PHB2通过调节有丝分裂抑制髓核细胞坏死来减轻椎间盘退变
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114365
Zhenyu Zhu , Yongcheng Liang , Xiaowen Liu , Fanqi Kong , Kaiqiang Sun , Ximing Xu , Jiangang Shi
Intervertebral disc degeneration involves loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells driven by inflammatory and mitochondrial stress-related death pathways. Because mitophagy maintains mitochondrial quality, its disruption may influence cell fate during degeneration. Using human tissues, a mouse lumbar instability model, a rat disc puncture model, and human NP cells stimulated with TNF-α, SM-164, and Z-VAD-FMK (TSZ), we examined how mitochondrial quality control shapes necroptotic signaling. Necroptotic cells displayed mitochondrial damage and reduced mitophagy, while mitophagy activation limited necroptosis and preserved extracellular matrix components. We identified the mitochondrial protein PHB2 as a key regulator linking mitophagy to suppression of necroptosis. PHB2 loss impaired mitophagy, disrupted mitochondrial function, and intensified necroptotic death, whereas PHB2 overexpression restored mitophagy, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced degeneration. In vivo PHB2 delivery mitigated necroptosis and protected disc structure. These findings highlight a mitochondria-centered mechanism that shapes cell survival during disc degeneration.
椎间盘退变涉及由炎症和线粒体应激相关死亡途径驱动的髓核（NP）细胞的损失。由于线粒体自噬维持线粒体质量，它的破坏可能会影响细胞在退化过程中的命运。利用人体组织、小鼠腰椎不稳定模型、大鼠椎间盘穿刺模型和TNF-α、SM-164和Z-VAD-FMK （TSZ）刺激的人NP细胞，我们研究了线粒体质量控制如何影响坏死信号传导。坏死细胞表现出线粒体损伤和线粒体自噬减少，而线粒体自噬激活限制了坏死细胞并保留了细胞外基质成分。我们发现线粒体蛋白PHB2是连接线粒体自噬和抑制坏死性坏死的关键调节因子。PHB2缺失损害了线粒体自噬，破坏了线粒体功能，加剧了坏死性死亡，而PHB2过表达恢复了线粒体自噬，维持了线粒体膜电位，减少了变性。体内PHB2递送减轻坏死下垂和保护椎间盘结构。这些发现强调了以线粒体为中心的机制在椎间盘退变过程中影响细胞存活。
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引用次数: 0
Fluorescence tracking Treg movement identifies anti-CCR8 and radiation as a therapeutic combination 荧光跟踪Treg运动识别抗ccr8和放疗作为治疗组合
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114572
David J. Friedman , Sina Ramin , Tiffany Blair , Gwen Kramer , Shelly Bambina , Alejandro F. Alice , Jason Baird , Terry Medler , Kristina H. Young , Marka R. Crittenden , Michael J. Gough
Radiation therapy (RT) is recognized for its ability to induce DNA damage within cancer cells, leading to cancer cell death and promotion of anti-tumor immune responses. However, this beneficial effect is often counterbalanced by the presence of suppressive Tregs. Although factors such as RT-induced transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) can contribute to increased Treg accumulation within the tumor, the dynamics of Treg movement, and recruitment in the post-RT tumor microenvironment are not fully understood. Our study examined Treg migration following RT, revealing that RT disrupts Treg migration to the tumor-draining lymph node (TdLN) and alters their phenotype. Combining RT with anti-CCR8 therapy, which selectively depletes Tregs within the tumor, significantly reduced tumor burden, and increased survival in preclinical models. This combination also proved effective against distant and unirradiated tumors. Additionally, efficacy of combination therapy was CD8 T cell dependent. These findings highlight the potential of combining RT with Treg-targeting therapies to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
放射治疗（RT）被认为能够诱导癌细胞内的DNA损伤，导致癌细胞死亡和促进抗肿瘤免疫反应。然而，这种有益的作用常常被抑制性treg的存在所抵消。虽然rt诱导的转化生长因子β (TGF-β)等因子可以促进肿瘤内Treg积累的增加，但Treg在rt后肿瘤微环境中的运动和募集的动态尚不完全清楚。我们的研究检查了RT后Treg的迁移，发现RT破坏了Treg向肿瘤引流淋巴结（TdLN）的迁移并改变了它们的表型。在临床前模型中，RT联合抗ccr8治疗可选择性地消耗肿瘤内的Tregs，显著降低肿瘤负担，提高生存率。这种组合也被证明对远处和未照射的肿瘤有效。此外，联合治疗的疗效依赖于CD8 T细胞。这些发现强调了将RT与treg靶向治疗相结合以增强抗肿瘤免疫的潜力。
{"title":"Fluorescence tracking Treg movement identifies anti-CCR8 and radiation as a therapeutic combination","authors":"David J. Friedman ,&nbsp;Sina Ramin ,&nbsp;Tiffany Blair ,&nbsp;Gwen Kramer ,&nbsp;Shelly Bambina ,&nbsp;Alejandro F. Alice ,&nbsp;Jason Baird ,&nbsp;Terry Medler ,&nbsp;Kristina H. Young ,&nbsp;Marka R. Crittenden ,&nbsp;Michael J. Gough","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation therapy (RT) is recognized for its ability to induce DNA damage within cancer cells, leading to cancer cell death and promotion of anti-tumor immune responses. However, this beneficial effect is often counterbalanced by the presence of suppressive Tregs. Although factors such as RT-induced transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) can contribute to increased Treg accumulation within the tumor, the dynamics of Treg movement, and recruitment in the post-RT tumor microenvironment are not fully understood. Our study examined Treg migration following RT, revealing that RT disrupts Treg migration to the tumor-draining lymph node (TdLN) and alters their phenotype. Combining RT with anti-CCR8 therapy, which selectively depletes Tregs within the tumor, significantly reduced tumor burden, and increased survival in preclinical models. This combination also proved effective against distant and unirradiated tumors. Additionally, efficacy of combination therapy was CD8 T cell dependent. These findings highlight the potential of combining RT with Treg-targeting therapies to enhance anti-tumor immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FGFR signaling and neddylation facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating interferon induction and viral entry, respectively FGFR信号传导和类化修饰分别通过调节干扰素诱导和病毒进入促进SARS-CoV-2感染
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114566
Alberto Felix-Lopez , Joaquin Lopez-Orozco , Mohamed Elaish , Nawell Fayad , Zaikun Xu , Tekeleselassie Woldemariam , Bardes B. Hassan , Rashmi Panigrahi , Juveriya Qamar Khan , Megha Rohamare , Irv Mayers , J.N. Mark Glover , Joyce A. Wilson , Darryl Falzarano , Anil Kumar , Tom C. Hobman
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, and although vaccines have reduced disease severity, emerging variants remain a significant public health issue. Broadly effective therapeutics, particularly those targeting host pathways essential for coronavirus infection, are still needed. Here, we used a CRISPR knockout screen to identify druggable host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The screen revealed NAE1 and FGFR1 as key contributors to infection. Inhibitors, either FDA-approved or those in clinical trials, of these pathways reduced replication of both ancestral and contemporary viral variants. Mechanistic studies showed that FGFR1 promotes viral replication through downstream MEK/ERK signaling, while neddylation appears to support viral entry or infectivity rather than replication itself. In a murine model of severe COVID-19, inhibitors of NAE1 and FGFR1 significantly decreased viral load and lung pathology. These findings support the development of host-targeted antiviral strategies.
SARS-CoV-2是COVID-19的病原体，尽管疫苗降低了疾病的严重程度，但新出现的变体仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。仍然需要广泛有效的治疗方法，特别是针对冠状病毒感染所必需的宿主途径的治疗方法。在这里，我们使用CRISPR敲除筛选来鉴定SARS-CoV-2感染所需的可药物宿主因子。筛查结果显示NAE1和FGFR1是导致感染的关键因素。这些途径的抑制剂，无论是fda批准的还是临床试验中的抑制剂，都可以减少祖先和当代病毒变体的复制。机制研究表明，FGFR1通过下游MEK/ERK信号传导促进病毒复制，而类化修饰似乎支持病毒进入或感染，而不是复制本身。在严重COVID-19小鼠模型中，NAE1和FGFR1抑制剂可显著降低病毒载量和肺部病理。这些发现支持了针对宿主的抗病毒策略的发展。
{"title":"FGFR signaling and neddylation facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating interferon induction and viral entry, respectively","authors":"Alberto Felix-Lopez ,&nbsp;Joaquin Lopez-Orozco ,&nbsp;Mohamed Elaish ,&nbsp;Nawell Fayad ,&nbsp;Zaikun Xu ,&nbsp;Tekeleselassie Woldemariam ,&nbsp;Bardes B. Hassan ,&nbsp;Rashmi Panigrahi ,&nbsp;Juveriya Qamar Khan ,&nbsp;Megha Rohamare ,&nbsp;Irv Mayers ,&nbsp;J.N. Mark Glover ,&nbsp;Joyce A. Wilson ,&nbsp;Darryl Falzarano ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar ,&nbsp;Tom C. Hobman","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, and although vaccines have reduced disease severity, emerging variants remain a significant public health issue. Broadly effective therapeutics, particularly those targeting host pathways essential for coronavirus infection, are still needed. Here, we used a CRISPR knockout screen to identify druggable host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The screen revealed NAE1 and FGFR1 as key contributors to infection. Inhibitors, either FDA-approved or those in clinical trials, of these pathways reduced replication of both ancestral and contemporary viral variants. Mechanistic studies showed that FGFR1 promotes viral replication through downstream MEK/ERK signaling, while neddylation appears to support viral entry or infectivity rather than replication itself. In a murine model of severe COVID-19, inhibitors of NAE1 and FGFR1 significantly decreased viral load and lung pathology. These findings support the development of host-targeted antiviral strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nicotinamide mononucleotide modified CeO2 hydrogels promote diabetic wound healing by managing exudate and reducing inflammation 烟酰胺单核苷酸修饰的CeO2水凝胶通过管理渗出物和减少炎症促进糖尿病伤口愈合
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114247
Yuan Tang , Fei Peng , Chunyu Li , Yuqi Zhu , Xingyu Wang , Yipeng Cheng , Su Xiong , Xingwen Yu , Suixiang Li , Qidong Tai , Xinyi Yang , Huanzhang Zhu
Managing exudate is crucial for treating chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, as excess exudate can hinder healing. Traditional dressings often fall short for highly exudative or infected wounds. This study introduces an innovative alginate aerogel with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)-modified Cerium Dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs). When absorbing exudate, the aerogel becomes a hydrogel, allowing controlled nanoparticle release at the wound site, preventing excess exudate buildup. The CeO2 NPs boost NMN’s effects by reducing inflammation, encouraging a shift from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory macrophages, and providing strong antibacterial properties. This approach offers a promising solution for managing highly exudative diabetic foot ulcers, addressing both physical and inflammatory healing barriers.
管理渗出液对于治疗慢性伤口（如糖尿病足溃疡）至关重要，因为过量的渗出液会阻碍愈合。传统的敷料对于高度渗液或感染的伤口往往效果不佳。本研究介绍了一种新型海藻酸盐气凝胶，该气凝胶含有烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）修饰的二氧化铈纳米颗粒（CeO2 NPs）。当吸收渗出液时，气凝胶变成水凝胶，允许纳米颗粒在伤口部位释放，防止多余的渗出液积聚。CeO2 NPs通过减少炎症、促进巨噬细胞从促炎细胞向抗炎细胞的转变以及提供强大的抗菌特性来增强NMN的作用。这种方法为管理高度渗出性糖尿病足溃疡提供了一个有希望的解决方案，解决了物理和炎症愈合障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Omnidirectional tele-perception enabled by nano-architectured electret skin 纳米结构驻极体皮肤实现全方位远程感知
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114584
Yan Du , Zhiwei Zhang , Zhong Lin Wang , Di Wei
The environmental perception capability of embodied intelligent systems is highly dependent on their physical interactions with the surrounding environment, where tele-perception serves as a key technology enabling adaptive interaction and real-time human-machine interaction (HMI). However, existing tele-perception systems are fundamentally constrained by their underlying physical mechanisms and environmental disturbances, resulting in limited sensing directionality, poor spatial resolution, and inadequate environmental robustness. To address these challenges, this study develops an omnidirectional nano-architectured electret skin (NAES) by precisely tuning charge-trapping units within the established heterogeneous interface of the charge transport layer (CTL) and charge blocking layer (CBL). The proposed architecture arranges NAES units along 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and four diagonal orientations, leveraging the anisotropic electrostatic disturbance responses of each unit to achieve high-precision tele-perception of omnidirectional targets in three-dimensional space. This design overcomes the unidirectional sensing limitation of conventional NAES systems, enabling enhanced spatial perception and adaptive omnidirectional interaction in complex, dynamic environments.
嵌入式智能系统的环境感知能力高度依赖于其与周围环境的物理交互，其中远程感知是实现自适应交互和实时人机交互（HMI）的关键技术。然而，现有的远程感知系统从根本上受到其潜在物理机制和环境干扰的限制，导致传感方向性有限，空间分辨率差，环境鲁棒性不足。为了解决这些挑战，本研究通过在电荷传输层（CTL）和电荷阻断层（CBL）的非均质界面内精确调整电荷捕获单元，开发了一种全向纳米结构驻极体皮肤（NAES）。该架构将NAES单元沿0°、45°、90°、135°和四个对角线方向排列，利用各单元的各向异性静电扰动响应，实现三维空间中全向目标的高精度遥测。该设计克服了传统NAES系统单向感知的限制，在复杂、动态的环境中增强了空间感知和自适应全方位交互。
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引用次数: 0
Distinct commensal bacteria in human nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue associated with localized immunological memory 人鼻咽淋巴组织中与局部免疫记忆相关的独特共生菌
IF 4.1 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
iScience
Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114579
Seung-Taek Park , Jina Won , Siyeon Jin , Sujin Kim , Haeun Shin , Su Hyun Lim , Ye-Ji Bang , Hyun Jik Kim
The nasopharynx (NP) serves as a primary site for localized immune responses that restrict the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to the lower respiratory tract. The microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key modulator of antiviral immunity but whether it shapes immune responses in upper airway remains uncharacterized. Detailed microbial profiles revealed that S. aureus complex abundance was the primary discriminating factor of microbial community in the NP and the enhanced abundance of S. aureus complex correlated with higher frequencies of CD4+, CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM), and BRM cells. The abundance of S. aureus complex was closely associated with distinct metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in nitrogen metabolism (e.g., arginine, ornithine, and proline interconversion) and the mevalonate pathway for carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that S. aureus complex may foster unique metabolic dynamics in the NP in enhancing the tissue-residency of memory cells and localized immune responses in upper airway.
鼻咽部是限制SARS-CoV-2向下呼吸道传播的局部免疫反应的主要部位。微生物组越来越被认为是抗病毒免疫的关键调节剂，但它是否影响上呼吸道的免疫反应仍不清楚。详细的微生物图谱显示，金黄色葡萄球菌复合体丰度是NP微生物群落的主要判别因素，金黄色葡萄球菌复合体丰度的增强与CD4+、CD8+组织驻留记忆T （TRM）和BRM细胞的高频率相关。金黄色葡萄球菌复合体的丰度与不同的代谢途径密切相关，特别是涉及氮代谢的途径（如精氨酸、鸟氨酸和脯氨酸的相互转化）和类胡萝卜素生物合成的甲羟戊酸途径。这些发现表明，金黄色葡萄球菌复合物可能在NP中促进独特的代谢动力学，从而增强记忆细胞的组织驻留和上呼吸道局部免疫反应。
{"title":"Distinct commensal bacteria in human nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue associated with localized immunological memory","authors":"Seung-Taek Park ,&nbsp;Jina Won ,&nbsp;Siyeon Jin ,&nbsp;Sujin Kim ,&nbsp;Haeun Shin ,&nbsp;Su Hyun Lim ,&nbsp;Ye-Ji Bang ,&nbsp;Hyun Jik Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nasopharynx (NP) serves as a primary site for localized immune responses that restrict the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to the lower respiratory tract. The microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key modulator of antiviral immunity but whether it shapes immune responses in upper airway remains uncharacterized. Detailed microbial profiles revealed that <em>S</em>. <em>aureus</em> complex abundance was the primary discriminating factor of microbial community in the NP and the enhanced abundance of <em>S</em>. <em>aureus</em> complex correlated with higher frequencies of CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup> tissue-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>), and B<sub>RM</sub> cells. The abundance of <em>S</em>. <em>aureus</em> complex was closely associated with distinct metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in nitrogen metabolism (e.g., arginine, ornithine, and proline interconversion) and the mevalonate pathway for carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that <em>S</em>. <em>aureus</em> complex may foster unique metabolic dynamics in the NP in enhancing the tissue-residency of memory cells and localized immune responses in upper airway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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