Pub Date : 2026-02-21eCollection Date: 2026-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115121
Andrew D Geoly, John P Coetzee, Derrick Matthew Buchanan, Wiebke Struckmann, Bora Kim, Malvika Sridhar, Azeezat Azeez, Jennifer I Lissemore, Kirsten Cherian, Afik Faerman, Jackob N Keynan, Prakamya Singal, Alaa Shanbour, Igor D Bandeira, Ian H Kratter, Maheen M Adamson, Manish Saggar, Cammie Rolle, Nolan R Williams
Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid with therapeutic potential that may promote neuroplasticity. Its effects on human brain morphometry are unknown. Thirty Special Operations Forces veterans with prior blast-induced TBI participated in an observational study in which they received ibogaine co-administered with magnesium. Structural MRIs were collected at baseline (n = 25), initial post-treatment (n = 25), and 1-month post (n = 22). Longitudinal analyses assessed cortical thickness, subcortical volume, and predicted brain age (pBA), estimated from T1 scans. pBA was significantly reduced at 1 month relative to baseline (-1.3 years). Cortical thickness analysis revealed post-treatment increases in 11 regions. Subcortical analyses revealed significant volumetric expansion in 8 regions. Magnesium-ibogaine therapy was associated with increased cortical thickness, subcortical expansion, and reduced pBA at 1 month. Although T1s are sensitive to nonstructural changes, the overall direction of effect is consistent with neuroplastic change.
{"title":"Increased cortical thickness and decreased brain age among special operations veterans with blast TBI after a magnesium-ibogaine protocol.","authors":"Andrew D Geoly, John P Coetzee, Derrick Matthew Buchanan, Wiebke Struckmann, Bora Kim, Malvika Sridhar, Azeezat Azeez, Jennifer I Lissemore, Kirsten Cherian, Afik Faerman, Jackob N Keynan, Prakamya Singal, Alaa Shanbour, Igor D Bandeira, Ian H Kratter, Maheen M Adamson, Manish Saggar, Cammie Rolle, Nolan R Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.115121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid with therapeutic potential that may promote neuroplasticity. Its effects on human brain morphometry are unknown. Thirty Special Operations Forces veterans with prior blast-induced TBI participated in an observational study in which they received ibogaine co-administered with magnesium. Structural MRIs were collected at baseline (<i>n</i> = 25), initial post-treatment (<i>n</i> = 25), and 1-month post (<i>n</i> = 22). Longitudinal analyses assessed cortical thickness, subcortical volume, and predicted brain age (pBA), estimated from T1 scans. pBA was significantly reduced at 1 month relative to baseline (-1.3 years). Cortical thickness analysis revealed post-treatment increases in 11 regions. Subcortical analyses revealed significant volumetric expansion in 8 regions. Magnesium-ibogaine therapy was associated with increased cortical thickness, subcortical expansion, and reduced pBA at 1 month. Although T1s are sensitive to nonstructural changes, the overall direction of effect is consistent with neuroplastic change.</p>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 3","pages":"115121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147508371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulating immune responses in invertebrates. In Penaeus vannamei, hemocyanin, a multifunctional immune protein, is cleaved to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) essential for pathogen defense. This study identifies Ser548 phosphorylation of the hemocyanin small subunit (PvHMCs) as a key regulator of trypsin-mediated hemocyanin degradation and antimicrobial peptides production. Dephosphorylation of Ser548, controlled by PvCK2α kinase and PvPP2AC phosphatase, enhances cleavage, generating peptides with strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Streptococcus iniae. Phosphorylation inhibits this process, reducing peptide production and immune efficacy. In vivo, Ser548 dephosphorylation improves bacterial clearance and enhances shrimp survival. These findings reveal a critical molecular mechanism underlying shrimp immunity and suggest targeting hemocyanin phosphorylation to boost disease resistance in aquaculture.
{"title":"Dephosphorylation at Ser548 regulates hemocyanin-derived antibacterial peptides and immune defense in <i>Penaeus vannamei</i>.","authors":"Qian Feng, Maoshuai Fu, Xianliang Zhao, Yongzhen Zhao, Qingyun Liu, Jude Juventus Aweya, Yueling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.115119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulating immune responses in invertebrates. In <i>Penaeus vannamei</i>, hemocyanin, a multifunctional immune protein, is cleaved to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) essential for pathogen defense. This study identifies Ser548 phosphorylation of the hemocyanin small subunit (<i>Pv</i>HMCs) as a key regulator of trypsin-mediated hemocyanin degradation and antimicrobial peptides production. Dephosphorylation of Ser548, controlled by <i>Pv</i>CK2α kinase and <i>Pv</i>PP2AC phosphatase, enhances cleavage, generating peptides with strong antibacterial activity against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> and <i>Streptococcus iniae</i>. Phosphorylation inhibits this process, reducing peptide production and immune efficacy. <i>In vivo</i>, Ser548 dephosphorylation improves bacterial clearance and enhances shrimp survival. These findings reveal a critical molecular mechanism underlying shrimp immunity and suggest targeting hemocyanin phosphorylation to boost disease resistance in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 3","pages":"115119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12993005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-21eCollection Date: 2026-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115117
Guo Li, Xueli Cai, Yifeng Wang
Attentional bias modification training is commonly employed to regulate attentional bias and alleviate symptoms of mental disorders, but its efficacy is constrained and inconsistent. To address this challenge, we introduced an attention switch training method grounded in the rhythmic theory of attention. A total of 135 university students with negative attentional bias were randomly assigned to one of four groups: with/without rhythm-based training × with/without probability-based training. Each participant completed a single training session and underwent the Self-Assessment of Valence Task and the Dot Probe Task (DPT) before and after training. The results indicated that theta rhythm training led to a greater reduction in negative attentional bias, mainly by enhancing the disengagement of attention from negative stimuli. Regression analysis revealed an inverse relationship between initial attentional scores and training effects, with the rhythm-based training showing the strongest correlation. Overall, the rhythm-based training offers a more effective framework for modifying attentional bias with a mechanism of attention shift based on the theta trough.
{"title":"Theta rhythm-based attention switch training can alleviate the difficulty in disengaging from negative stimuli.","authors":"Guo Li, Xueli Cai, Yifeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.115117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attentional bias modification training is commonly employed to regulate attentional bias and alleviate symptoms of mental disorders, but its efficacy is constrained and inconsistent. To address this challenge, we introduced an attention switch training method grounded in the rhythmic theory of attention. A total of 135 university students with negative attentional bias were randomly assigned to one of four groups: with/without rhythm-based training × with/without probability-based training. Each participant completed a single training session and underwent the Self-Assessment of Valence Task and the Dot Probe Task (DPT) before and after training. The results indicated that theta rhythm training led to a greater reduction in negative attentional bias, mainly by enhancing the disengagement of attention from negative stimuli. Regression analysis revealed an inverse relationship between initial attentional scores and training effects, with the rhythm-based training showing the strongest correlation. Overall, the rhythm-based training offers a more effective framework for modifying attentional bias with a mechanism of attention shift based on the theta trough.</p>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 3","pages":"115117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12989850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147472118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114726
María José Ferreira Díaz
Around the world, adolescents are facing unprecedented levels of psychological distress, loneliness, and digital saturation. Data from the ESPAD 2024 survey, WHO’s Global Health Estimates, and UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children reveal a consistent decline in subjective well-being and a surge in anxiety, self-harm, and substance use. Despite an explosion of mental-health advocacy, the everyday environments where adolescents live and learn remain poorly equipped to foster resilience and belonging. This paradox—rising awareness but weakening support—marks a critical failure of preventive healthcare systems. By linking the 2024 ESPAD evidence with nursing science and educational reform, this perspective offers a methodologically rigorous and globally transferable model to address the adolescent well-being crisis through preventive, person-centered care.This perspective argues that the adolescent well-being crisis is not primarily a psychiatric phenomenon but a social and educational one. The dominance of therapeutic and pharmacological responses has obscured the preventive and relational dimensions of care. Nursing, with its foundations in empathy, communication, and community engagement, offers a pathway toward a new preventive paradigm—one that unites evidence and humanity. Drawing on nursing taxonomies (NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC) and contemporary pedagogical frameworks, this article reframes prevention as an educational and ethical responsibility that extends beyond clinical boundaries.By integrating insights from epidemiology, pedagogy, and nursing science, the article calls for a human-centered transformation of adolescent health policy and professional education. Empowering nurses to lead preventive action can bridge the gap between public-health data and lived experience, restoring emotional literacy, connection, and purpose among young people. The next revolution in adolescent mental health will not be purely technological or therapeutic—it will be profoundly human.
{"title":"Adolescence in crisis: Insights from the 2024 ESPAD report and a nursing perspective","authors":"María José Ferreira Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.114726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.114726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Around the world, adolescents are facing unprecedented levels of psychological distress, loneliness, and digital saturation. Data from the <em>ESPAD 2024</em> survey, WHO’s <em>Global Health Estimates</em>, and UNICEF’s <em>State of the World’s Children</em> reveal a consistent decline in subjective well-being and a surge in anxiety, self-harm, and substance use. Despite an explosion of mental-health advocacy, the everyday environments where adolescents live and learn remain poorly equipped to foster resilience and belonging. This paradox—rising awareness but weakening support—marks a critical failure of preventive healthcare systems. By linking the 2024 ESPAD evidence with nursing science and educational reform, this perspective offers a methodologically rigorous and globally transferable model to address the adolescent well-being crisis through preventive, person-centered care.This <em>perspective</em> argues that the adolescent well-being crisis is not primarily a psychiatric phenomenon but a social and educational one. The dominance of therapeutic and pharmacological responses has obscured the preventive and relational dimensions of care. Nursing, with its foundations in empathy, communication, and community engagement, offers a pathway toward a new preventive paradigm—one that unites evidence and humanity. Drawing on nursing taxonomies (NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC) and contemporary pedagogical frameworks, this article reframes prevention as an educational and ethical responsibility that extends beyond clinical boundaries.By integrating insights from epidemiology, pedagogy, and nursing science, the article calls for a human-centered transformation of adolescent health policy and professional education. Empowering nurses to lead preventive action can bridge the gap between public-health data and lived experience, restoring emotional literacy, connection, and purpose among young people. The next revolution in adolescent mental health will not be purely technological or therapeutic—it will be profoundly human.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114601
Meng-Nan Liu , Xu Li , Gang Zheng , Fang Yin , Ru Li , Jun Zhang , Seeram Ramakrishna , Yun-Ze Long
Based on contact electrification and electrostatic induction, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a prominent technology for mechanical energy harvesting and conversion. Recent advances have been driven by new inorganic materials, including perovskites, graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, metal-organic frameworks, liquid metals, and high-entropy alloys. Their unique electrical, photoelectric, magnetic, and interfacial properties, reinforced by innovations in triboelectric materials, surface functionalization, and device structure, have led to significant improvements in energy conversion efficiency and environmental stability. Key mechanisms, such as band structure modulation, surface charge optimization, and interfacial engineering, not only enhance output performance but also endow TENGs with intelligence and multifunctionality, expanding applications in flexible electronics and environmental monitoring. Despite progress, challenges remain, including unclear interfacial coupling dynamics and limitations in large-scale manufacturing. This review examines current applications, highlights key scientific issues, and provides design insights to guide next-generation high-performance TENGs development.
{"title":"Research progress in triboelectric nanogenerators based on new inorganic materials","authors":"Meng-Nan Liu , Xu Li , Gang Zheng , Fang Yin , Ru Li , Jun Zhang , Seeram Ramakrishna , Yun-Ze Long","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on contact electrification and electrostatic induction, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a prominent technology for mechanical energy harvesting and conversion. Recent advances have been driven by new inorganic materials, including perovskites, graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, metal-organic frameworks, liquid metals, and high-entropy alloys. Their unique electrical, photoelectric, magnetic, and interfacial properties, reinforced by innovations in triboelectric materials, surface functionalization, and device structure, have led to significant improvements in energy conversion efficiency and environmental stability. Key mechanisms, such as band structure modulation, surface charge optimization, and interfacial engineering, not only enhance output performance but also endow TENGs with intelligence and multifunctionality, expanding applications in flexible electronics and environmental monitoring. Despite progress, challenges remain, including unclear interfacial coupling dynamics and limitations in large-scale manufacturing. This review examines current applications, highlights key scientific issues, and provides design insights to guide next-generation high-performance TENGs development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114604
Taruna Likhariya , Pragnesh N. Dave
A LaMn0.4Fe0.6O3/rGO (6:1) perovskite composite was developed to enhance the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Optimization using DSC showed that the composite converts AP’s typical two-step decomposition into a single step and reduces the decomposition peak temperature from 351°C to 320°C at loadings of 1–5%. Structural analyses (IR, UV-Vis, XRD, and Raman) confirmed successful material formation, while FE-SEM showed uniformly distributed perovskite nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). BET measurements indicated a high surface area of 47.3 m2/g. An artificial neural network (ANN) model effectively predicted activation energy (MSE 0.0001–0.0017) and TG curves (MSE 0.01–0.37).
{"title":"Preparation of LaMn0.4Fe0.6O3/rGO composite catalyst for the thermolysis of ammonium perchlorate","authors":"Taruna Likhariya , Pragnesh N. Dave","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A LaMn<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/rGO (6:1) perovskite composite was developed to enhance the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Optimization using DSC showed that the composite converts AP’s typical two-step decomposition into a single step and reduces the decomposition peak temperature from 351°C to 320°C at loadings of 1–5%. Structural analyses (IR, UV-Vis, XRD, and Raman) confirmed successful material formation, while FE-SEM showed uniformly distributed perovskite nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). BET measurements indicated a high surface area of 47.3 m<sup>2</sup>/g. An artificial neural network (ANN) model effectively predicted activation energy (MSE 0.0001–0.0017) and TG curves (MSE 0.01–0.37).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114629
Dongping Zhou , Steve Pye , Brunilde Verrier , Paul Dodds
The accelerating energy transition, driven by decarbonization goals and energy security concerns, is intensifying global lithium demand. However, few studies assess whether supply can meet this demand under uncertainty. This study examines long-term lithium availability by constructing a global bottom-up deposit database and generating a cumulative availability curve (CAC). A six-step methodology combining Monte Carlo and depletion curve analyses estimates 35.5 Mt of lithium, with costs from 1,194 to 31,590 USD/t LCE (2023). Current supply is dominated by low-cost Australian ore, while future production may depend more on brine. Comparison with IEA demand scenarios indicates that conservative assumptions could lead to shortfalls, whereas meeting ambitious climate goals may entail higher costs. Sensitivity analysis shows that physical and technical uncertainties exert the greatest influence. These findings underscore the need for timely investment in deposits and recycling infrastructure.
{"title":"The implications of uncertainties on global lithium resources availability estimations","authors":"Dongping Zhou , Steve Pye , Brunilde Verrier , Paul Dodds","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.114629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.114629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accelerating energy transition, driven by decarbonization goals and energy security concerns, is intensifying global lithium demand. However, few studies assess whether supply can meet this demand under uncertainty. This study examines long-term lithium availability by constructing a global bottom-up deposit database and generating a cumulative availability curve (CAC). A six-step methodology combining Monte Carlo and depletion curve analyses estimates 35.5 Mt of lithium, with costs from 1,194 to 31,590 USD/t LCE (2023). Current supply is dominated by low-cost Australian ore, while future production may depend more on brine. Comparison with IEA demand scenarios indicates that conservative assumptions could lead to shortfalls, whereas meeting ambitious climate goals may entail higher costs. Sensitivity analysis shows that physical and technical uncertainties exert the greatest influence. These findings underscore the need for timely investment in deposits and recycling infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114506
Jun-Young Sung , In-Ki Kim , Kyu-Lim Lee
This study investigates the physiological effects of intensive physical training on femoral cartilage morphology and limb asymmetry in strength in air force cadets. Thirty male cadets were evaluated using ultrasonography to measure femoral cartilage thickness, isokinetic testing to assess knee flexor and extensor strength, and the functional movement screen (FMS) to examine movement patterns. Participants were divided into pass and fail groups based on the G test, a measure of gravitational acceleration tolerance. Cadets in the fail group exhibited significantly thinner cartilage in the medial condyle of the right knee and greater knee flexion asymmetry at 180°/s. The pass group demonstrated superior FMS performance, greater muscular strength, and less limb asymmetry. These findings suggest that repetitive mechanical loading during military training may lead to cartilage thinning and functional asymmetry, increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injury. Periodic musculoskeletal screening and targeted interventions could mitigate injury risks in occupational environments characterized by high physical demands.
{"title":"Structural and functional asymmetry of the lower limb related to gravitational acceleration tolerance","authors":"Jun-Young Sung , In-Ki Kim , Kyu-Lim Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the physiological effects of intensive physical training on femoral cartilage morphology and limb asymmetry in strength in air force cadets. Thirty male cadets were evaluated using ultrasonography to measure femoral cartilage thickness, isokinetic testing to assess knee flexor and extensor strength, and the functional movement screen (FMS) to examine movement patterns. Participants were divided into pass and fail groups based on the G test, a measure of gravitational acceleration tolerance. Cadets in the fail group exhibited significantly thinner cartilage in the medial condyle of the right knee and greater knee flexion asymmetry at 180°/s. The pass group demonstrated superior FMS performance, greater muscular strength, and less limb asymmetry. These findings suggest that repetitive mechanical loading during military training may lead to cartilage thinning and functional asymmetry, increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injury. Periodic musculoskeletal screening and targeted interventions could mitigate injury risks in occupational environments characterized by high physical demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114587
Cynthia Tchio , Matthew Maher , Christopher Moth , Jens Meiler , Jacqueline M. Lane , Herman A. Taylor , Jonathan S. Williams , Richa Saxena
Modern lifestyles often disturb circadian rhythms, yet the genetic circuits that convert this stress into metabolic dysfunction remain poorly defined. Here, we identify a missense variant in ADCY3 (rs11676272; Ser107Pro) as a pleiotropic regulator of circadian preference and adiposity. Using genome-wide pleiotropy analysis in ∼480,000 UK Biobank participants, we show that the G risk allele (Pro107) increases eveningness, BMI, and fat mass in European (n = 451,324) and African (n = 8,738) ancestry groups, with behavioral amplification by morning difficulty awakening in Europeans and power-limited modeling in other populations. Structural modeling and transcriptomic analysis suggest this allele alters adipose-specific splicing and expression and destabilizes ADCY3 protein. In mice, Adcy3 is rhythmically expressed in adipose tissue, with BMAL1 binding near the orthologous residue 107 site. Human adipose ADCY3 expression also increases after weight loss. Together, these findings reveal a genotype-dependent, behaviorally modifiable axis connecting difficulty awakening to metabolic risk through circadian and adipose regulatory pathways.
{"title":"Circadian ADCY3 Ser107Pro variant bridges difficulty awakening in the morning and adiposity","authors":"Cynthia Tchio , Matthew Maher , Christopher Moth , Jens Meiler , Jacqueline M. Lane , Herman A. Taylor , Jonathan S. Williams , Richa Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern lifestyles often disturb circadian rhythms, yet the genetic circuits that convert this stress into metabolic dysfunction remain poorly defined. Here, we identify a missense variant in <em>ADCY3</em> (rs11676272; Ser107Pro) as a pleiotropic regulator of circadian preference and adiposity. Using genome-wide pleiotropy analysis in ∼480,000 UK Biobank participants, we show that the G risk allele (Pro107) increases eveningness, BMI, and fat mass in European (<em>n</em> = 451,324) and African (<em>n</em> = 8,738) ancestry groups, with behavioral amplification by morning difficulty awakening in Europeans and power-limited modeling in other populations. Structural modeling and transcriptomic analysis suggest this allele alters adipose-specific splicing and expression and destabilizes ADCY3 protein. In mice, <em>Adcy3</em> is rhythmically expressed in adipose tissue, with BMAL1 binding near the orthologous residue 107 site. Human adipose <em>ADCY3</em> expression also increases after weight loss. Together, these findings reveal a genotype-dependent, behaviorally modifiable axis connecting difficulty awakening to metabolic risk through circadian and adipose regulatory pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114485
Michaela Jeschke , Elena Azañón , Knut Drewing
The extent to which spatial tactile properties share neural pathways remains unclear, yet it is the key to understanding how the brain constructs coherent object representations from distributed spatial inputs. One basic spatial property is the perceived tactile distance between two simultaneous touches on the skin. It exhibits adaptation aftereffects: when body areas are repeatedly touched at two points, subsequently presented smaller distances are perceived as smaller than on unadapted areas. We investigated whether tactile distance adaptation influences the perception of other spatial properties, macro-scale roughness and curvature, indicating shared neural mechanisms. In experiment 1, adapting the skin to a fixed tactile distance reduced perceived roughness of subsequent gratings with smaller groove widths, as assessed through passive touch at the finger pad. This aftereffect likely originates from early cortical processing, as it is orientation-specific and independent of peripheral receptor desensitization. Experiment 2 demonstrated that curvature perception increases after adaptation to a two-point distance larger than the curve, suggesting overlap in processing pathways. Experiment 3 further supported early processing involvement, as the distance-to-roughness aftereffect did not transfer to adjacent skin regions of the same finger. Experiment 4 revealed bidirectional aftereffects: roughness adaptation also influenced distance perception. However, within-property aftereffects were stronger than cross-property effects. By revealing the existence of cross-property adaptation aftereffects with low-level characteristics, our findings provide evidence that tactile distance, roughness, and curvature share early somatosensory processing. This suggests that spatially defined properties undergo a common initial processing stage, sharing initial steps rather than existing in a hierarchical processing arrangement.
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