Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2020.10031228
R. Minhas
Corporate frauds and scams have made the scene of corporate and its governance sensitive and susceptible. It compels to raise brows and increases one's quest to know what is behind the veil; an ethical governance or seemingly to be a governance which is self-styled, artificial, biased, mere a formality or a conspiracy against the interest of minority stakeholders! Therefore here comes the need to protect and safeguard the interest of at mercy (minority stakeholders). The present study is financial statement analysis case study of one of the flagship companies of the Nahar Oswal Group of Companies in the Punjab State of India Country. The purpose of the study is to portray the image of the company from longitudinal time series analysis of its financial statement extending to 12 years from year 2006 till 2017.
{"title":"Altmans Z-score analysis: a case of Nahar Spinning Mills Limited (The Nahar Oswal Group)","authors":"R. Minhas","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2020.10031228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2020.10031228","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate frauds and scams have made the scene of corporate and its governance sensitive and susceptible. It compels to raise brows and increases one's quest to know what is behind the veil; an ethical governance or seemingly to be a governance which is self-styled, artificial, biased, mere a formality or a conspiracy against the interest of minority stakeholders! Therefore here comes the need to protect and safeguard the interest of at mercy (minority stakeholders). The present study is financial statement analysis case study of one of the flagship companies of the Nahar Oswal Group of Companies in the Punjab State of India Country. The purpose of the study is to portray the image of the company from longitudinal time series analysis of its financial statement extending to 12 years from year 2006 till 2017.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126798702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2020.10028496
Fathi Jouini, A. Messai
This article aims to determine empirically the moderating role of the firm size and the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the economic corporate financial performance for a sample of 87 French companies listed SBF 120 index for the period from 2012 to 2014. Our study integrates the score of performance of corporate social responsibility and these variables such as governance, the employment, the environment and community. Our study demonstrates a positive effect of the interaction between the firm size with each variable of corporate social responsibility.
{"title":"Corporate social responsibility and the corporate financial performance: the moderator role of firm size","authors":"Fathi Jouini, A. Messai","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2020.10028496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2020.10028496","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to determine empirically the moderating role of the firm size and the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the economic corporate financial performance for a sample of 87 French companies listed SBF 120 index for the period from 2012 to 2014. Our study integrates the score of performance of corporate social responsibility and these variables such as governance, the employment, the environment and community. Our study demonstrates a positive effect of the interaction between the firm size with each variable of corporate social responsibility.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121878587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2020.10031229
Julius A. Nukpezah
The article examines political accountability that informs local government administration in Ghana in the context of the US experience and challenges of economic development in Africa. It offers a critical perspective on Ghana's local government administration that contributes to higher order accountability to citizens that leads to local economic development. It surmises that while electoral and fiscal decentralisation contribute to political accountability, these are at best lower order accountability mechanisms. Higher order accountability should include a decentralised entrepreneurial leadership that emphasises entrepreneurship, professionalism, local autonomy, and inter-local competition that are necessary for local economic development in Ghana making it a model for Africa's renaissance. The article, therefore, advances the literature on political accountability and local economic development in Ghana and Africa as a whole with practical and progressive solutions to the challenges of economic development on the continent.
{"title":"Toward a higher order accountability in local economic development in Ghana","authors":"Julius A. Nukpezah","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2020.10031229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2020.10031229","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines political accountability that informs local government administration in Ghana in the context of the US experience and challenges of economic development in Africa. It offers a critical perspective on Ghana's local government administration that contributes to higher order accountability to citizens that leads to local economic development. It surmises that while electoral and fiscal decentralisation contribute to political accountability, these are at best lower order accountability mechanisms. Higher order accountability should include a decentralised entrepreneurial leadership that emphasises entrepreneurship, professionalism, local autonomy, and inter-local competition that are necessary for local economic development in Ghana making it a model for Africa's renaissance. The article, therefore, advances the literature on political accountability and local economic development in Ghana and Africa as a whole with practical and progressive solutions to the challenges of economic development on the continent.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129373335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2020.10026500
M. Wachira
This paper is an empirical exploration of the effectiveness of racial inclusion policies in South Africa, namely broad-based black economic empowerment (B-BBEE), on the racial composition of corporate leadership in South Africa. Prior perceptions on B-BBEE suggest that the legislation has only benefited a small group of the population which has only led to further economic exclusion across and within racial groupings in South Africa. In this article, the racial composition of corporate leadership among listed entities on the JSE is analysed to establish if employment equity-one of the core elements under B-BBEE has been achieved. The results illustrate that CEO and executive directorship positions are still primarily occupied by white individuals. In addition, the likelihood that a black individual will be a CEO is primarily influenced by whether or not corporate executive directors are white or black. Furthermore, black individuals appear to predominantly occupy non-executive and independent directorship positions, whereas white individuals primarily occupy executive directorship positions. This study therefore contributes to the growing body of research that explores the efficacy of B-BBEE within the corporate sphere in South Africa.
{"title":"Broad-based black economic empowerment and CEO racial representation in South Africa","authors":"M. Wachira","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2020.10026500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2020.10026500","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an empirical exploration of the effectiveness of racial inclusion policies in South Africa, namely broad-based black economic empowerment (B-BBEE), on the racial composition of corporate leadership in South Africa. Prior perceptions on B-BBEE suggest that the legislation has only benefited a small group of the population which has only led to further economic exclusion across and within racial groupings in South Africa. In this article, the racial composition of corporate leadership among listed entities on the JSE is analysed to establish if employment equity-one of the core elements under B-BBEE has been achieved. The results illustrate that CEO and executive directorship positions are still primarily occupied by white individuals. In addition, the likelihood that a black individual will be a CEO is primarily influenced by whether or not corporate executive directors are white or black. Furthermore, black individuals appear to predominantly occupy non-executive and independent directorship positions, whereas white individuals primarily occupy executive directorship positions. This study therefore contributes to the growing body of research that explores the efficacy of B-BBEE within the corporate sphere in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129706666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2020.10026721
R. Fosu, M. Amidu, William Coffie
The impact of donor-funded interventions has been a subject of raging controversy over the many years of donor support. This paper assesses, through the lens of resource dependence theory (RDT), the impact of donor-funded interventions on a professional accountancy organisation (PAO) and to describe how the intervention has influenced the PAO operations and activities. A qualitative research design was adopted where data were collected through a semi-structured interview with the key principal officers of the PAO. The empirical results show a general acknowledgement among the interviewees of the positive impact of the intervention on the activities of the PAO. However, the biggest challenge encountered in the implementation of the funded intervention is the counterpart funding provided by the PAO. Moreover, the level of participation by the PAO in the determination of program deliverables was not as expected. The findings of the paper have implications for future donor support to professional accountancy organisations in other developing countries.
{"title":"Does institutional intervention achieve intended outcomes The case of a professional accountancy organisation","authors":"R. Fosu, M. Amidu, William Coffie","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2020.10026721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2020.10026721","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of donor-funded interventions has been a subject of raging controversy over the many years of donor support. This paper assesses, through the lens of resource dependence theory (RDT), the impact of donor-funded interventions on a professional accountancy organisation (PAO) and to describe how the intervention has influenced the PAO operations and activities. A qualitative research design was adopted where data were collected through a semi-structured interview with the key principal officers of the PAO. The empirical results show a general acknowledgement among the interviewees of the positive impact of the intervention on the activities of the PAO. However, the biggest challenge encountered in the implementation of the funded intervention is the counterpart funding provided by the PAO. Moreover, the level of participation by the PAO in the determination of program deliverables was not as expected. The findings of the paper have implications for future donor support to professional accountancy organisations in other developing countries.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128066309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2020.10026720
Mahmood Fakhro, G. Kukreja, A. Sarea
The aim of this research is to evaluate the evolving disclosures trends of Bahrain-based telecommunication company, Bahrain Telecommunication Company (Batelco) towards integrated reporting (IR) between 2012 and 2016 by using content analysis approach. The selected disclosure indicators of IR were chosen from previous research studies as well as seven guiding principles from the international integrated reporting framework (IIRF). These seven principles include: 1) strategic focus and future orientation; 2) connectivity of information; 3) stakeholders' relationships; 4) materiality; 5) conciseness; 6) reliability and completeness; 7) consistency and comparability. The study results showed that the Batelco scored better on the principles of stakeholders' relationships, strategic focus and future orientation followed by materiality, but the disclosure related to materiality was the highest during last five years. On the other hand, reliability and completeness and consistency and comparability disclosure score were lowest. However, most of the disclosure items of the guiding principles have been included in the annual reports.
{"title":"Enhanced disclosures practice towards integrated reporting: evidence from Bahrain","authors":"Mahmood Fakhro, G. Kukreja, A. Sarea","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2020.10026720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2020.10026720","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to evaluate the evolving disclosures trends of Bahrain-based telecommunication company, Bahrain Telecommunication Company (Batelco) towards integrated reporting (IR) between 2012 and 2016 by using content analysis approach. The selected disclosure indicators of IR were chosen from previous research studies as well as seven guiding principles from the international integrated reporting framework (IIRF). These seven principles include: 1) strategic focus and future orientation; 2) connectivity of information; 3) stakeholders' relationships; 4) materiality; 5) conciseness; 6) reliability and completeness; 7) consistency and comparability. The study results showed that the Batelco scored better on the principles of stakeholders' relationships, strategic focus and future orientation followed by materiality, but the disclosure related to materiality was the highest during last five years. On the other hand, reliability and completeness and consistency and comparability disclosure score were lowest. However, most of the disclosure items of the guiding principles have been included in the annual reports.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"64 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127247101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2020.10026643
Masaya Fujita
The expansion of productive scale is often funded by the immediate reinvestment of a depreciation fund. This phenomenon is called Lomann-Ruchti effect. The question is whether this is possible without additional investment or not. One theory claims this is attributable to the increased circulation of advanced capital, whereas, this article argues that the effect is realised by capital accumulation hidden behind depreciation procedures.
{"title":"Without capital accumulation, is productive scale expansion possible","authors":"Masaya Fujita","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2020.10026643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2020.10026643","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of productive scale is often funded by the immediate reinvestment of a depreciation fund. This phenomenon is called Lomann-Ruchti effect. The question is whether this is possible without additional investment or not. One theory claims this is attributable to the increased circulation of advanced capital, whereas, this article argues that the effect is realised by capital accumulation hidden behind depreciation procedures.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"1198 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133588122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2020.10026675
Larita J. Killian
The USA is experiencing increased social and economic fragmentation. Various explanations are offered, but an overlooked factor may be increasing reliance on special districts (SDs) to deliver public services. This study draws from ethical discourse theory to investigate the relationship between SDs and social cohesion. Using male incarceration rates as an indicator for levels of social cohesion and marginalisation, this study finds that as the different types of SDs within a state increases, male incarceration rates also increase. This initial study does not posit causality. Relying on SDs to deliver public services may lead to reduced social cohesion and increased marginalisation, as ethical discourse theory suggests. Alternatively, it may be that reliance on SDs and male incarceration rates are both functions of other factors that reduce social cohesion.
{"title":"Special districts and social cohesion: an initial study","authors":"Larita J. Killian","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2020.10026675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2020.10026675","url":null,"abstract":"The USA is experiencing increased social and economic fragmentation. Various explanations are offered, but an overlooked factor may be increasing reliance on special districts (SDs) to deliver public services. This study draws from ethical discourse theory to investigate the relationship between SDs and social cohesion. Using male incarceration rates as an indicator for levels of social cohesion and marginalisation, this study finds that as the different types of SDs within a state increases, male incarceration rates also increase. This initial study does not posit causality. Relying on SDs to deliver public services may lead to reduced social cohesion and increased marginalisation, as ethical discourse theory suggests. Alternatively, it may be that reliance on SDs and male incarceration rates are both functions of other factors that reduce social cohesion.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130264148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-27DOI: 10.1504/ijca.2019.10025532
Umesh Sharma
This paper describes the background of contingency theory and some of its research findings, and offers a critique. There are problems with contingency theory, ranging from a simple lack of clarity in its theoretical statements to subtle issues such as its reliance on a statistical model to show interactions between organisational structure and its impacting variables. The paper examines contingency theory from functionalist perspectives and identifies shortcomings of the theory. It is suggested that the narrow view of contingency theory that relies on responses to generally applicable questionnaire needs to be replaced by an approach that takes into consideration the context of specific organisations.
{"title":"Giving contingency theory of management accounting and control a critical edge","authors":"Umesh Sharma","doi":"10.1504/ijca.2019.10025532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2019.10025532","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the background of contingency theory and some of its research findings, and offers a critique. There are problems with contingency theory, ranging from a simple lack of clarity in its theoretical statements to subtle issues such as its reliance on a statistical model to show interactions between organisational structure and its impacting variables. The paper examines contingency theory from functionalist perspectives and identifies shortcomings of the theory. It is suggested that the narrow view of contingency theory that relies on responses to generally applicable questionnaire needs to be replaced by an approach that takes into consideration the context of specific organisations.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133200955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-27DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2019.103820
Murray J. Bryant, Throstur Olaf Sigurjonsson
A shareholder derivative suit is an action allowed by the courts available for shareholders who believe that they have been harmed by actions of the board of directors and management. In most instances, particularly in the US state of Delaware, the actions are not allowed to proceed. The rationale being that the business judgment rule applies and as a consequence boards of directors are not held responsible for bad decisions and as a result, the business judgment is held to be supreme. Thus they are presumed to act with diligence, without self-interest and in the best interests of the corporation. In the case of the action against Wells Fargo and Company, Judge Tigar of the Northern District of California, has allowed the action to go ahead, on the basis that the directors had been negligent on multiple actions with respect to several proceedings by Federal Agencies against the bank and furthermore that the directors failed to hold senior management to account when concerns were raised from several sources about malfeasance occurring in the bank. The paper suggests the arguments both for the plaintiffs and the defendants in the case.
股东衍生诉讼是法院允许的一种诉讼，适用于认为自己受到董事会和管理层行为损害的股东。在大多数情况下，特别是在美国特拉华州，这些行为是不允许进行的。其理由是，业务判断规则适用，因此董事会不必为错误的决策负责，因此，业务判断被认为是最高的。因此，他们的行为被认为是勤勉的，没有个人利益，符合公司的最大利益。在针对富国银行(Wells Fargo and Company)的诉讼中，加州北区法官Tigar允许诉讼继续进行，理由是董事们在联邦机构针对该银行的几项诉讼的多项行动中存在疏忽，此外，当多个消息来源对该银行发生的渎职行为提出担忧时，董事们未能追究高级管理层的责任。本文提出了本案中原告和被告双方的论点。
{"title":"Wells Fargo and company: shareholder derivative action - should the case succeed in federal court for the board of directors","authors":"Murray J. Bryant, Throstur Olaf Sigurjonsson","doi":"10.1504/IJCA.2019.103820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCA.2019.103820","url":null,"abstract":"A shareholder derivative suit is an action allowed by the courts available for shareholders who believe that they have been harmed by actions of the board of directors and management. In most instances, particularly in the US state of Delaware, the actions are not allowed to proceed. The rationale being that the business judgment rule applies and as a consequence boards of directors are not held responsible for bad decisions and as a result, the business judgment is held to be supreme. Thus they are presumed to act with diligence, without self-interest and in the best interests of the corporation. In the case of the action against Wells Fargo and Company, Judge Tigar of the Northern District of California, has allowed the action to go ahead, on the basis that the directors had been negligent on multiple actions with respect to several proceedings by Federal Agencies against the bank and furthermore that the directors failed to hold senior management to account when concerns were raised from several sources about malfeasance occurring in the bank. The paper suggests the arguments both for the plaintiffs and the defendants in the case.","PeriodicalId":343538,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Accounting","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126183038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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