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Revenue generation and rural development in Nigeria: a case study of Bende and Ikwuano local government area in Abia state 尼日利亚的创收和农村发展:以阿比亚州本德和伊库瓦诺地方政府地区为例
Pub Date : 2017-07-12 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2017.10005950
Kanu Clementina, Idume Gabriel Isu
In Nigeria, corruption has hindered the development of local government areas. This study critically evaluated tax collection as the source of revenue generation and its impact on rural development. In order to achieve this, multiple regressions were used to analyse the data. The results show that total tax collected has a positive relationship with revenue generated. The provision of social amenities has an inverse relationship with total tax collected. Granger causality test underscore the uni-directional causality from revenue generation and provision of social amenities. Therefore, all should endeavour to pay their taxes. Government should provide all the necessary amenities and make available financial services to the people. This will enhance their contributions to economic, social development and overall gross domestic product.. The implication is that there will be improved standard of living, self reliance and eradication of poverty in the country.
在尼日利亚,腐败阻碍了地方政府的发展。本研究批判性地评估了税收作为创收来源及其对农村发展的影响。为了实现这一点,我们使用多元回归来分析数据。结果表明,税收总量与财政收入呈正相关关系。社会福利设施的提供与税收总额呈反比关系。格兰杰因果关系检验强调了收入产生和社会便利设施提供之间的单向因果关系。因此,所有人都应该努力纳税。政府应该为人民提供一切必要的便利和金融服务。这将增强他们对经济社会发展和国内生产总值的贡献。这意味着该国将提高生活水平、自力更生和消除贫困。
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引用次数: 0
On neo-colonialism and the colonisation of accounting research 论新殖民主义与会计研究的殖民化
Pub Date : 2017-04-17 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2017.10004442
W. Huber
While assertions of the colonisation of accounting research have occasionally been made in the accounting literature, not only has there been no systematic examination of the evidence that supports these conclusions, no evidence has yet been proffered. This paper explores whether accounting research has been colonised by considering sociologically the essential elements of colonisation and whether they can be applied to accounting research. A critical examination of the elements of colonisation - control over communication, capital, culture, and education; elitism; and English as the dominant language - finds that accounting research has been colonised by acts of symbolic violence, which has resulted in misrecognised class distinctions and neo-colonial dependency relationships within accounting research. It urges accounting researchers recognise the neo-colonial power relationships that have been imposed upon them by the cultural imperialism of the dominant research culture.
虽然在会计文献中偶尔会提出会计研究殖民化的主张,但不仅没有对支持这些结论的证据进行系统检查,而且还没有提供任何证据。本文探讨了会计研究是否被殖民,从社会学角度考虑殖民的基本要素,以及它们是否可以应用于会计研究。对殖民因素的批判性考察——对通信、资本、文化和教育的控制;精英主义;以及英语作为主导语言的研究发现,会计研究已经被象征性暴力行为所殖民,这导致了会计研究中被错误认识的阶级区分和新殖民依赖关系。它敦促会计研究人员认识到主导研究文化的文化帝国主义强加给他们的新殖民主义权力关系。
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引用次数: 0
Small business units in Cameroon: the current informal situation and perspectives for a total state control 喀麦隆的小企业单位:目前的非正式情况和国家完全控制的前景
Pub Date : 2017-04-17 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2017.10004473
J. Degos, Guy Djongoué
In all countries, small business units form the core of the local economy, but they receive the lowest subsidies, and benefit very little from public and tax favours schemes. In this paper, part of our work is devoted to a theory of state control over private entities and on the behaviour of Cameroonian businessmen to constraints imposed by OHADA accounting system on the one hand. The work on the other hand also present some thoughts on how the business structures of these countries could evolve under the framework of a control theory. The African reality, where electronic data processing, and social networking sites are on the agenda, combines with the pressures of governments an inquisition to the limit of bearable. These governmental constraints will lead in the long term to the disappearance of the informal sector.
在所有国家,小型企业单位构成了当地经济的核心,但它们获得的补贴最低,从公共和税收优惠计划中获得的好处也很少。在本文中,我们的部分工作致力于国家控制私人实体的理论,以及喀麦隆商人对OHADA会计制度施加的约束的行为。另一方面,这项工作也提出了一些关于这些国家的商业结构如何在控制理论的框架下发展的想法。非洲的现实是,电子数据处理和社交网站被提上日程,再加上政府的压力,调查到了可以承受的极限。从长远来看,这些政府限制将导致非正规部门的消失。
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引用次数: 0
Academic freedom and a critique of 'top quality' accounting research 学术自由和对“高质量”会计研究的批评
Pub Date : 2017-04-17 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2017.083636
B. Committe
The retraction of articles, suspected to be fraudulent in their nature, in so-called 'top quality' accounting research journals is a reason the quality of accounting research should not be judged, and never should have been judged, by the mere reputation of the journal in which the published article appears. Instead, accounting research articles should be judged, and always should have been judged, by the content of the article published regardless of where it is published. Judging the quality of research by mere reference to the journal in which it is published is irrational. And, more importantly, making faculty personnel decisions based, at least in part, on the judged 'quality' of someone's research, much less on the mere 'quality' of the journal in which it is published, is a denial of the academic freedom to which all faculty are entitled in their research and teaching.
在所谓的“高质量”会计研究期刊上发表的涉嫌欺诈的文章被撤回,这就是为什么会计研究的质量不应该,也不应该仅仅通过发表文章的期刊的声誉来判断。相反,会计研究文章应该被判断,而且应该一直被判断,根据发表的文章的内容,而不管它发表在哪里。仅仅根据发表的期刊来判断研究的质量是不合理的。更重要的是,至少在一定程度上,根据某人研究的“质量”做出教职员工的决定,而不是仅仅根据发表该研究的期刊的“质量”,这是对所有教职员工在研究和教学中有权享有的学术自由的否认。
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引用次数: 0
Double-entry bookkeeping as an institution 复式记帐作为一种制度
Pub Date : 2017-04-17 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2017.083638
Masaya Fujita
The subject of the relation between DEB and capitalism is a matter of the historical character of DEB. Generally speaking, profit and loss calculation that many accounting scholars stress, seems to be common to all histories of economic activities. I believe that even Robinson Crusoe calculated profit and loss in a solitary island in the distant ocean. Therefore, it may be difficult for the historical character to be clarified from the view point of the function of calculating profit and loss. However, DEB has another function of dividing profit. Here, I am elucidating the ground that this latter function has made DEB become an important institution in capitalistic society.
债务与资本主义关系的主题是债务的历史特征问题。一般来说,许多会计学者所强调的损益计算,似乎是所有经济活动的历史所共有的。我相信,即使是鲁滨逊漂流记也会在遥远的海洋孤岛上计算盈亏。因此,从计算损益的功能来看,可能难以厘清其历史性质。然而,DEB还有另一种分配利润的功能。在这里,我阐明了后一种功能使DEB成为资本主义社会重要制度的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Regulating financial crises in the USA, the dialectic and beyond part A 美国金融危机监管的辩证法与超越A部分
Pub Date : 2017-04-17 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2017.10004437
Aida Sy, A. Tinker
Regulation against the next final crises is a tragic tale of regulatory missteps. Regulators are cowered by congressmen who are in the pockets of lobbies and vested interests. The Volker Rule that attempts to separate the high risk investments by the large banks from their commercial banking (the latter is FDIC insured) and the banks have lobbed to have their high risk investments protected by the FDIC funds. The Volker Rule simply attempted to prevent the banks high risk investments from enjoying a back stop using the public funded FDIC. Without Volker, the banks would engage in what is termed a 'morale hazard'. Volker's original simple one-page solution has been batter-down by congressional lobbies into a 100 pages plus list of 'exceptions' (read loop-holes).
针对下一轮最终危机的监管是监管失误的悲剧性故事。监管机构受到国会议员的恐吓,而国会议员则被游说者和既得利益者团团包围。沃尔克规则试图将大型银行的高风险投资与其商业银行业务(后者由联邦存款保险公司保险)分开,银行试图将其高风险投资由联邦存款保险公司的资金保护。沃尔克规则只是试图阻止银行的高风险投资享受由联邦存款保险公司提供公共资金的担保。没有沃尔克,银行将陷入所谓的“士气危机”。沃尔克最初的简单的一页解决方案已经被国会游说团体撕成了一份100多页的“例外”清单(即漏洞)。
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引用次数: 0
New inflection points identified in the evolution of IAS 38 Intangible Assets: a critical approach 《国际会计准则第38号——无形资产》演变过程中发现的新拐点:一种关键方法
Pub Date : 2016-11-28 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2016.10001300
N. Ienciu, I. Ienciu
The purpose of this paper is to identify new inflection points in the development of IAS 38 Intangible Assets in order to provide a comprehensive image of its evolution. This paper develops the inflection point theory proposed before by Ienciu and Matis (2014). By means of this theory, new inflection points are identified and analysed based on two determining factors: period of time expressed in months for each stage and amplitude expressed in number of comments letters received following the publication of a discussion paper/exposure draft. The paper results may help academics, practitioners and corporate reporting regulators better identify each change occurred in the evolution of IAS 38. By identifying new inflection points in the development of IAS 38, having had significant contribution to the inflection point theory in the accounting field, opportunities for future research are identified. The study extends the existing literature in the field of inflection point theory and highlights the contributions of different fields of interest in the inflection point arena.
本文的目的是识别《国际会计准则第38号——无形资产》发展中的新拐点,以提供其演变的全面形象。本文发展了Ienciu和Matis(2014)之前提出的拐点理论。通过这一理论,根据两个决定性因素确定和分析新的拐点:每个阶段以月表示的时间期限和讨论文件/征求意见稿发表后收到的评论信数量表示的幅度。本文的结果可能有助于学者、从业人员和公司报告监管机构更好地识别在IAS 38演变过程中发生的每一个变化。通过识别IAS 38发展中的新拐点,对会计领域的拐点理论做出了重大贡献,确定了未来研究的机会。本研究扩展了拐点理论领域的现有文献,并突出了不同兴趣领域在拐点领域的贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Are 'Big Four audits' really better? - Some remarks on the 'Big Four dichotomy' in the German audit market “四大审计”真的更好吗?-对德国审计市场的“四大二分法”的一些评论
Pub Date : 2016-11-28 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2016.10001290
Daniel Worret
In the green paper 'Audit policy: lessons from the crisis' of 2010, the European Commission discussed a break up of Big Four audit firms, since high market concentration was considered as a threat to independency. Our results suggest that concentration in the market for audits of German listed companies is persistently high. Regarding audit quality, clients of Big Four auditors show significantly lower amounts of discretionary accruals and lower likelihoods of error findings by the German enforcement system than clients of non-Big Four firms. When controlling for firm-specific characteristics, the difference remains observable only for the enforcement-error-proxy. The results suggest that differences in discretionary accruals might not primarily be influenced by auditor choice, but by different firm-characteristics between Big Four and non-Big Four clients. Nevertheless, while Big Four auditors might not be able to better constrain earnings management than non-Big Four auditors, they seem to be more successful in preventing 'real' accounting mistreatments, indicating higher audit quality.
在2010年的绿皮书《审计政策:危机的教训》(Audit policy: lessons from the crisis)中,欧盟委员会(European Commission)讨论了四大审计公司的分拆,因为市场高度集中被认为是对独立性的威胁。我们的研究结果表明,德国上市公司审计市场的集中度一直很高。在审计质量方面,与非四大会计师事务所的客户相比,四大会计师事务所的客户显示出明显更低的可自由支配应计金额和更低的德国执法系统发现错误的可能性。当控制公司特定特征时,这种差异仅在执行-错误-代理中可见。结果表明,可支配性应计利润的差异可能主要不是受到审计师选择的影响,而是受到四大和非四大客户之间不同事务所特征的影响。然而,尽管四大会计师事务所可能无法比非四大会计师事务所更好地约束盈余管理,但它们似乎在防止“真正的”会计不当行为方面更成功,这表明审计质量更高。
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引用次数: 1
Methods for the analysis of verbal reporting instruments - a comparison of different approaches 分析口头报告工具的方法-不同方法的比较
Pub Date : 2016-11-28 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2016.10001382
Sebastian P. Koch
The quality of disclosures and other reporting instruments in written language cannot be measured directly. Based on the analysis of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, this paper provides a comparison of different content analysis techniques by applying those to the reports regarding the internal control and risk management system relevant for the accounting process of the German DAX-30 companies for the fiscal year 2011. The results show that computerised measures lead to similar results as qualitative disclosure quality measures on a firm level (except for density of provided information). The exception for density might be driven by information overload or by the fact that the applied disclosure score does not capture all relevant information. However, on the item level the keyword analysis does not provide similar results as the disclosure score methodology. Therefore it seems to be indispensable to rely on researchers judgments if beyond disclosure quality on a firm level also the content should be examined.
不能直接衡量书面语言披露和其他报告工具的质量。本文在分析Spearman等级相关系数的基础上,对德国DAX-30成分股公司2011财年会计流程相关的内部控制和风险管理制度报告进行了不同内容分析技术的比较。结果表明,在公司层面上,计算机化措施与定性披露质量措施的结果相似(除了所提供信息的密度)。密度的例外可能是由信息过载或应用的披露分数没有捕获所有相关信息这一事实所驱动的。然而,在项目层面上,关键词分析并没有提供与披露得分方法相似的结果。因此,除了公司层面的披露质量之外,还要对披露内容进行审查,依靠研究者的判断似乎是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 0
Increased materiality judgments in financial accounting and external audit: a critical comparison between German and international standard setting 财务会计与外部审计中重要性判断的增加:德国与国际标准制定的关键性比较
Pub Date : 2016-11-28 DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2016.080496
Cristina Müller-Burmeister, Patrick Velte
The materiality principle supports the information function of accounting in order to enhance investors' decisions. Therefore, materiality guides the entity to present relevant information and to prevent information overload. This decision is mostly subjective and is based primarily on the individual's judgement in applying vague legal concepts. This could result in a greater expectation gap between management information and investors' understanding. The EU accounting directive 2013/34/EU standardises materiality to harmonise with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). However, the German legislator did not change the national accounting rules German Commercial Code (GCC). Moreover, the new EU audit regulation (EU) No 537/2014 requires the disclosure of the quantitative level of materiality thresholds in the audit report. Guidelines remain inadequate, although they are intended to provide clearly defined rules and to avoid boilerplate checklists. Our paper focuses on a conceptual comparison of materiality between the GCC and IFRS/ISA, and on the implications for eliminating the challenge involved in information overload.
重要性原则支持会计的信息功能,以增强投资者的决策。因此,重要性引导主体呈现相关信息,防止信息过载。这种决定大多是主观的,主要基于个人在应用模糊法律概念时的判断。这可能导致管理层信息与投资者理解之间的预期差距更大。欧盟会计指令2013/34/EU对重要性进行了标准化,以与国际财务报告准则(IFRS)保持一致。但是,德国立法者没有改变《德国商法典》(GCC)的国家会计规则。此外,新的欧盟审计法规(EU) No 537/2014要求在审计报告中披露重要性阈值的定量水平。准则仍然不够充分,尽管它们的目的是提供明确定义的规则和避免样板检查清单。我们的论文侧重于GCC和IFRS/ISA之间重要性的概念比较,以及消除信息过载所带来的挑战的影响。
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Critical Accounting
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