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Museumspädagogik im digitalen Raum und die Pandemiezeit ‒ ihre transitiven Prozesse und Rituale 数学界的博物馆区和大流行病年代…它们的传递过程和仪式
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-2-008
Katalin Kempf, Beatrix Vincze, A. Németh
As a specific pedagogical transformation of the above-mentioned cultural anthropological approach, the article attempts to answer the questions motivated by museum pedagogy. They are: a) What transitional processes are evident in the world of traditional museums because of digitalisation in the informal processes of museum knowledge transfer? b) How do these processes affect the behaviour of museum visitors and the rituals of the museum visit itself? The topicality of the research to be presented is that museums closed because of the COVID pandemic have been permanently transformed into virtual space, which has fundamentally changed the range of museum content and their museum education programmes. Research complementing the topic analyses the websites of Hungarian museums and examines the main characteristics of virtual visitors (need-based information, search, and user activities) and changes in visitor behaviour. It analyses a) how visitor rituals develop, b) how specific elements of these specific transitional changes appear in cyberspace. The research intervals were Spring quarantine 2020, reopening in summer and closure period from autumn 2020 to spring 2021.
作为上述文化人类学方法的一种具体的教学转型,本文试图回答博物馆教育学引发的问题。它们是:a)由于博物馆知识转移非正式过程的数字化,传统博物馆世界中的哪些过渡过程是明显的?b)这些过程如何影响博物馆参观者的行为和博物馆参观本身的仪式?即将提出的研究的主题是,因COVID大流行而关闭的博物馆已永久转变为虚拟空间,这从根本上改变了博物馆内容及其博物馆教育计划的范围。补充该主题的研究分析了匈牙利博物馆的网站,并检查了虚拟游客的主要特征(基于需求的信息、搜索和用户活动)和游客行为的变化。它分析了a)访客仪式是如何发展的,b)这些特定过渡变化的具体元素是如何在网络空间中出现的。研究间隔为2020年春季隔离,夏季重新开放,2020年秋季至2021年春季关闭。
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引用次数: 0
Zpráva o konferenci: 12. sjezd historiků České republiky. Několik zamyšlení nad postavením dějin vzdělanosti 会议报告:12。捷克共和国历史学家大会。关于教育史地位的几点思考
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-2-012
Jan Šimek, Petr Matějček, Tomáš Kasper
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引用次数: 0
Tutors and Home Teachers – a Transitional Position in the 19th Century 家庭教师和家庭教师——19世纪的过渡职位
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-2-005
Richard Pohle
This paper is a plea and an invitation not only to locate the tutor as a historical figure in the pre-modern period, but to explore him as an integral part of the private education market of the 19th and still early 20th century. To this end, it begins by considering why historical and pedagogical research has so far paid little attention to the continuing existence of this figure after 1800. It then discusses empirical approaches to this precarious phenomenon and the possibilities offered by accessing it through protestant candidates for pastorates. Finally, using the advice literature, it attempts to show how the discursive processing of the home teacher experience as well as their social position changed in the course of the 19th century. As a transitional figure, both in biographical terms and in terms of pedagogical history, it can serve to open up the flourishing private education market of the 19th century and, what is more, to give contemporary homeschooling experiences a historical depth dimension.
本文是一种请求和邀请,不仅将导师定位为前现代时期的历史人物,而且将其作为19世纪乃至20世纪初私立教育市场的一个组成部分进行探索。为此,本文首先考虑为什么历史和教育学研究迄今为止很少关注这个人物在1800年后的持续存在。然后讨论了这种不稳定现象的经验方法,以及通过新教牧师候选人提供的可能性。最后,利用建议文献,本文试图展示19世纪家庭教师经历的话语加工及其社会地位的变化。作为一个过渡人物,无论是在传记上还是在教育学史上,他都可以打开19世纪蓬勃发展的私立教育市场,更重要的是,给当代的家庭教育经验一个历史的深度维度。
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引用次数: 0
Abnehmende Bedeutung des Übergangs zwischen Kindes- und Jugendalter durch vermehrte Lateinschulbildung im Mittelalter? 由于中世纪拉丁教育的增加,儿童和青少年之间过渡的重要性降低?
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-2-006
J. Hajnal set up the these that the Western European marriage pattern was characterized by a relatively late marriage in broad strata of the population below the elites. The adolescence, the long period between sexual maturity and marriage, was often spent in the service of a foreign household. I examined the view on children in popular, didactic texts aimed at urban laypeople, comparing sources from around 1300 with those from around 1500. Hajnal’s foregoing finding is primarily supported by the early sources. From adolescence on, the terms for young people changed from gender-unspecific “kint [child]” to “kneht” or “meit”. These youths are mostly mentioned as servants. By 1500, there were significantly more Latin schools than by 1300 and they did no longer serve the sole purpose of providing clerics. The examined sources from this period deal mainly with the socialization of boys to erudition; that of girls and unlearned boys, still the majority of adolescents, is mentioned only in passing. A different gender-specific socialization of “sun [son]” and “tochter [daughter]” appears to be a more important aspect than the break between childhood and adolescence in the life cycle.
哈吉纳尔提出了西欧婚姻模式的特点,即在精英阶层以下的广大人群中结婚较晚。青春期,即从性成熟到结婚之间的漫长时期,通常是为外国家庭服务度过的。我研究了针对城市普通人的流行教育文本中对儿童的看法,比较了1300人左右和1500人左右的来源。Hajnal的上述发现主要得到了早期消息来源的支持。从青春期开始,对年轻人的称呼从性别不特定的“kint[child]”变成了“kneht”或“meit”。这些年轻人大多被称为仆人。到1500年,拉丁语学校的数量远远超过1300所,它们不再仅仅是为了提供神职人员。这一时期的研究资料主要涉及男孩向博学多才的社会化;女孩和未受过教育的男孩,仍然是青少年中的大多数,只是顺便提到。在生命周期中,“太阳[儿子]”和“女儿[女儿]”的不同性别社会化似乎比童年和青春期之间的决裂更重要。
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引用次数: 0
Using of Digital Storytelling in the Teaching of History 数字叙事在历史教学中的应用
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-008
The paper presents the results of an empirical study in which students (N=41) made digital stories in history classes in two different age groups. The aims of using digital storytelling in history classes were, on the one hand, to find and use relevant written and visual sources, and on the other hand, to create a personal connection to a historical person or event. The purposes of the research were (1) to clarify the conditions of applying digital storytelling in history classrooms in lower and upper secondary school levels and (2) to measure the impact of it on students’ learning competencies. The teachers wrote case studies, and students wrote learning diaries about their educational experiences. Students’ reading, writing, and listening skills were measured with pre- and post-tests. Throughout the project, the active involvement of students, their own learning activities, and creativity with digital tools were observed. We have found that the method creates a link between generations. Meanwhile, core competencies such as reading and writing were developed. The didactic limitations of using digital storytelling could be traced back to the lack of time, digital equipment and rooms.
本文介绍了一项实证研究的结果,其中41名学生(N=41)在两个不同年龄组的历史课上制作数字故事。在历史课上使用数字讲故事的目的,一方面是为了寻找和使用相关的书面和视觉资源,另一方面是为了建立与历史人物或事件的个人联系。本研究的目的是:(1)明确在中小学历史课堂中应用数字讲故事的条件;(2)衡量数字讲故事对学生学习能力的影响。老师们写案例分析,学生们写学习日记记录他们的教育经历。学生的阅读、写作和听力技能通过前后测试来衡量。在整个项目中,我们观察到学生们的积极参与,他们自己的学习活动,以及使用数字工具的创造力。我们发现这种方法在几代人之间建立了联系。与此同时,阅读和写作等核心能力也得到了发展。使用数字叙事的教学限制可以追溯到缺乏时间、数字设备和房间。
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引用次数: 1
Transitions in the Way Germans and Polish-German Relations Were Presented in the Primary Schools of the Polish People’s Republic 德意志人的转变与波兰与德意志关系在波兰小学的呈现
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-004
Jakub Kuliś
The aim of the article is to show the changes in the perception of Germans and Polish-German relations in the education of the People’s Republic of Poland. This problem is related to the changes in the domestic politics of post-war Poland and both German states. The paper is devoted to the evolution of the perception of Poland’s western neighbor from the post-war period to the end of the Polish People’s Republic, i.e. until 1989. The study presents the beginnings of the anti-German narration, caused by war trauma, which has intensified since 1949 due to pressure which has been exerted by communist government. The next part shows in which places the end of Stalinism and the takeover of power by Władysław Gomułka softened the perception of Federal Republic of Germany. The next phase was opened by the recognition of the western border of Poland by the Federal Republic of Germany on December 7, 1970. This event entailed a gradual liberalization of the recognition of the German problem in the curricula. Undoubtedly, this tendency deepened in the decade of Edward Gierek’s rule due to the problems of the Polish People’s Republic with the repayment of foreign debt, partly also in West Germany. In the early 1980s, the establishment of The Independent and Self-Governing Trade Union Solidarność brought a new quality. Thanks to them the methods of showing Germans (and Polish education as a whole) started a slowly evolution to eliminate the communist propaganda. The school subjects which received the most attention were history, German language, Polish language and geography, because during these lessons the issues related to Germany were most often discussed. The work was created on the basis of selected textbooks and curricula.
本文的目的是展示波兰人民共和国教育中对德国人的看法和波德关系的变化。这个问题与战后波兰和两个德国国家国内政治的变化有关。本文致力于研究从战后到波兰人民共和国结束,即直到1989年,对波兰西方邻国的看法的演变。这项研究展示了由战争创伤引起的反德叙事的开端,自1949年以来,由于共产党政府施加的压力,反德叙事愈演愈烈。下一部分展示了斯大林主义的结束和瓦迪斯瓦夫·戈穆卡对权力的接管软化了人们对德意志联邦共和国的看法。1970年12月7日,德意志联邦共和国承认波兰西部边界,开启了下一阶段。这一事件促使在课程中逐渐放开对德语问题的承认。毫无疑问,由于波兰人民共和国偿还外债的问题,这种趋势在爱德华·吉雷克统治的十年中加深了,部分原因也是在西德。20世纪80年代初,独立和自治工会Solidarność的成立带来了新的质量。多亏了他们,展示德国人(以及整个波兰教育)的方法开始了缓慢的演变,以消除共产主义的宣传。最受关注的学校科目是历史、德语、波兰语和地理,因为在这些课程中,与德国有关的问题最常被讨论。这部作品是在选定的教科书和课程的基础上创作的。
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引用次数: 0
Die ‚Entdeckung‘ der Jugend durch die Pädagogik Friedrich Wilhelm Foersters im Spannungsfeld von natürlicher Kraft und christlicher Idealität 青年‚发现,通过教育学弗里德里希·威廉三世Foersters的自然力量和基督教Idealität
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-005
A. Maier
This paper is picking up the assumption, that youth was ‘discovered’ at the beginning of the 20th century as an own life stage as well as a kind of aesthetic energy that inspired people of every age and class to cultivate an idealistic sentiment and attitude. In this context, the essay is posing the question in which way Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster (1869–1966) and his pedagogical thinking have contributed to this discovery. Thereby, the paper can also be understood as an input – among others – to close the research gap on Foersters educational theory. There are two main focuses: The first one lies on his comprehension on education as ‘self-education’ of the youth, which is allowed by their natural force. Because nature is disordered, ‘self-education’ needs – this is the second aspect – an idealistic orientation: the Christian faith. On the way to clarify his concept of ‘self-education’, that was inspired by the United States ‘progressive education’, and to curve out the role of the Christian tradition, the essay compares Foerster with John Dewey (1859–1952). At last, this exploration leads not only to the result, that the heritage of Christianity was meaningful for both but also, that this Christian influence gave their concepts of ‘new education’ – in contrast to others – some precise criteria, so that they were able to deal with ‘normal’ young people (instead of the ‘holy child’) and to resist fascism or socialism. But this doesn’t mean, that Foersters educational concept was exempt of ambivalence in a pedagogical perspective.
本文提出了这样一种假设,即青年在20世纪初被“发现”为自己的人生舞台,也是一种美学能量,激励着每个年龄和阶层的人培养理想主义的情感和态度。在这种背景下,本文提出了一个问题,即弗里德里希·威廉·福尔斯特(1869–1966)和他的教学思想是如何促成这一发现的。因此,该论文也可以被理解为一种投入——除其他外——以填补福斯特教育理论的研究空白。主要有两个方面:第一,他把教育理解为青年的“自我教育”,这是他们的自然力量所允许的。因为自然是无序的,“自我教育”需要——这是第二个方面——一个理想主义的方向:基督教信仰。在阐明他受美国“进步教育”启发的“自我教育”概念的过程中,为了阐明基督教传统的作用,本文将福斯特与约翰·杜威(1859–1952)进行了比较。最后,这种探索不仅导致了基督教的遗产对双方都有意义,而且这种基督教的影响赋予了他们的“新教育”概念——与其他概念相比——一些精确的标准,使他们能够与“正常”的年轻人打交道(而不是“神圣的孩子”),抵抗法西斯主义或社会主义。但这并不意味着,从教育学的角度来看,福斯特的教育理念是不矛盾的。
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引用次数: 0
Die „Arbeitsgemeinschaft“ im Erziehungsvollzug der Landesstrafanstalt Untermaßfeld/Thüringen um 1930 1930年,图林根州下城区的教育机构通过了“if”
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-006
Daniel Oelbauer
At the beginning of the 1920s there were groundbreaking developments in Thuringia‘s penal system and adult education. The execution of retribution gave way to an education which pursued the goal of treating each prisoner individually. Educational measures were given special priority. In particular, the offer included adult education formats in the understanding of the „Neue Richtung“ of Weimar adult education. The participants should be enabled to plan and shape their need for education independently. „Arbeitsgemeinschaft“ (working group) was used as method. Against the background of different framework conditions in the penal system and „free“ adult education, the question of the challenges that had to be overcome for the (successful) implementation of working groups is investigated using the example of the Thuringian state penal institution Untermaßfeld.
20世纪20年代初,图林根州的刑罚制度和成人教育取得了突破性的发展。惩罚的执行让位于追求单独对待每个囚犯的目标的教育。教育措施受到特别重视。特别地,在理解魏玛成人教育“Neue Richtung”的过程中,该课程包含了成人教育形式。参与者应能够独立规划和塑造他们的教育需求。“Arbeitsgemeinschaft”(工作组)被用作方法。在刑罚体系和“免费”的不同框架条件的背景下“成人教育,以图林根州刑事机构Untermaßfeld为例,研究了工作组(成功)实施所必须克服的挑战问题。
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引用次数: 0
Celebrating May 1: Visual Propaganda from Different Perspectives in Communist Hungary 庆祝五一节:共产主义匈牙利不同视角的视觉宣传
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-003
Lajos Somogyvári
Celebration has been a key idea in the disciplinary fields of Mentalitätsgeschichte and anthropology: my paper aims to introduce this in the specific context of May Day parades and marches in Hungary in the 1950s and 1960s, focusing on the educational nature of the communist system. For decades, verbal and visual propaganda tried to indoctrinate students and their parents and teachers by transforming perceptions of everyday reality through cultural practices and quasi-religious rites. From the perspective of theories about political religion, statues and symbols intended for the unification of leaders and masses in ceremonial- festive surroundings were meaningful elements with both continuous and changing characteristics. I would like to analyse this kind of message associated with May 1 through photographs of official processions in Budapest, choosing a concrete place as a starting point and adding verbal sources and different dimensions to the interpretation. First, party documents, minutes, and preparations establish the basic level of my approach, showing the original (and contemporary hidden) intentions of the ruling power to organize and execute International Workers’ Day. Next, propaganda and photographs of children and students demonstrate how the main celebration of the communist era was staged in order to legitimize its acceptance and popularity. The discussion concludes with a counter-narrative compiled from reports of the US legation and archives of Radio Free Europe, presenting an anti-communist view and a construction of Western propaganda.
庆祝活动一直是Mentalitätsgeschichte和人类学学科领域的一个关键思想:我的论文旨在在20世纪50年代和60年代匈牙利五一游行和游行的具体背景下介绍这一点,重点关注共产主义制度的教育性质。几十年来,口头和视觉宣传试图通过文化习俗和准宗教仪式改变对日常现实的看法,向学生及其父母和教师灌输思想。从政治宗教理论的角度来看,在仪式节日环境中,旨在使领袖和群众统一的雕像和符号是具有连续和变化特征的有意义的元素。我想通过布达佩斯官方游行的照片来分析这种与五一节相关的信息,选择一个具体的地方作为起点,并添加口头来源和不同的维度来解释。首先,党的文件、会议记录和准备工作确立了我的方法的基本水平,显示了统治力量组织和执行国际劳动节的原始(和当代隐藏的)意图。接下来,儿童和学生的宣传和照片展示了共产主义时代的主要庆祝活动是如何上演的,以使其接受和普及合法化。讨论结束时,根据美国大使馆的报告和自由欧洲电台(Radio Free Europe)的档案汇编了一份反叙事,提出了一种反共观点和西方宣传的构建。
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引用次数: 0
Aufwachsen und das Aufwachsen unterstützen – Zur Thematisierung und Unterstützung von Übergängen in Christian Heinrich Zellers Ueber Kleinkinder-Pflege 成长和支持成长——论克里斯蒂安·海因里希·泽勒的《Ueber Kleinkinder Pflege》中对转型的主题和支持
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-002
Sebastian Engelmann
Transitions are a hot topic in educational science. At the same time, they have been addressed in educational literature for quite some time, and the multitude of guidebooks in particular have always been concerned with supporting transitions. This paper elaborates how a nineteenth-century guidebook formulates advice on the upbringing of young children to help facilitate the transition from the post-natal to the toddler stage, as well as providing a religious upbringing. The question is answered by a discussion of the selected guidebook Ueber Kleinkinder- Pflege by the pietist teacher Christian Heinrich Zeller.
转型是教育科学研究的热点问题。与此同时,它们已经在教育文献中讨论了相当长的一段时间,特别是大量的指导手册一直关注支持过渡。这篇论文详细阐述了一本19世纪的指南书是如何对幼儿的养育提出建议,以帮助促进从产后到幼儿阶段的过渡,以及提供宗教教育。这个问题的答案是对由虔诚派教师克里斯蒂安·海因里希·泽勒所选的指南《尤伯·克莱因金德-誓言》的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
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Historia Scholastica
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