Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-007
Selma Haupt, Christian Timo Zenke
Starting from the discussion on the theory- practice relation in educational science, this article focuses on the tradition of action research, particularly in the course of the 1970s. Using the example of Laborschule Bielefeld, a state-run experimental school, it examines the challenges that arise in the attempt to fundamentally question the boundaries between theory and practice in the mode of action research. Not only does it become apparent that the tension between theory and practice cannot be completely resolved – even if an attempt is made to resolve it constructively in a group of “teacher researchers” who act as autonomously as possible – but the fundamental difficulties of participatory research in the field of pedagogy are revealed.
{"title":"Vom Überschreiten der „Schattenlinie“. Zur Aktions- und Handlungsforschung der 1970er Jahre im Spannungsfeld von Theorie und Praxis","authors":"Selma Haupt, Christian Timo Zenke","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-007","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from the discussion on the theory- practice relation in educational science, this article focuses on the tradition of action research, particularly in the course of the 1970s. Using the example of Laborschule Bielefeld, a state-run experimental school, it examines the challenges that arise in the attempt to fundamentally question the boundaries between theory and practice in the mode of action research. Not only does it become apparent that the tension between theory and practice cannot be completely resolved – even if an attempt is made to resolve it constructively in a group of “teacher researchers” who act as autonomously as possible – but the fundamental difficulties of participatory research in the field of pedagogy are revealed.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45486570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-001
Martin Holý
Based on sources of various kinds, this study examines pre-modern academic rituals in the case of two major European universities founded in the Middle Ages. The article suggests the breadth of the issue, focusing primarily on so-called depositions and then on master’s and doctoral graduations. It traces various aspects of the issue, including the process of these rituals and their symbolic aspects. It concludes by summarizing the findings, opening up further perspectives, including the possibility of researching other types of academic rituals and celebrations.
{"title":"Die akademischen Rituale an den Universitäten Prag und Basel im späten 15. bis frühen 17. Jahrhundert","authors":"Martin Holý","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2022-1-001","url":null,"abstract":"Based on sources of various kinds, this study examines pre-modern academic rituals in the case of two major European universities founded in the Middle Ages. The article suggests the breadth of the issue, focusing primarily on so-called depositions and then on master’s and doctoral graduations. It traces various aspects of the issue, including the process of these rituals and their symbolic aspects. It concludes by summarizing the findings, opening up further perspectives, including the possibility of researching other types of academic rituals and celebrations.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41287634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-009
Hans van der Linde
Pojetí umění u Komenského Jan Amos Komenský se zabýval rovněž uměním a uměleckou tvorbou. VeVelké didaktice (Didactica Magna) pojímá umění čistě prakticky, když konstatuje: „Je velmi jednoduché umění vnímat, ale mnohem obtížnější je umění tvořit“. Následně vysvětluje, jak by se měl student tvorbě naučit. V praxi to znamená řídit se dobrým vzorem, a až ruka a duch nasbírají zkušenosti, budou umělecká díla vznikat mnohem spontánněji. Komenského koncept zůstává prakticky orientovaný, výuka výtvarné výchovy je v něm pojímána jako osvojení dovedností. Odborník na umění je pak ten, kdo v sobě spojuje dovednosti se znalostmi. Abychom mohli vytvořit umělecké dílo, jsou podle Komenského nutné tři předpoklady ‒ příklad nebo umělcova idea, materiál a nástroje. Následující úvahy bych rád spojil s uměleckým dílem, jehož ústřední postavou je Komenský, totiž s Komenského mauzoleem v Naardenu. Mauzoleum vzniklo v letech 1933–1937 a záhy se proslavilo. Záměrem každého uměleckého díla je něco sdělit. Viděno z pohledu recipienta lze v uměleckém díle spatřit něco, co překračuje hranice materiálu, ze kterého bylo vytvořeno. V případě tohoto uměleckého díla má zcela mimořádný význam jeho stanoviště: je to místo posledního spočinutí Komenského. Památník je pamětním místem, které má potenciál stát se kultem. Práce umělcova někdy nepromlouvá pouze sama za sebe, ale stává se součástí většího celku. V tomto případě se jedná o světové uznání, či dokonce uctění muže, jenž je pro své spřízněné duše dodnes zdrojem inspirace. Hans van der Linde a Památník a Muzeum J. A. Komenského v Naardenu info@comeniusmuseum.nl
Jan Amos Komenský也从事艺术和艺术创作。在《大教学论》（Didactica Magna）中，他认为艺术纯粹是实用的，他说：“感知艺术是非常简单的，但更困难的是创作艺术“然后，他解释了学生应该如何学习创作。在实践中，这意味着要树立一个好榜样，当手和精神获得经验时，艺术作品就会更加自发地创作出来。Comenius的概念仍然以实践为导向，教学艺术教育被理解为获得技能。”。知识根据Komenský的说法，创作一件艺术品需要三个先决条件——一个例子或艺术家的想法、材料和工具。我想将以下考虑与一件以夸美纽斯为中心人物的艺术作品结合起来，即纳登的夸美纽斯·陵墓。陵墓始建于1933-1937年，很快就声名鹊起。每一件艺术作品的目的都是为了传达一些东西。从接受者的角度来看，可以在艺术作品中看到一些超越了创作材料界限的东西。就这件艺术品而言，它的位置尤为重要：它是科门斯基最后的安息之地。这座纪念碑是一个有可能成为邪教的纪念地。有时，艺术家的作品不仅不言自明，而且成为一个更大整体的一部分。在这种情况下，这是对一个至今仍然是灵魂伴侣灵感来源的人的全世界认可，甚至是对他的致敬。Hans van der Linde和J.A.Comenius纳登纪念馆和博物馆info@comeniusmuseum.nl
{"title":"Nezapomenuté místo posledního spočinutí: Umění a kultura Komenského muzea v Naardenu","authors":"Hans van der Linde","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-009","url":null,"abstract":"Pojetí umění u Komenského Jan Amos Komenský se zabýval rovněž uměním a uměleckou tvorbou. VeVelké didaktice (Didactica Magna) pojímá umění čistě prakticky, když konstatuje: „Je velmi jednoduché umění vnímat, ale mnohem obtížnější je umění tvořit“. Následně vysvětluje, jak by se měl student tvorbě naučit. V praxi to znamená řídit se dobrým vzorem, a až ruka a duch nasbírají zkušenosti, budou umělecká díla vznikat mnohem spontánněji. Komenského koncept zůstává prakticky orientovaný, výuka výtvarné výchovy je v něm pojímána jako osvojení dovedností. Odborník na umění je pak ten, kdo v sobě spojuje dovednosti se znalostmi. Abychom mohli vytvořit umělecké dílo, jsou podle Komenského nutné tři předpoklady ‒ příklad nebo umělcova idea, materiál a nástroje. Následující úvahy bych rád spojil s uměleckým dílem, jehož ústřední postavou je Komenský, totiž s Komenského mauzoleem v Naardenu. Mauzoleum vzniklo v letech 1933–1937 a záhy se proslavilo. Záměrem každého uměleckého díla je něco sdělit. Viděno z pohledu recipienta lze v uměleckém díle spatřit něco, co překračuje hranice materiálu, ze kterého bylo vytvořeno. V případě tohoto uměleckého díla má zcela mimořádný význam jeho stanoviště: je to místo posledního spočinutí Komenského. Památník je pamětním místem, které má potenciál stát se kultem. Práce umělcova někdy nepromlouvá pouze sama za sebe, ale stává se součástí většího celku. V tomto případě se jedná o světové uznání, či dokonce uctění muže, jenž je pro své spřízněné duše dodnes zdrojem inspirace. Hans van der Linde a Památník a Muzeum J. A. Komenského v Naardenu info@comeniusmuseum.nl","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43801246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-003
Martin Klečacký
The paper deals with the adoption of School Supervision Act from 1869 in Bohemia, taking into account both Czech and German speaking milieus. Using the example of appointment of District School Inspectors and looking into their activities, it analyses the system deficiencies and complications that the state authorities had to cope with in the first years after adoption and that, eventually, led into an amendment of the aforementioned act four years later. Apart from the inadequate organisational background and salary conditions of district inspectors, the paper points out the financial requirements that the school reform brought about and that had to be covered mostly by local municipalities. This fact significantly contributed to a generally passive or even negative attitude held by autonomous corporations as for the new school legislature implementation, which was enhanced by oppositional stance of Czech political representation.
{"title":"Okresní školní inspektor a počátky státního dohledu nad obecným školstvím v Čechách v letech 1869–1873","authors":"Martin Klečacký","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-003","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the adoption of School Supervision Act from 1869 in Bohemia, taking into account both Czech and German speaking milieus. Using the example of appointment of District School Inspectors and looking into their activities, it analyses the system deficiencies and complications that the state authorities had to cope with in the first years after adoption and that, eventually, led into an amendment of the aforementioned act four years later. Apart from the inadequate organisational background and salary conditions of district inspectors, the paper points out the financial requirements that the school reform brought about and that had to be covered mostly by local municipalities. This fact significantly contributed to a generally passive or even negative attitude held by autonomous corporations as for the new school legislature implementation, which was enhanced by oppositional stance of Czech political representation.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46329944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-006
Jaroslav Müllner
{"title":"K transformaci vzdělávacích soustav a evaluačních systémů na přelomu tisíciletí","authors":"Jaroslav Müllner","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43632579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-010
Světlana Markovna Marčuková
{"title":"Komenský v Rusku: O tradicích a perspektivách rozvoje ruské komeniologie","authors":"Světlana Markovna Marčuková","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43545305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-008
Kamila Szymańska
{"title":"Jan Amos Komenský v Lešně. Tradice, odkaz a inspirace do roku 2019","authors":"Kamila Szymańska","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48534052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-007
Helena Kovářová
{"title":"Inspektor, nebo ochránce? Působení Čeňka Kramoliše jako okresního školního inspektora v době první světové války na Hranicku","authors":"Helena Kovářová","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44650833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-005
Gert Geißler
The German Democratic Republic, which emerged in 1949 from the eastern occupation zone in divided Germany, was the most western state in the Soviet sphere of influence. The article traces how a new, independent, and efficient school system emerged from a common German history. In constant political competition with the Federal Republic of Germany, it initially demonstrated a strong affinity with the Soviet school system, in which educational practices were rooted in the doctrinal principles of a Marxist-Leninist pedagogy.
{"title":"Škola a výchova v Německé demokratické republice","authors":"Gert Geißler","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-005","url":null,"abstract":"The German Democratic Republic, which emerged in 1949 from the eastern occupation zone in divided Germany, was the most western state in the Soviet sphere of influence. The article traces how a new, independent, and efficient school system emerged from a common German history. In constant political competition with the Federal Republic of Germany, it initially demonstrated a strong affinity with the Soviet school system, in which educational practices were rooted in the doctrinal principles of a Marxist-Leninist pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43321506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-001
Kristína Liberčanová
In the period of socialism, career guidance is an important policy tool in meeting government policy goals. The state systematically intervenes in the choice of profession by determining the indicative numbers that is needed to be met when placing young people in individual spheres of the economy. The choice of profession is thus no longer part of the individual’s free private choice, but becomes a social obligation. The main mean in the professional orientation of the pupil should be the school and the counseling system serving for the right choice of profession. It is characterized by a sophisticated organization and synergy of services provided, the aim of which is to systematically influence the professional orientation and choice of profession in accordance with the needs of society.
{"title":"Poradenský systém pre voľbu povolania v období socializmu na území Čiech a Slovenska","authors":"Kristína Liberčanová","doi":"10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2021-2-001","url":null,"abstract":"In the period of socialism, career guidance is an important policy tool in meeting government policy goals. The state systematically intervenes in the choice of profession by determining the indicative numbers that is needed to be met when placing young people in individual spheres of the economy. The choice of profession is thus no longer part of the individual’s free private choice, but becomes a social obligation. The main mean in the professional orientation of the pupil should be the school and the counseling system serving for the right choice of profession. It is characterized by a sophisticated organization and synergy of services provided, the aim of which is to systematically influence the professional orientation and choice of profession in accordance with the needs of society.","PeriodicalId":34354,"journal":{"name":"Historia Scholastica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47937268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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